solr学习（一）术语翻译

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　　最近在检查公司中solr索引进程死掉和outofmemory的问题，才进一步的阅读solr文档。发现读起这样超级多的E文文档还真的吃力呢。研究solr就从这开始每天记录学习solr的心得给自己，同时也希望能得到大家的帮助。
　　首先要将solr中涉及到的术语翻译为中文。
Auto-warming: What Solr does when it opens a new cache, and seeds it with key/val pairs based on the "top" keys from the old instance of the cache
自动预热:当solr打开一个缓存是将要做自动预热，自动预热就是通过键值对的方式从旧的缓存中获取最新的键值对来填充新的缓存。 
Constraint: A viable method of limiting a set of objects (*)
约束：限制数据集的一个有效方法。
Core: See Solr Core below.
核心: 请看下面的solr core
Facet: A distinct feature or aspect of a set of objects; "a way in which a resource can be classified" (*)
层面:一个数据集的独特特征或者面貌，通过数据集的特征的方式对资源进行分类。
Filter: depending on context, may be
　　过滤器： 依赖于上下文，这些上下文可能是如下

• Another word for "Constraint"   
  
• The "fq" param which constrains the results from a query without influencing the scores.
  
• Specifically referring to the Lucene "Filter" class
  

　　1. 约束的别名
　　2. fq参数约束了一个没有评分影响的查询结果集。
　　3. 明确的引用了lucene的filter类。
Request Handler: A Solr component that processes requests. For example, the DisMaxRequestHandler processes search queries by calling the DisMax Query Parser. Request Handlers can perform other functions, as well.
请求处理器:一个处理请求的solr组件。例如:DisMaxRequestHandler 通过调用DisMax查询分析器来处理 搜索查询。Request handler 也可能执行其他的函数。
Query Parser: A Solr component that parses the parameters and search terms submitted in a search query.
查询分析器:一个solr组件，这个组件负责分析搜索查询中提交的参数和查询术语。
Searcher: In Solr parlance, the term "Searcher" tends to refer to an instance of the SolrIndexSearcher class. This class is responsible for executing all searches done against the index, and manages several caches. There is typically one Searcher per SolrCore at any given time, and that searcher is used to execute all queries against that SolrCore, but there may be additional Searchers open at a time during cache warming (in which and "old Searcher" is still serving live requests while a "new Searcher" is being warmed up).
查询器: 在solr用法中，“searcher”更倾向于引用SolrIndexSearcher类的实例，solrIndexSearcher负责执行所有查询通过index，并控制缓存。在任何时候每个solrCore都有一个代表性的查询器，并且依赖SoleCore中的查询器被用来执行所有的查询，但是也会有一个附加的查询器在缓存预热时被打开（当一个新的查询器正在预热时旧的查询器仍旧为活跃的请求提供服务）。
Shard: A distributed index is partitioned into "shards". Each shard corresponds to a Lucene instance and contains a disjoint subset of the documents in the index.
碎片:一个分布式索引被分割成碎片，在索引中每一个碎片都符合lucene的实例并且包含一个解体的文档的子集。
Slop: As in "phrase slop": the number of positions two tokens need to be moved in order to match a phrase in a query.
slop： 作为一个词组：两个标记的号码需要被移动目的是为了在查询中匹配词组。
Solr Core: Also referred to as just a "Core" This is a running instance of a Solr index along with all of its configuration (SolrConfigXml, SchemaXml, etc...). A single Solr application can contain 0 or more cores which are run largely in isolation but can communicate with each other if necessary via the CoreContainer. From a historical perspective: Solr initially only supported one index, and the SolrCore class was a singleton for coordinating the low-level functionality at the "core" of Solr. When support was added for creating and managing multiple Cores on the fly, the class was refactored to no longer be a Singleton, but the name stuck.
solr 核心: 作为Core被对待，core是solr索引连同所有的配置的一个运行实例，一个单独的solr应用程序可以包含o个或者更多个核心，他最大化的独立运行，但如果有必要的话也可以定定义个core容器来让彼此间通信。来自于历史的一个观点:solr最初仅支持一个索引，并且在solr中”core“的solrcore这个类仅仅是一个处理低水平功能的单例类，随着发展开始添加了功能，目的是为了产生和管理多个core，这个类被成为了代理类不在是单例，但这个名字依然没有变。
Solr Home Dir: Also referred to as the "Solr Home Directory" or just "Solr Home" this is the main directory where Solr will look for configuration files, data, and plugins. Knowing which directory to use as the Solr Home is the one piece of information that Solr must either assume (the default is "./solr") or be configured using some mechanism beyond Solr's normal configuration files. An example Solr Home is included in Solr releases and contains a README.txt explaining the directory structure. For more information on ways to override the default Solr Home, please read SolrInstall.
solr home dir:也是“Solr Home Directory”或者“Solr Home”的别名，这是一个solr 查找配置文件、数据、插件的目录。知道 哪个目录将要作为solr home 是通过一条消息进行的。solr不仅具有默认的配置而且可以通过一些机制在配置文件中配置。通过这样的方式产生配置消息。一个solr home 的例子包含在 solr releas中，并且releas中也包含了一个接受这个目录结构的readme.txt文件。对于更多的信息可以重新设置solr home ，如何设置请阅读solrinstall。
Static warming: What users can do using newSearcher and firstSearcher event listeners to force explicit warming actions to be taken when one of these events happens -- frequently it involves seeding one or more caches with values from "static" queries hard coded in the solrconfig.xml
静态预热:当newSeacher和firstSeacher 事件中任何一个事件发生时将会强迫进行预热行为，也就是频繁的发送一个或者多个cahce ，这些cache的填充是用过硬编码在solrconfig.xml文件中的查询语句所查询的结果集。