压力测试之apache benchmark

nawawa001

　　Apache Benchmark下载
　　ab的全称是ApacheBench，是 Apache 附带的一个小工具，专门用于 HTTP Server 的benchmark testing，可以同时模拟多个并发请求。前段时间看到公司的开发人员也在用它作一些测试，看起来也不错，很简单，也很容易使用，所以今天花一点时间看了一下。
通过下面的一个简单的例子和注释，相信大家可以更容易理解这个工具的使用。
一个简单的例子
/*在这个例子的一开始，我执行了这样一个命令 ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.google.com/。这个命令的意思是启动 ab ，向 www.google.com发送10个请求(-n 10) ，并每次发送10个请求(-c 10)——也就是说一次都发过去了。跟着下面的是 ab 输出的测试报告，红色部分是我添加的注释。*/
C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 10 -c 10 http
://www.google.com/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.40-dev <$Revision: 1.146 $> apache-2.0
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright 1997-2005 The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
 
Benchmarking www.google.com (be patient).....done
 
 
Server Software:        GWS/2.1
Server Hostname:        www.google.com
Server Port:            80
 
Document Path:          /
Document Length:        230 bytes
 
Concurrency Level:      10
/*整个测试持续的时间*/
Time taken for tests:   3.234651 seconds
/*完成的请求数量*/
Complete requests:      10
/*失败的请求数量*/
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Non-2xx responses:      10
Keep-Alive requests:    10
/*整个场景中的网络传输量*/
Total transferred:      6020 bytes
/*整个场景中的HTML内容传输量*/
HTML transferred:       2300 bytes
/*大家最关心的指标之一，相当于 LR 中的 每秒事务数 ，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值*/
Requests per second:    3.09 [#/sec] (mean)
/*大家最关心的指标之二，相当于 LR 中的 平均事务响应时间 ，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值*/
Time per request:       3234.651 [ms] (mean)
/*这个还不知道是什么意思，有知道的朋友请留言，谢谢 ^_^ */
Time per request:       323.465 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
/*平均每秒网络上的流量，可以帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大导致响应时间延长的问题*/
Transfer rate:          1.55 [Kbytes/sec] received
/*网络上消耗的时间的分解，各项数据的具体算法还不是很清楚*/
Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       20  318 926.1     30    2954
Processing:    40 2160 1462.0   3034    3154
Waiting:       40 2160 1462.0   3034    3154
Total:         60 2479 1276.4   3064    3184
 
/*下面的内容为整个场景中所有请求的响应情况。在场景中每个请求都有一个响应时间，其中 50％ 的用户响应时间小于 3064 毫秒，60 ％ 的用户响应时间小于 3094 毫秒，最大的响应时间小于 3184 毫秒*/
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%   3064
  66%   3094
  75%   3124
  80%   3154
  90%   3184
  95%   3184
  98%   3184
  99%   3184
 100%   3184 (longest request)
 
更多信息
ab 不像 LR 那么强大，但是它足够轻便，如果只是在开发过程中想检查一下某个模块的响应情况，或者做一些场景比较简单的测试，ab 还是一个不错的选择——至少不用花费很多时间去学习 LR 那些复杂的功能，就更别说那 License 的价格了。
下面是 ab 的详细参数解释，大家有兴趣的可以研究一下，最近没有足够多的时间研究，如果哪位朋友有兴趣希望可以帮忙翻译一下每个参数的含义，有问题讨论也欢迎在这里回帖 ^_^
ab [ -A auth-username:password ] [ -c concurrency ] [ -C cookie-name=value ] [ -d ] [ -e csv-file ] [ -g gnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -H custom-header ] [ -i ] [ -k ] [ -n requests ] [ -p POST-file ] [ -P proxy-auth-username:password ] [ -q ] [ -s ] [ -S ] [ -t timelimit ] [ -T content-type ] [ -v verbosity] [ -V ] [ -w ] [ -x <table>-attributes ] [ -X proxy[:port] ] [ -y <tr>-attributes ] [ -z <td>-attributes ] [http://]hostname[:port]/path
 

-A auth-username:password

Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs it (i.e., has sent an 401 authentication needed).
-c concurrency
Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default is one request at a time.
-C cookie-name=value
Add a Cookie: line to the request. The argument is typically in the form of a name=value pair. This field is repeatable.
-d
Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table". (legacy support).
-e csv-file
Writea Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each percentage(from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve thatpercentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.
-g gnuplot-file
Writeall measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate values)file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot, IDL,Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line ofthe file.
-h
Display usage information.
-H custom-header
Appendextra headers to the request. The argument is typically in the form ofa valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value pair (i.e., "Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit").
-i
Do HEAD requests instead of GET.
-k
Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, i.e., perform multiple requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.
-n requests
Numberof requests to perform for the benchmarking session. The default is tojust perform a single request which usually leads to non-representativebenchmarking results.
-p POST-file
File containing data to POST.
-P proxy-auth-username:password
Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The username and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the proxy needs it (i.e., has sent an 407 proxy authentication needed).
-q
When processing more than 150 requests, ab outputs a progress count on stderr every 10% or 100 requests or so. The -q flag will suppress these messages.
-s
When compiled in (ab -h will show you) use the SSL protected https rather than the http protocol. This feature is experimental and veryrudimentary. You probably do not want to use it.
-S
Donot display the median and standard deviation values, nor display thewarning/error messages when the average and median are more than one ortwo times the standard deviation apart. And default to the min/avg/maxvalues. (legacy support).
-t timelimit
Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. This implies a -n 50000 internally. Use this to benchmark the server within a fixed total amount of time. Per default there is no timelimit.
-T content-type
Content-type header to use for POST data.
-v verbosity
Set verbosity level - 4 and above prints information on headers, 3 and above prints response codes (404, 200, etc.), 2 and above prints warnings and info.
-V
Display version number and exit.
-w
Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columns wide, with a white background.
-x <table>-attributes
String to use as attributes for <table>. Attributes are inserted <table here >.
-X proxy[:port]
Use a proxy server for the requests.
-y <tr>-attributes
String to use as attributes for <tr>.
-z <td>-attributes
String to use as attributes for <td>.
 
相关链接
ab 是 Apache 的一个安装组件，所以需要下载 Apache 安装后才能使用，可以访问 Apache 的项目主页来下载http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
ab 的更多信息可以参加 Apache 主页上的描述
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/ab.html