In Lucene 2.3.2 of core API documention,you should be see following description:
To use Lucene, an application should:
1. Create Documents by adding Fields;
2. Create an IndexWriter and add documents to it with addDocument();
3. Call QueryParser.parse() to build a query from a string; and
4. Create an IndexSearcher and pass the query to its search() method.
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
// Store the index in memory:
Directory directory = new RAMDirectory();
// To store an index on disk, use this instead:
//Directory directory = FSDirectory.getDirectory("/tmp/testindex");
IndexWriter iwriter = new IndexWriter(directory, analyzer, true);
iwriter.setMaxFieldLength(25000);
Document doc = new Document();
String text = "This is the text to be indexed.";
doc.add(new Field("fieldname", text, Field.Store.YES,
Field.Index.TOKENIZED));
iwriter.addDocument(doc);
iwriter.optimize();
iwriter.close();
// Now search the index:
IndexSearcher isearcher = new IndexSearcher(directory);
// Parse a simple query that searches for "text":
QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("fieldname", analyzer);
Query query = parser.parse("text");
Hits hits = isearcher.search(query);
assertEquals(1, hits.length());
// Iterate through the results:
for (int i = 0; i < hits.length(); i++) {
Document hitDoc = hits.doc(i);
assertEquals("This is the text to be indexed.", hitDoc.get("fieldname"));
}
isearcher.close();
directory.close();
Lucene 其实很简单的,它最主要就是做两件事:建立索引和进行搜索
来看一些在lucene中使用的术语,这里并不打算作详细的介绍,只是点一下而已----因为这一个世界有一种好东西,叫搜索。
IndexWriter:lucene中最重要的的类之一,它主要是用来将文档加入索引,同时控制索引过程中的一些参数使用。
Analyzer:分析器,主要用于分析搜索引擎遇到的各种文本。常用的有StandardAnalyzer分析器,StopAnalyzer分析器,WhitespaceAnalyzer分析器等。
Directory:索引存放的位置;lucene提供了两种索引存放的位置,一种是磁盘,一种是内存。一般情况将索引放在磁盘上;相应地lucene提供了FSDirectory和RAMDirectory两个类。
Document:文档;Document相当于一个要进行索引的单元,任何可以想要被索引的文件都必须转化为Document对象才能进行索引。
Field:字段。
IndexSearcher:是lucene中最基本的检索工具,所有的检索都会用到IndexSearcher工具;
Query:查询,lucene中支持模糊查询,语义查询,短语查询,组合查询等等,如有TermQuery,BooleanQuery,RangeQuery,WildcardQuery等一些类。
QueryParser: 是一个解析用户输入的工具,可以通过扫描用户输入的字符串,生成Query对象。
Hits:在搜索完成之后,需要把搜索结果返回并显示给用户,只有这样才算是完成搜索的目的。在lucene中,搜索的结果的集合是用Hits类的实例来表示的。
一个实例,简单地建立索引,进行搜索
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Hits;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
public class FSDirectoryTest {
//建立索引的路径
public static final String path = "c:\\index2";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Document doc1 = new Document();
doc1.add( new Field("name", "lighter javaeye com",Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED));
Document doc2 = new Document();
doc2.add(new Field("name", "lighter blog",Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED));
IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(FSDirectory.getDirectory(path, true), new StandardAnalyzer(), true);
writer.setMaxFieldLength(3);
writer.addDocument(doc1);
writer.setMaxFieldLength(3);
writer.addDocument(doc2);
writer.close();
IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(path);
Hits hits = null;
Query query = null;
QueryParser qp = new QueryParser("name",new StandardAnalyzer());
query = qp.parse("lighter");
hits = searcher.search(query);
System.out.println("查找\"lighter\" 共" + hits.length() + "个结果");
query = qp.parse("javaeye");
hits = searcher.search(query);
System.out.println("查找\"javaeye\" 共" + hits.length() + "个结果");
}
}