数据库ORACLE基本语句集锦

6543 · 发表于 2017-1-16 18:06:00

--建表FAMILYINF

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CREATE  TABLE  FAMILYINFO(
   FNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT FC001 PRIMARY KEY,--把字段fno约束为主键
   FNAME VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT FC002 NOT NULL,--把字段FNAME的约束条件设为“不能为空”
   SEX VARCHAR2(20) DEFAULT 'MALE'CONSTRAINT FC003 CHECK(SEX IN('MALE','FEMALE'))

,--把字段’SEX‘的约束条件设为’性别默认条件下为’MALE‘，如果自己填写只能填写’MALE‘或’FEMALE‘

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   FAGE NUMBER,
   REL VARCHAR2(20),--家庭成员关系字段
   HOBITNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT FC004 REFERENCES HOBITINFO(HNO) ON DELETE SET NULL);

--约束条件设为，表’HOBITINFO‘中字段’HNo‘的外键，删除引用表中字段时，设为空值

--建兴趣表HOBITINF

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CREATE TABLE HOBITINFO(
HNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT HC001 PRIMARY KEY, --将‘ HNO’设为主键
HNAME VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT HC002 NOT NULL--将‘HNAME’约束条件设为‘不能为空’
);

--删除表HOBITINFO

1	DROP TABLE HOBITINFO;

--添加信息

1 2	INSERT INTO HOBITINFO VALUES(1,'MOVIE'); INSERT INTO HOBITINFO VALUES(2,'CG');;

--DDL ALTER TABLE (修改表)

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ALTER TABLE FAMILYINFO RENAME TO PCFAMILY;--将FAMILYINFO的表名重命名为PCFAMILY
ALTER TABLE PCFAMILY ADD(--添加列即字段及其属性
HEIGH VARCHAR2(5)，
SX VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT PC002 NOT NULL--字段SX创建“不能为空”的约束条件
);
ALTER TABLE PCFAMILY MODIFY(--修改字段的属性
HEIGH CHAR(20)
);
ALTER TABLE PCFAMILY DROP COLUMN HEIGH;--删除字段HEIGH
ALTER TABLE PCFAMILY RENAME COLUMN SX TO SX1;--修改约束字段名
ALTER TABLE PCFAMILY DROP COLUMN SX1;--删除约束字段
--DDL 之 DROP TABLE(删除表)
DROP TABLE HOBITINFO CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
--DDL 之 TRUNCATE TABLE 清空表记录
TRUNCATE TABLE PCFAMILY;

--DML 之 INSERT(插入，添加记录）

INSERT INTO PCFAMILY(FNO,SEX,FNAME,FAGE) VALUES(4,'NANE','LIU'||'DAYE',45+20);

--如果指定插入字段顺序，则values里的信息就要对照前面指定的字段填写

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INSERT INTO PCFAMILY VALUES();
--学生表
CREATE TABLE STUDENT(
SNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT SC001 PRIMARY KEY,
SNAME VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT SC002 NOT NULL,
SSEX VARCHAR(10) CONSTRAINT S003 CHECK(SSEX IN ('M','F'))
);

--老师表

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CREATE TABLE TEACHER(
TNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT TC001 PRIMARY KEY,
TNAME VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT TC002 NOT NULL
);

--课程表

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CREATE TABLE COURSE(
   CNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT CC001 PRIMARY KEY,
   CNAME VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT CC002 NOT NULL,
   TNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT CC003 REFERENCES TEACHER(TNO)

);

--成绩表

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CREATE TABLE SCORE(
   SNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT SSC001 REFERENCES STUDENT(SNO),
   CNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT SSC002 REFERENCES COURSE(CNO),
   GRADE VARCHAR2(20),
   CONSTRAINT SSC003 PRIMARY KEY(SNO,CNO)
);

--查询表是否建立成功已经存在

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SELECT * FROM STUDENT;
SELECT * FROM TEACHER;
SELECT * FROM COURSE;
SELECT * FROM SCORE;

DROP TABLE STUDENT;
DROP TABLE TEACHER;
DROP TABLE COURSE;
DROP TABLE SCORE;

INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(1,'aaaa','M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(2,'bbbb','M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(3,'cccc','F');
INSERT INTO TEACHER VALUES(1,'AAAA');
INSERT INTO TEACHER VALUES(2,'BBBB');
INSERT INTO TEACHER VALUES(3,'CCCC');
INSERT INTO COURSE VALUES(1,'yw',2);
INSERT INTO COURSE VALUES(2,'sx',3);
INSERT INTO COURSE VALUES(3,'yy',2);
INSERT INTO SCORE VALUES(1,2,89);
INSERT INTO SCORE VALUES(2,3,120);
INSERT INTO SCORE VALUES(3,1,110);
--DML 之UPDATE
UPDATE SCORE SET GRADE=GRADE-1;
UPDATE SCORE SET GRADE=GRADE+1 WHERE SNO=2;
UPDATE SCORE SET GRADE=GRADE+1 WHERE SNO=2 AND CNO=3;

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DROP删除为物理删除，delete删除为逻辑删除。

-- DQL 之 SELECT

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SELECT CHR(107) HAHA FROM DUAL;
SELECT CURRENT_DATE FROM DUAL;
SELECT TRUNC(ABS(MONTHS_BETWEEN(DATE'1998-08-08',CURRENT_DATE)/12)) AGE FROM DUAL;
SELECT SNO AS 学号, SNAME 学生姓名 FROM STUDENT;
SELECT ALL SSEX FROM STUDENT;
SELECT DISTINCT SSEX FROM STUDENT;
SELECT UNIQUE SSEX FROM STUDENT;
SELECT * FROM SCORE WHERE GRADE < 60;
SELECT ROWID,ROWNUM,STUDENT.* FROM STUDENT;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE ROWNUM = 1;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE ROWNUM <= 2;
SELECT * FROM (SELECT ROWNUM AS RN,STUDENT.* FROM STUDENT) WHERE RN = 2;
SELECT CNO,AVG(GRADE) FROM SCORE GROUP BY CNO;
SELECT CNO,AVG(GRADE) FROM SCORE GROUP BY CNO HAVING AVG(GRADE) > 80;
SELECT SSEX,COUNT(SNO) FROM STUDENT GROUP BY SSEX;
SELECT SNO FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001' AND GRADE = (SELECT MAX(GRADE) FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001');
SELECT SNO FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001' AND GRADE >= ALL(SELECT GRADE FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001');
SELECT * FROM SCORE ORDER BY CNO ASC,GRADE DESC;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT,SCORE WHERE STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO;
SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT,SCORE
WHERE STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO AND CNO = 'C001' AND GRADE = (SELECT MAX(GRADE) FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001');
SELECT * FROM STUDENT INNER JOIN SCORE ON STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT INNER JOIN SCORE USING(SNO);
SELECT * FROM STUDENT CROSS JOIN SCORE WHERE STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT NATURAL INNER JOIN SCORE;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT LEFT OUTER JOIN SCORE ON STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT RIGHT OUTER JOIN SCORE USING(SNO);
SELECT * FROM STUDENT FULL OUTER JOIN SCORE USING(SNO);

-- 查询考试不及格的学生姓名和挂科的科目名称

SELECT SNAME,CNAME
FROM (SCORE LEFT JOIN STUDENT USING(SNO))
   LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(CNO)
WHERE GRADE < 60;

-- 查询所有java考试成绩高于平均分的学生的姓名和成绩
SELECT SNAME,GRADE
FROM (SCORE LEFT JOIN STUDENT USING(SNO))
   LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(CNO)
WHERE CNAME = 'JAVA'
AND GRADE > (
SELECT AVG(GRADE) FROM SCORE LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(CNO)
WHERE CNAME = 'JAVA'
);
select * from (SELECT  *  from test RIGHT JOIN t_grade  using(ID) )  a  where `数学` > 90

-- 查询同时参加了C001和C002科目考试的学生编号
SELECT SNO FROM
(SELECT SNO,CNO FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001')
INNER JOIN
(SELECT SNO,CNO FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C002')
USING(SNO);

-- 查询lili同学参加的所有科目考试中成绩最高的那门科目的授课老师名字
SELECT TNAME,CNAME FROM
TEACHER LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(TNO)
WHERE CNO IN (
   SELECT CNO FROM
   SCORE LEFT JOIN STUDENT USING(SNO)
   WHERE SNAME = 'LILI'
   AND GRADE = ( SELECT MAX(GRADE) FROM
                  SCORE LEFT JOIN STUDENT USING(SNO)
                  WHERE SNAME = 'LILI'
   )
);

-- 查询库存目前还有多少
CREATE TABLE CLOTHER_STORE(
CTYPE VARCHAR2(10),
STORENUM NUMBER
);
CREATE TABLE CLOTHER_SALE(
CTYPE VARCHAR2(10),
SALENUM NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO CLOTHER_STORE VALUES('T-SHIRT',600);
INSERT INTO CLOTHER_STORE VALUES('COAT',700);
INSERT INTO CLOTHER_SALE VALUES('T-SHIRT',140);
INSERT INTO CLOTHER_SALE VALUES('T-SHIRT',165);
INSERT INTO CLOTHER_SALE VALUES('COAT',90);
INSERT INTO CLOTHER_SALE VALUES('COAT',78);
SELECT CTYPE,STORENUM-SNUM AS KCSY FROM
CLOTHER_STORE LEFT JOIN
(SELECT CTYPE,SUM(SALENUM) SNUM FROM CLOTHER_SALE GROUP BY CTYPE)
USING(CTYPE);

-- 切换到scott用户
SELECT * FROM EMP;
SELECT * FROM DEPT;

-----------------------------华丽分割线-----------------------------------

以下是SQL练习内容

--1．列出至少有一个员工的所有部门。

1 2	SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO,DNAME FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO);

--2．列出薪金比"SMITH"多的所有员工。

1	SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > (SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE ENAME = 'SMITH');

--3．列出所有员工的姓名及其直接上级的姓名。

1 2	SELECT E.ENAME 员工姓名,B.ENAME 上级姓名 FROM EMP E LEFT JOIN EMP B ON E.MGR = B.EMPNO;

--4．列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工。

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SELECT E.ENAME 员工姓名,E.HIREDATE 员工受雇日期,B.ENAME 上级姓名,B.HIREDATE 上级受雇日期
FROM EMP E LEFT JOIN EMP B ON E.MGR = B.EMPNO
WHERE E.HIREDATE < B.HIREDATE;

--5．列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息，同时列出那些没有员工的部门。

1	SELECT DNAME,EMP.* FROM EMP RIGHT JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO = DEPT.DEPTNO;

--6．列出所有"CLERK"（办事员）的姓名及其部门名称。

1	SELECT ENAME,DNAME FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO) WHERE JOB = 'CLERK';

--7．列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作。

1	SELECT JOB FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB HAVING MIN(SAL) > 1500;

--8．列出在部门"SALES"（销售部）工作的员工的姓名，假定不知道销售部的部门编号。

1	SELECT ENAME FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO) WHERE DNAME = 'SALES';

--9．列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工。

1	SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > (SELECT AVG(SAL) FROM EMP);

--10．列出与"SCOTT"从事相同工作的所有员工。

1	SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB = (SELECT JOB FROM EMP WHERE ENAME = 'SCOTT') AND ENAME <> 'SCOTT';

--11．列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。

SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL = ANY(SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = 30) AND DEPTNO <> 30;

--12．列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金。

1	SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL > ALL(SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = 30) AND DEPTNO

<> 30;

--13．列出在每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资和平均服务期限。

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SELECT DEPTNO,COUNT(EMPNO) 员工数量,ROUND(AVG(SAL),2) 平均工资,
ROUND(AVG(MONTHS_BETWEEN(CURRENT_DATE,HIREDATE))/12,2) 平均服务年限
FROM EMP RIGHT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO)
GROUP BY DEPTNO;

--14．列出所有员工的姓名、部门名称和工资。

1	SELECT ENAME,DNAME,SAL FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO);

--15．列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数。

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SELECT DEPT.DEPTNO,DNAME,LOC,COUNT(EMPNO) FROM
DEPT LEFT JOIN EMP ON EMP.DEPTNO = DEPT.DEPTNO
GROUP BY DEPT.DEPTNO,DNAME,LOC;

--16．列出各种工作的最低工资。

1	SELECT JOB,MIN(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB;

--17．列出各个部门的MANAGER（经理）的最低薪金。

1	SELECT MIN(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE JOB = 'MANAGER';

--18．列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序。

1	SELECT ENAME,SAL*12+NVL(COMM,0) 年薪 FROM EMP ORDER BY 年薪;

--19．列出经理人的名字。

1	SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE JOB = 'MANAGER' OR JOB = 'PRESIDENT';

--20．不用组函数，求出薪水的最大值。

1	SELECT SAL FROM (SELECT SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY SAL DESC) WHERE ROWNUM = 1;

--21．列出薪资第2高到第8高的员工。

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SELECT SAL FROM(
SELECT ROWNUM RN,SAL FROM
(SELECT SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY SAL DESC))
WHERE RN >= 2 AND RN <= 8;

-- 切换回普通用户

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-- union, INTERSECT,MINUS
CREATE TABLE A1 (
V1 NUMBER,
V2 VARCHAR2(10)
);
CREATE TABLE A2 (
V3 NUMBER,
V4 VARCHAR2(10),
V5 VARCHAR2(10)
);
INSERT INTO A1 VALUES(10,'A001');
INSERT INTO A1 VALUES(11,'A002');
INSERT INTO A2 VALUES(10,'A001','HAHA');
INSERT INTO A2 VALUES(12,'A003','HEIHEI');
INSERT INTO A2 VALUES(13,'A004','HOHO');
SELECT * FROM A1 UNION (SELECT V3，V4 FROM A2);
SELECT * FROM A1 UNION ALL (SELECT V3，V4 FROM A2);
SELECT * FROM A1 INTERSECT (SELECT V3，V4 FROM A2);
SELECT * FROM A1 MINUS (SELECT V3，V4 FROM A2);

-- 带锁查询

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UPDATE CLOTHER_STORE SET STORENUM = 600 WHERE CTYPE = 'T-SHIRT';
SELECT * FROM CLOTHER_STORE FOR UPDATE WAIT 5;
UPDATE CLOTHER_STORE SET STORENUM = STORENUM - 400 WHERE CTYPE = 'T-SHIRT';
-- DCL 之 COMMIT
SELECT * FROM STUDENT;
DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE SNO = 'S011';
COMMIT;
-- DCL 之 ROLLBACK 和 SAVEPOINT
SELECT * FROM CLOTHER_SALE;
UPDATE CLOTHER_SALE SET SALENUM = SALENUM + 10;
ROLLBACK;
UPDATE CLOTHER_SALE SET SALENUM = SALENUM + 10;
SAVEPOINT CPD;
UPDATE CLOTHER_SALE SET SALENUM = SALENUM + 10;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT CPD;
-- DCL 之 GRANT
GRANT CREATE VIEW TO LUYY124;
GRANT UPDATE ANY TABLE TO LUYY124;
-- DDL 之 REVOKE
REVOKE CREATE VIEW FROM LUYY124;
-- CREATE VIEW
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW STUDENT_VIEW AS
SELECT * FROM (STUDENT LEFT JOIN SCORE USING(SNO)) LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(CNO);
SELECT * FROM STUDENT_VIEW;
SELECT SNAME,CNAME FROM STUDENT_VIEW WHERE GRADE < 60;
SELECT * FROM SCORE;
UPDATE SCORE SET GRADE = GRADE + 1 WHERE SNO = 'S001' AND CNO = 'C001';
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW STUDENT_VIEW AS SELECT * FROM SCORE;
UPDATE STUDENT_VIEW SET GRADE = GRADE - 1 WHERE SNO = 'S001' AND CNO = 'C001';
-- CREATE INDEX
CREATE INDEX SNAME_INDEX ON STUDENT(SNAME ASC) ;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE SNAME = 'LILI';
DROP INDEX SNAME_INDEX;

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