ORACLE ROLLUP和CUBE的使用

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ROLLUP，是GROUP BY子句的一种扩展，可以为每个分组返回小计记录以及为所有分组返回总计记录。

CUBE，也是GROUP BY子句的一种扩展，可以返回每一个列组合的小计记录，同时在末尾加上总计记录。

在文章的最后附上了相关表和记录创建的脚本。

1、向ROLLUP传递一列

SQL> select division_id,sum(salary)
  2  from employees2
  3  group by rollup(division_id)
  4  order by division_id;

DIV SUM(SALARY)
--- -----------
BUS     1610000
OPE     1320000
SAL     4936000
SUP     1015000
        8881000

SQL>

再来看一下如果使用普通的GROUP BY，而没有ROLLUP是个什么情况

SQL> select division_id,sum(salary)
  2  from employees2
  3  group by division_id
  4  order by division_id;

DIV SUM(SALARY)
--- -----------
BUS     1610000
OPE     1320000
SAL     4936000
SUP     1015000

可以看到，缺少了最后的统计信息。

2、向ROLLUP传递多列

SQL> select division_id,job_id,sum(salary)
  2  from employees2
  3  group by rollup(division_id,job_id)
  4  order by division_id,job_id;

DIV JOB SUM(SALARY)
--- --- -----------
BUS MGR      530000
BUS PRE      800000
BUS WOR      280000
BUS         1610000
OPE ENG      245000
OPE MGR      805000
OPE WOR      270000
OPE         1320000
SAL MGR     4446000
SAL WOR      490000
SAL         4936000

DIV JOB SUM(SALARY)
--- --- -----------
SUP MGR      465000
SUP TEC      115000
SUP WOR      435000
SUP         1015000
            8881000

16 rows selected.

可以看到，除了在最后有一个求和记录外，每个division_id分组也会有一个求和记录。

那么我们现在交换一下ROLLUP中数据列的顺序，看看结果怎样

SQL> select job_id,division_id,sum(salary)
  2  from employees2
  3  group by rollup(job_id,division_id)
  4  order by job_id,division_id;

JOB DIV SUM(SALARY)
--- --- -----------
ENG OPE      245000
ENG          245000
MGR BUS      530000
MGR OPE      805000
MGR SAL     4446000
MGR SUP      465000
MGR         6246000
PRE BUS      800000
PRE          800000
TEC SUP      115000
TEC          115000

JOB DIV SUM(SALARY)
--- --- -----------
WOR BUS      280000
WOR OPE      270000
WOR SAL      490000
WOR SUP      435000
WOR         1475000
            8881000

17 rows selected.

结果类似，只不过是每一个job_id分组有一个求和记录罢了。

3、向CUBE传递一列

SQL> select division_id,sum(salary)
  2  from employees2
  3  group by cube(division_id)
  4  order by division_id;

DIV SUM(SALARY)
--- -----------
BUS     1610000
OPE     1320000
SAL     4936000
SUP     1015000
        8881000

好像和ROLLUP没什么区别哦，呵呵，继续往下看。

4、向CUBE传递多列

SQL> select job_id,division_id,sum(salary)
  2  from employees2
  3  group by cube(job_id,division_id)
  4  order by job_id,division_id;

JOB DIV SUM(SALARY)
--- --- -----------
ENG OPE      245000
ENG          245000
MGR BUS      530000
MGR OPE      805000
MGR SAL     4446000
MGR SUP      465000
MGR         6246000
PRE BUS      800000
PRE          800000
TEC SUP      115000
TEC          115000

JOB DIV SUM(SALARY)
--- --- -----------
WOR BUS      280000
WOR OPE      270000
WOR SAL      490000
WOR SUP      435000
WOR         1475000
    BUS     1610000
    OPE     1320000
    SAL     4936000
    SUP     1015000
            8881000

21 rows selected.

可以看到工资是根据job_id和division_id求和的，CUBE在每一个job_id中都返回一条记录，表示其中的工资总数，同时在接近末尾处显示每一种division_id的工资总数，最后一条记录显示所有工资的总数。

把两列的顺序换换会怎样？呵呵，真的有兴趣那就自己动手试试吧。

==================================================================================

CREATE TABLE divisions (
  division_id CHAR(3) CONSTRAINT divisions_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(15) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE jobs (
  job_id CHAR(3) CONSTRAINT jobs_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE employees2 (
  employee_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT employees2_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  division_id CHAR(3)
    CONSTRAINT employees2_fk_divisions
    REFERENCES divisions(division_id),
  job_id CHAR(3) REFERENCES jobs(job_id),
  first_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  last_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  salary NUMBER(6, 0)
);

INSERT INTO divisions (
  division_id, name
) VALUES (
  'SAL', 'Sales'
);

INSERT INTO divisions (
  division_id, name
) VALUES (
  'OPE', 'Operations'
);

INSERT INTO divisions (
  division_id, name
) VALUES (
  'SUP', 'Support'
);

INSERT INTO divisions (
  division_id, name
) VALUES (
  'BUS', 'Business'
);
INSERT INTO jobs (
  job_id, name
) VALUES (
  'WOR', 'Worker'
);

INSERT INTO jobs (
  job_id, name
) VALUES (
  'MGR', 'Manager'
);

INSERT INTO jobs (
  job_id, name
) VALUES (
  'ENG', 'Engineer'
);

INSERT INTO jobs (
  job_id, name
) VALUES (
  'TEC', 'Technologist'
);

INSERT INTO jobs (
  job_id, name
) VALUES (
  'PRE', 'President'
);
INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  1, 'BUS', 'PRE', 'James', 'Smith', 800000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  2, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Ron', 'Johnson', 350000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  3, 'SAL', 'WOR', 'Fred', 'Hobbs', 140000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  4, 'SUP', 'MGR', 'Susan', 'Jones', 200000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  5, 'SAL', 'WOR', 'Rob', 'Green', 350000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  6, 'SUP', 'WOR', 'Jane', 'Brown', 200000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  7, 'SUP', 'MGR', 'John', 'Grey', 265000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  8, 'SUP', 'WOR', 'Jean', 'Blue', 110000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  9, 'SUP', 'WOR', 'Henry', 'Heyson', 125000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  10, 'OPE', 'MGR', 'Kevin', 'Black', 225000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  11, 'OPE', 'MGR', 'Keith', 'Long', 165000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  12, 'OPE', 'WOR', 'Frank', 'Howard', 125000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  13, 'OPE', 'WOR', 'Doreen', 'Penn', 145000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  14, 'BUS', 'MGR', 'Mark', 'Smith', 155000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  15, 'BUS', 'MGR', 'Jill', 'Jones', 175000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  16, 'OPE', 'ENG', 'Megan', 'Craig', 245000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  17, 'SUP', 'TEC', 'Matthew', 'Brant', 115000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  18, 'OPE', 'MGR', 'Tony', 'Clerke', 200000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  19, 'BUS', 'MGR', 'Tanya', 'Conway', 200000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  20, 'OPE', 'MGR', 'Terry', 'Cliff', 215000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  21, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Steve', 'Green', 275000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  22, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Roy', 'Red', 375000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  23, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Sandra', 'Smith', 335000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  24, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Gail', 'Silver', 225000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  25, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Gerald', 'Gold', 245000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  26, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Eileen', 'Lane', 235000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  27, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Doreen', 'Upton', 235000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  28, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Jack', 'Ewing', 235000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  29, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Paul', 'Owens', 245000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  30, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Melanie', 'York', 255000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  31, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Tracy', 'Yellow', 225000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  32, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Sarah', 'White', 235000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  33, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Terry', 'Iron', 225000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  34, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Christine', 'Brown', 247000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  35, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'John', 'Brown', 249000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  36, 'SAL', 'MGR', 'Kelvin', 'Trenton', 255000
);

INSERT INTO employees2 (
  employee_id, division_id, job_id, first_name, last_name, salary
) VALUES (
  37, 'BUS', 'WOR', 'Damon', 'Jones', 280000
);


本文来自：http://blog.csdn.net/wh62592855/archive/2009/11/16/4817920.aspx