如何在 Mac 下用 Nginx + Passenger 部署 Rails 的运行环境。

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系统需求

    Mac OSX Lion

步骤0 安装环境依赖

安装Xcode 4.1，Xcode4.2以及更高的版本在 Lion 仍然存在一些兼容性问题，强烈建议使用XCode 4.1，下载地址：

https://developer.apple.com/down ... de_4.1_for_lion.dmg

安装RVM

$ bash < <(curl -s https://raw.github.com/wayneeseg ... ripts/rvm-installer)

配置RVM自动加载，将下面这一行代码添加到~/.bash_profile中，然后退出iTerm并重新启动

[[ -s $HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm ]] && source $HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm

安装 ruby-1.9.2-p290

$ rvm install 1.9.2

设置系统默认使用 ruby-1.9.2

$ rvm use 1.9.2 --default

步骤1 安装 Rails

安装Rails

$ gem install rails

Rails安装完成后，创建一个rails项目，假定你的项目叫做：awesome project

$ rails new awesome_project

启动Rails，并访问 http://localhost:3000

$ cd awesome_project
$ rails server

步骤2 安装 Passenger 和 Nginx

首先通过gem安装passenger

$ gem install passenger

因为Nginx不支持动态module载入，所以需要通过Passenger来自动下载，编译，安装由Passenger修改版的Nginx:

安装Passenger + Nginx

$ passenger-install-nginx-module

    Yes: download, compile and install Nginx for me. (recommended)
    The easiest way to get started. A stock Nginx 1.0.10 with Passenger
    support, but with no other additional third party modules, will be
    installed for you to a directory of your choice.

    No: I want to customize my Nginx installation. (for advanced users)
    Choose this if you want to compile Nginx with more third party modules
    besides Passenger, or if you need to pass additional options to Nginx's
    'configure' script. This installer will 1) ask you for the location of
    the Nginx source code, 2) run the 'configure' script according to your
    instructions, and 3) run 'make install'.

Whichever you choose, if you already have an existing Nginx configuration file,
then it will be preserved.

Enter your choice (1 or 2) or press Ctrl-C to abort: 这里建议选择1

Please specify a prefix directory [/opt/nginx]: /usr/local/nginx

当询问nginx的安装路径的时候，个人建议安装到/usr/local/nginx下

当安装完成后，会在console中提示如何配置Nginx

Passenger会自动帮你将下面两行添加到Nginx的配置文件中/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf（很人性化）

http {
  ...
  passenger_root /Users/Daniel/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/gems/passenger-3.0.10;
  passenger_ruby /Users/Daniel/.rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.2-p290/ruby;
  ...
}

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name www.yourhost.com;
  root /somewhere/public;   # <--- be sure to point to 'public'!
  passenger_enabled on;
}

请不要忘记将nginx命令行程序连接到/usr/local/sbin

$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/

步骤3 配置Nginx + Passenger + Rails

关于Nginx的配置，请参考Nginx的官方网站以及Passenger的官方网站

    http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
    http://www.modrails.com/documentation/Users%20guide%20Nginx.html

修改hosts文件，给你的项目一个本地域名, 比如awesome_project.local

$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 awesome_project.local

测试hosts

$ ping awesome_project.local
PING awesome_project.local (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms

继续配置Nginx, 这里我给出一个最小可运行的Nginx配置文件

$ vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;

events {
  worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
  passenger_root /Users/Daniel/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/gems/passenger-3.0.10;
  passenger_ruby /Users/Daniel/.rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.2-p290/ruby;

  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  sendfile      on;
  keepalive_timeout  65;

  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name awesome_project.local;
    root /Users/Daniel/awesome_project/public;
    passenger_enabled on;
    rails_env development;
  }
}

测试Nginx的配置文件语法是否正确

$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动Nginx

$ sudo nginx

如何在修改Nginx的配置文件后，让Nginx载入新配置

$ sudo nginx -s reload

如何停止Nginx

$ sudo nginx -s stop

如何在不停Nginx的情况下，重新启动Passenger

$ cd path/to/your/awesome/project
$ touch tmp/restart.txt

好了，这个时候你可以打开浏览器，访问你的awesome_project网站了

http://awesome_project.local