使用JMX监控Tomcat（监控应用服务器系列文章）

lichengcom2009

　　前言：做了一个监控应用服务器的项目（支持Tocmat、WebSphere、WebLogic各版本）， 过程也算是磕磕绊绊，由于网上缺少相关资料，或者深陷于知识的海洋难以寻觅到有效的资料，因而走过不少弯路，遇过不少困难。为了留下点印记，给后来人留下 点经验之谈，助之少走弯路，故将这些经验整理出来，与大家分享。水平有限，难免疏漏，还望指正。如有疑问，欢迎留言，或者加入Q群参与讨 论：35526521。
　　一、激活Tomcat的JMX远程配置
　　要通过JMX远程监控Tomcat，首先需要激活Tomcat的JMX远程配置。
　　① 先修改Tomcat的启动脚本，windows下为bin/catalina.bat（linux下为catalina.sh），添加以下内容，8999是jmxremote使用的端口号，第二个false表示不需要鉴权：

set JMX_REMOTE_CONFIG=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
set CATALINA_OPTS=%CATALINA_OPTS% %JMX_REMOTE_CONFIG%
　　要注意以上语句的位置不能太后面，可以加在【if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal】一句后的大段的注释后面。
　　参考官方说明：
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/monitoring.html#Enabling_JMX_Remote
　　② 上面的配置是不需要鉴权的，如果需要鉴权则添加的内容为：

set JMX_REMOTE_CONFIG=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=../conf/jmxremote.password -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=../conf/jmxremote.access
set CATALINA_OPTS=%CATALINA_OPTS% %JMX_REMOTE_CONFIG%
　　③ 然后复制并修改授权文件
$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/management下有jmxremote.access和jmxremote.password的模板文件，将两个文件复制到$CATALINA_BASE/conf目录下

　　◆ 修改$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.access 添加内容：
     monitorRole readonly
     controlRole readwrite
◆ 修改$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.password 添加内容：
     monitorRole chenfeng
     controlRole chenfeng
　　注意： 如果进行了以上步骤导致Tomcat启动不了，那么很可能是密码文件的权限问题

需要修改jmxremote.password文件的访问权限，只有运行Tomcat的用户才能拥有访问权限 ：
      Windows的NTFS文件系统下，选中文件，点右键 -->“属性”-->“安全”--> 点“高级”--> 点“更改权限”--> 去掉“从父项继承....”--> 弹出窗口中选“删除”，这样就删除了所有访问权限。再选“添加”--> “高级”--> “立即查找”，选中你的用户（或用户组，如果选用户不行那就选用户组），例administrator，点“确定"，“确定"。来到权限项目窗口，勾选“完全控制”，点“确定”，OK了。

官方的提示：
      The password file should be read-only and only accessible by the operating system user Tomcat is running as.
　　 
　　④ 重新启动Tomcat，在Windows命令行输入“netstat -a”查看配置的端口号是否已打开，如果打开，说明上面的配置成功了。
　　 
　　⑤ 使用jconsole测试JMX。
　　运行$JAVA_HOME/bin目录下的jconsole.exe，打开J2SE监视和管理控制台，然后建立连接，如果是本地的Tomcat则直接选择然后点击连接，如果是远程的，则进入远程选项卡，填写地址、端口号、用户名、口令即可连接。。Mbean属性页中给出了相应的数据，Catalina中是tomcat的，java.lang是jvm的。对于加粗的黑体属性值，需双击一下才可看内容。
　　二、使用JMX监控Tomcat示例代码

String jmxURL = "service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://192.168.10.93:8999/jmxrmi";
JMXServiceURL serviceURL = new JMXServiceURL(jmxURL);
Map map = new HashMap();
// 用户名密码，在jmxremote.password文件中查看
String[] credentials = new String[] { "monitorRole", "tomcat" };
map.put("jmx.remote.credentials", credentials);
JMXConnector connector = JMXConnectorFactory.connect(serviceURL, map);
MBeanServerConnection mbsc = connector.getMBeanServerConnection();
// 端口最好是动态取得
ObjectName threadObjName = new ObjectName("Catalina:type=ThreadPool,name=http-8080");
MBeanInfo mbInfo = mbsc.getMBeanInfo(threadObjName);
// tomcat的线程数对应的属性值
String attrName = "currentThreadCount";
MBeanAttributeInfo[] mbAttributes = mbInfo.getAttributes();
System.out.println("currentThreadCount:" + mbsc.getAttribute(threadObjName, attrName));

　　三、完整的示例代码文件

import java.lang.management.MemoryUsage;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Formatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.management.MBeanAttributeInfo;
import javax.management.MBeanInfo;
import javax.management.MBeanServerConnection;
import javax.management.ObjectInstance;
import javax.management.ObjectName;
import javax.management.openmbean.CompositeDataSupport;
import javax.management.remote.JMXConnector;
import javax.management.remote.JMXConnectorFactory;
import javax.management.remote.JMXServiceURL;
public class JMXTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String jmxURL = "service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://127.0.0.1:8999/jmxrmi";
JMXServiceURL serviceURL = new JMXServiceURL(jmxURL);
Map map = new HashMap();
String[] credentials = new String[] { "monitorRole", "tomcat" };
map.put("jmx.remote.credentials", credentials);
JMXConnector connector = JMXConnectorFactory.connect(serviceURL,
map);
MBeanServerConnection mbsc = connector.getMBeanServerConnection();
// 端口最好是动态取得
ObjectName threadObjName = new ObjectName(
"Catalina:type=ThreadPool,name=http-8080");
MBeanInfo mbInfo = mbsc.getMBeanInfo(threadObjName);
String attrName = "currentThreadCount";// tomcat的线程数对应的属性值
MBeanAttributeInfo[] mbAttributes = mbInfo.getAttributes();
System.out.println("currentThreadCount:"
+ mbsc.getAttribute(threadObjName, attrName));
// heap
for (int j = 0; j < mbsc.getDomains().length; j++) {
System.out.println("###########" + mbsc.getDomains()[j]);
}
Set MBeanset = mbsc.queryMBeans(null, null);
System.out.println("MBeanset.size() : " + MBeanset.size());
Iterator MBeansetIterator = MBeanset.iterator();
while (MBeansetIterator.hasNext()) {
ObjectInstance objectInstance = (ObjectInstance) MBeansetIterator
.next();
ObjectName objectName = objectInstance.getObjectName();
String canonicalName = objectName.getCanonicalName();
System.out.println("canonicalName : " + canonicalName);
if (canonicalName
.equals("Catalina:host=localhost,type=Cluster")) {
// Get details of cluster MBeans
System.out.println("Cluster MBeans Details:");
System.out
.println("=========================================");
// getMBeansDetails(canonicalName);
String canonicalKeyPropList = objectName
.getCanonicalKeyPropertyListString();
}
}
// ------------------------- system ----------------------
ObjectName runtimeObjName = new ObjectName("java.lang:type=Runtime");
System.out.println("厂商:"
+ (String) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName, "VmVendor"));
System.out.println("程序:"
+ (String) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName, "VmName"));
System.out.println("版本:"
+ (String) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName, "VmVersion"));
Date starttime = new Date((Long) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName,
"StartTime"));
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("启动时间:" + df.format(starttime));
Long timespan = (Long) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName, "Uptime");
System.out.println("连续工作时间:" + JMXTest.formatTimeSpan(timespan));
// ------------------------ JVM -------------------------
// 堆使用率
ObjectName heapObjName = new ObjectName("java.lang:type=Memory");
MemoryUsage heapMemoryUsage = MemoryUsage
.from((CompositeDataSupport) mbsc.getAttribute(heapObjName,
"HeapMemoryUsage"));
long maxMemory = heapMemoryUsage.getMax();// 堆最大
long commitMemory = heapMemoryUsage.getCommitted();// 堆当前分配
long usedMemory = heapMemoryUsage.getUsed();
System.out.println("heap:" + (double) usedMemory * 100
/ commitMemory + "%");// 堆使用率
MemoryUsage nonheapMemoryUsage = MemoryUsage
.from((CompositeDataSupport) mbsc.getAttribute(heapObjName,
"NonHeapMemoryUsage"));
long noncommitMemory = nonheapMemoryUsage.getCommitted();
long nonusedMemory = heapMemoryUsage.getUsed();
System.out.println("nonheap:" + (double) nonusedMemory * 100
/ noncommitMemory + "%");
ObjectName permObjName = new ObjectName(
"java.lang:type=MemoryPool,name=Perm Gen");
MemoryUsage permGenUsage = MemoryUsage
.from((CompositeDataSupport) mbsc.getAttribute(permObjName,
"Usage"));
long committed = permGenUsage.getCommitted();// 持久堆大小
long used = heapMemoryUsage.getUsed();//
System.out.println("perm gen:" + (double) used * 100 / committed
+ "%");// 持久堆使用率
// -------------------- Session ---------------
ObjectName managerObjName = new ObjectName(
"Catalina:type=Manager,*");
Set<ObjectName> s = mbsc.queryNames(managerObjName, null);
for (ObjectName obj : s) {
System.out.println("应用名:" + obj.getKeyProperty("path"));
ObjectName objname = new ObjectName(obj.getCanonicalName());
System.out.println("最大会话数:"
+ mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "maxActiveSessions"));
System.out.println("会话数:"
+ mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "activeSessions"));
System.out.println("活动会话数:"
+ mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "sessionCounter"));
}
// ----------------- Thread Pool ----------------
ObjectName threadpoolObjName = new ObjectName(
"Catalina:type=ThreadPool,*");
Set<ObjectName> s2 = mbsc.queryNames(threadpoolObjName, null);
for (ObjectName obj : s2) {
System.out.println("端口名:" + obj.getKeyProperty("name"));
ObjectName objname = new ObjectName(obj.getCanonicalName());
System.out.println("最大线程数:"
+ mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "maxThreads"));
System.out.println("当前线程数:"
+ mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "currentThreadCount"));
System.out.println("繁忙线程数:"
+ mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "currentThreadsBusy"));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static String formatTimeSpan(long span) {
long minseconds = span % 1000;
span = span / 1000;
long seconds = span % 60;
span = span / 60;
long mins = span % 60;
span = span / 60;
long hours = span % 24;
span = span / 24;
long days = span;
return (new Formatter()).format("%1$d天 %2$02d:%3$02d:%4$02d.%5$03d",
days, hours, mins, seconds, minseconds).toString();
}
}