Apache mod_rewrite 小结

cf2000

　　mod_rewrite
　　Apache HTTP Server
　　Enable htaccess on Apache
　　1. uncomment this line in httpd.conf:
　　LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
　　
　　2. change directory setting in httpd.conf:
　　<Directory />
　　Options FollowSymLinks
　　AllowOverride All
　　Order deny,allow
　　Deny from all
　　Satisfy all
　　</Directory>
　　
　　Configures what features are available in a particular directory
　　
　　Options 属性:
　　Indexes     当该目录下没有index.*时则以ftp-style列出该目录下所有文件
　　Includes    Allow server-wide includes
　　FollowSymLinks 当该目录下软连接的文件/目录链接到外部目录时，仍然可以正常显示。
　　MultiViews   由一个*.var管理同一网页的多种语言版本,如apache默认主页多种语言的index.html
　　ExecCGI     允许执行CGI程序
　　ALL       开启除MultiViews之外的属性
　　None      禁止所有属性
　　
　　AllowOverride 是否允许使用.htaccess覆盖某些设定(All None FileInfo AuthConfig Limit)
　　Order allow,deny : 控制访问权限
　　Order deny,allow
　　deny from test.org 拒绝test.org访问
　　deny from 192.168.0.100 拒绝192.168.0.100访问
　　allow from 192.168.0.1 允许192.168.0.1 访问
　　
　　http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/core.html
　　http://m.oschina.net/bbs/thread/176
　　authentication
　　
　　http://www.htaccesstools.com/htaccess-authentication/
　　
　　.htaccess
　　Reference:
　　http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_rewrite.html
　　http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html
　　Examples:
　　http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/rewrite/rewrite_guide.html
　　http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/rewrite/rewrite_guide_advanced.html
　　http://www.askapache.com/htaccess/mod_rewrite-tips-and-tricks.html#default-mod-rewrite-hint
　　http://www.webmasterworld.com/forum92/2524.htm
　　
　　Tools:
　　http://cooletips.de/htaccess/
　　http://www.htaccesstools.com/
　　
　　usually it is used to transfer from static URL to dynamic URL
　　
　　#Error pages
　　ErrorDocument 404 http://www.backbase.com/errors/404.php
　　
　　RewriteRule directives
　　
　　last|L' (last rule)
　　  Stop the rewriting process here and don't apply any more rewrite rules. This corresponds to the Perl last command or the break command in C. Use this flag to prevent the currently rewritten URL from being rewritten further by following rules. Remember, however, that if the RewriteRule generates an internal redirect (which frequently occurs when rewriting in a per-directory context), this will reinject the request and will cause processing to be repeated starting from the first RewriteRule.
　　
　　'next|N' (next round)
　　  Re-run the rewriting process (starting again with the first rewriting rule). This time, the URL to match is no longer the original URL, but rather the URL returned by the last rewriting rule. This corresponds to the Perl next command or the continue command in C. Use this flag to restart the rewriting process - to immediately go to the top of the loop. Be careful not to create an infinite loop!
　　
　　'nocase|NC' (no case)
　　  This makes the Pattern case-insensitive, ignoring difference between 'A-Z' and 'a-z' when Pattern is matched against the current URL.
　　
　　
　　'noescape|NE' (no URI escaping of output)
　　  This flag prevents mod_rewrite from applying the usual URI escaping rules to the result of a rewrite. Ordinarily, special characters (such as '%', '$', ';', and so on) will be escaped into their hexcode equivalents ('%25', '%24', and '%3B', respectively); this flag prevents this from happening. This allows percent symbols to appear in the output, as in
　　
　　  RewriteRule /foo/(.*) /bar?arg=P1/%3d$1 [R,NE]
　　  which would turn '/foo/zed' into a safe request for '/bar?arg=P1=zed'.
　　
　　'redirect|R [=code]' (force redirect)
　　
　　  Prefix Substitution with http://thishost[:thisport]/ (which makes the new URL a URI) to force a external redirection. If no code is given, a HTTP response of 302 (MOVED TEMPORARILY) will be returned. If you want to use other response codes, simply specify the appropriate number or use one of the following symbolic names: temp (default), permanent, seeother. Use this for rules to canonicalize the URL and return it to the client - to translate ``/~'' into ``/u/'', or to always append a slash to /u/user, etc.
　　  Note: When you use this flag, make sure that the substitution field is a valid URL! Otherwise, you will be redirecting to an invalid location. Remember that this flag on its own will only prepend http://thishost[:thisport]/ to the URL, and rewriting will continue. Usually, you will want to stop rewriting at this point, and redirect immediately. To stop rewriting, you should add the 'L' flag.
　　
　　  While this is typically used for redirects, any valid status code can be given here. If the status code is outside the redirect range (300-399), then the Substitution string is dropped and rewriting is stopped as if the L flag was used.
　　
　　RewriteCond directives
　　used before RewriteRule directives
　　
　　# RewriteRule backreferences: These are backreferences of the form $N (0 <= N <= 9), which provide access to the grouped parts (in parentheses) of the pattern, from the RewriteRule which is subject to the current set of RewriteCond conditions..
　　# RewriteCond backreferences: These are backreferences of the form %N (1 <= N <= 9), which provide access to the grouped parts (again, in parentheses) of the pattern, from the last matched RewriteCond in the current set of conditions.
　　# RewriteMap expansions: These are expansions of the form ${mapname:key|default}. See the documentation for RewriteMap for more details.
　　# Server-Variables: These are variables of the form %{ NAME_OF_VARIABLE } where NAME_OF_VARIABLE can be a string taken from the following list:
　　HTTP headers: connection & request:
　　HTTP_USER_AGENT
　　HTTP_REFERER
　　HTTP_COOKIE
　　HTTP_FORWARDED
　　HTTP_HOST
　　HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION
　　HTTP_ACCEPT
　　REMOTE_ADDR
　　REMOTE_HOST
　　REMOTE_PORT
　　REMOTE_USER
　　REMOTE_IDENT
　　REQUEST_METHOD
　　SCRIPT_FILENAME
　　PATH_INFO
　　QUERY_STRING
　　AUTH_TYPE
　　
　　server internals: system stuff: specials:
　　DOCUMENT_ROOT
　　SERVER_ADMIN
　　SERVER_NAME
　　SERVER_ADDR
　　SERVER_PORT
　　SERVER_PROTOCOL
　　SERVER_SOFTWARE
　　TIME_YEAR
　　TIME_MON
　　TIME_DAY
　　TIME_HOUR
　　TIME_MIN
　　TIME_SEC
　　TIME_WDAY
　　TIME
　　API_VERSION
　　THE_REQUEST
　　REQUEST_URI
　　REQUEST_FILENAME
　　IS_SUBREQ
　　HTTPS