Tomcat集群配置笔记 ( by quqi99 ) 作者：张华 发表于：2011-04-06 ( http://blog.csdn.net/quqi99 ) 一. 环境说明 1. 服务器3 台，一台安装apache 服务，两台安装tomcat 2. 使用到的各个组件及下载地址：apache_2.2.11-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi tomcat6 压缩版http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi apache 的JK 连接器（Windows 版本），作为apache 的一个module ，网站同时提供了配置文件的使用方法mod_jk-1.2.28-httpd-2.2.3.so http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/binaries/win32/jk-1.2.28/ 3.ip 配置apache 的ip 为192.168.1.50 ，两台安装tomcat 的ip 分别为192.168.1.24 和192.168.1.52 （根据各自情况分配）二．安装过程 1. 在两台安装tomcat 的机器上安装jdk6 （至少jdk5 ）2. 配置jdk 的安装路径, 在环境变量path 中加入jdk 的bin 路径, 新建环境变量JAVA_HOME 指向jdk 的安装路径3. 安装tomcat ，并测试tomcat 的启动是否正常http://192.168.1.24:8080 http://192.168.1.50:8080 三．负载均衡配置过程 1. 在192.168.1.50 机器上安装apache 服务，我的安装路径默认为：D:/ProgramFiles/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2 2. 安装完成后测试能否正常启动,http://192.168.1.50 ，如图所示：
3. 将mod_jk-1.2.28-httpd-2.2.3.so 拷贝到apache 的modules 目录下2. 修改apache 的配置文件httpd.cof ，在最后加上下面这段话：LoadModulejk_module modules/mod_jk-1.2.28-httpd-2.2.3.so # 载入jk 连接器JkWorkersFileconf/workers.properties # 设置负载均衡的配置文件，即定义均衡规则JkLogFilelogs/mod_jk.log # 指定日志文件JkLogLeveldebug # 指定日志级别# 配置apache 将哪些请求转发给JK 进行均衡JkMount/*.jsp loadbalancer JkMount/test/* loadbalancer 3. 分别修改两个tomcat 的配置文件conf/server.xml 文件<!--An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes everyrequest. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzesthe HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them onto the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentationat /docs/config/engine.html --> <!--You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Enginename="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Enginename="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <!--An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes everyrequest. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzesthe HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them onto the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentationat /docs/config/engine.html --> <!--You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : --> <Enginename="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"jvmRoute="node1"> <Enginename="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" > jvmRoute="jvm1" 分别修改为jvmRoute="node1" 和jvmRoute="node2" 4. 在apache 的conf 目录下创建workers.property 文件，输入以下内容：#fine the communication channel # 定义负载均衡的所有主机名，和前面tomcat 配置文件的JVMroute 属性相对应# 其中的loadbalancer 是虚拟的主机，负责负载均衡，姑且当成是apache 本身worker.list=node1,node2,loadbalancer #node1 使用AJP 与JK 通讯worker.node1.port=8009# 工作端口，若没占用则不用修改worker.node1.host=192.168.1.24# node1 的地址为localhost ，如果tomcat 在其他服务器则输入该服务器的地址worker.node1.type=ajp13# 类型worker.node1.lbfactor=100# 负载平衡因数worker.node2.port=9009# 工作端口，若没占用则不用修改worker.node2.host=192.168.1.52#node2 服务器的地址worker.node2.type=ajp13# 类型worker.node2.lbfactor=100# 负载因子，值越大则JK 分发到此tomcat 的负荷越多# 定义loadbalancer 类型为“负载均衡器（lb ）”worker.loadbalancer.type=lb # 定义loadbalancer 进行负载均衡的对象worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers=node1,node2 worker.loadbalancer.sticky_session=false worker.loadbalancer.sticky_session_force=false 5. 在两个tomcat 的安装目录中的webapps 建立相同的应用，我的应用名为test ，在两个应用目录中建立相同WEB-INF 目录和页面test.jsp 的页面内容如下<%@ page language = "java" contentType = "text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding = "GBK" %> <! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > < html > < head > < meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1" > < title > helloapp </ title > </ head > < body > <% System.out.println( "calltest.jsp" ); // 在Tomcat 控制台上打印一些跟踪数据 %> SessionID: <%= session.getId() %> </ body > </ html > 6. apache tomcat http://192.168.1.50/test/test.jsp , 四．集群配置 1. 负载均衡的条件下配置tomcat 集群2 ．分别修改两个tomcat 的配置文件conf/server.xml, 修改内容如下<!-- <ClusterclassName="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> 修改后： < Cluster className = "org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions = "8" > < Manager className = "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown = "false" notifyListenersOnReplication = "true" /> < Channel className = "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel" > < Membership className = "org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" bind = "192.168.1.100" address = "228.0.0.4" port = "45564" frequency = "500" dropTime = "3000" /> < Receiver className = "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address = "auto" port = "4000" autoBind = "100" selectorTimeout = "5000" maxThreads = "6" /> < Sender className = "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter" > < Transport className = "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" /> </ Sender > < Interceptor className = "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector" /> < Interceptor className = "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor" /> </ Channel > < Valve className = "org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter = "" /> < Valve className = "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve" /> < Deployer className = "org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir = "/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir = "/tmp/war-deploy/" watchDir = "/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled = "false" /> < ClusterListener className = "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" /> < ClusterListener className = "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" /> </ Cluster > 注意：bind 是tomcat 服务器所在的机器的ip 地址 3. 重启两个tomcat ，到此tomcat 的集群配置完成五．应用配置 tomcat 目录下的webapps 中的应用中的WEB-INF 中的web.xml 文件要添加如下一句配置<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < web-app id = "WebApp_ID" version = "2.4" xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" > < display-name > test </ display-name > < distributable /> < welcome-file-list > < welcome-file > index. html </ welcome-file > < welcome-file > index. htm </ welcome-file > < welcome-file > index. jsp </ welcome-file > < welcome-file > default. html </ welcome-file > < welcome-file > default. htm </ welcome-file > < welcome-file > default. jsp </ welcome-file > </ welcome-file-list > </ web-app > 六．测试集群 apache 服务器和两个tomcat 服务器，输入地址：http://192.168.1.50/test/test.jsp
sessionID 不变，则集群配置成功
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