|
|
玩转单元测试之WireMock -- Web服务模拟器
WireMock 是一个灵活的库用于 Web 服务测试，和其他测试工具不同的是，WireMock 创建一个实际的 HTTP服务器来运行你的 Web 服务以方便测试。
它支持 HTTP 响应存根、请求验证、代理/拦截、记录和回放， 并且可以在单元测试下使用或者部署到测试环境。
它可以用在哪些场景下：
- 测试移动应用依赖于第三方REST APIs
- 创建快速原型的APIs
- 注入否则难于模拟第三方服务中的错误
- 任何单元测试的代码依赖于web服务的
目录
前提条件
Maven配置
准备工作
Examples
Troubleshooting
参考
前提条件
Maven配置
pom里添加以下的dependencies
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
<artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
<version>1.53</version>
<classifier>standalone</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8</version>
</dependency>
如果有依赖冲突，可以exclued 掉冲突的依赖， 配置如下
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
<artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
<version>1.53</version>
<!-- Include everything below here if you have dependency conflicts -->
<classifier>standalone</classifier>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.skyscreamer</groupId>
<artifactId>jsonassert</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>xmlunit</groupId>
<artifactId>xmlunit</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
<artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>net.sf.jopt-simple</groupId>
<artifactId>jopt-simple</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
exclusions
准备工作
首先我写了一个类HTTPRequestor用来执行Http request访问Rest服务的， 然后我需要一个Rest服务来测试我写的类是否ok, 但我手上没有一个真实的Rest web service, 所以WireMock就可以出场了，模拟一个Rest web serivce来测试我这个类。
HTTPRequestor如下：
1 package com.demo.HttpRequestor;
2
3 import static com.jayway.restassured.RestAssured.given;
4
5 import java.util.HashMap;
6 import java.util.Map;
7
8 import org.slf4j.Logger;
9 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
10
11 import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;
12 import com.jayway.restassured.specification.RequestSpecification;
13
14 /**
15 * Wrapper for RestAssured. Perform an HTTP requests.
16 *
17 * @author wadexu
18 *
19 */
20 public class HTTPRequestor {
21
22 protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTTPRequestor.class);
23 private RequestSpecification reqSpec;
24
25
26 /**
27 * Constructor. Initializes the RequestSpecification (relaxedHTTPSValidation
28 * avoids certificate errors).
29 *
30 */
31 public HTTPRequestor() {
32 reqSpec = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation();
33 }
34
35 public HTTPRequestor(String proxy) {
36 reqSpec = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation().proxy(proxy);
37 }
38
39 /**
40 * Performs the request using the stored request data and then returns the response
41 *
42 * @param url
43 * @param method
44 * @param headers
45 * @param body
46 * @return response Response, will contain entire response (response string and status code).
47 * @throws Exception
48 */
49 public Response perform_request(String url, String method, HashMap<String, String> headers, String body) throws Exception {
50
51 Response response = null;
52
53 try {
54
55 for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry: headers.entrySet()) {
56 reqSpec.header(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
57 }
58
59 switch(method) {
60
61 case "GET": {
62 response = reqSpec.get(url);
63 break;
64 }
65 case "POST": {
66 response = reqSpec.body(body).post(url);
67 break;
68 }
69 case "PUT": {
70 response = reqSpec.body(body).put(url);
71 break;
72 }
73 case "DELETE": {
74 response = reqSpec.delete(url);
75 break;
76 }
77
78 default: {
79 logger.error("Unknown call type: [" + method + "]");
80 }
81 }
82
83 } catch (Exception e) {
84 logger.error("Problem performing request: ", e);
85 }
86
87 return response;
88 }
89 }
这个类是需要依赖 jayway 的 rest-assured包的
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jayway.restassured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Examples
新建一个测试类HTTPRequestorMockTest
new 一个 WireMockService 配置一下 然后启动
wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8090));
WireMock.configureFor("localhost", 8090);
wireMockServer.start();
在测试方法之前
创建存根, 指明是GET方法，URL路径, Header的内容，会返回什么样的Response
@BeforeTest
public void stubRequests() {
stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/cars/Chevy"))
.withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
.withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
.withStatus(200)
.withBody("{\"message\":\"Chevy car response body\"}")
)
);
}
##转载注明出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html
一切都模拟好了，接下来开始测试了，测试方法如下
@Test
public void test_Get_Method() {
String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Chevy";
String method = "GET";
String body = "";
HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
Response response = null;
try {
response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
} catch (Exception e) {
fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
}
assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
assertEquals("Chevy car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
}
上面的例子是GET，没有请求体，下面我们来看POST的例子
同理 创建存根
RequestBody假设为"Mini Cooper"
stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/cars/Mini"))
.withHeader("Authorization", equalTo("Basic d8d74jf82o929d"))
.withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
.withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
.withRequestBody(equalTo("Mini Cooper"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
.withStatus(200)
.withBody("{\"message\":\"Mini Cooper car response body\", \"success\":true}")
)
);
测试方法如下：
@Test
public void test_Post_Method() {
String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Mini";
String method = "POST";
String body = "Mini Cooper";
HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
headers.put("Authorization", "Basic d8d74jf82o929d");
headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
Response response = null;
try {
response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
} catch (Exception e) {
fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
}
assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
assertEquals("Mini Cooper car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
assertEquals(true, response.jsonPath().get("success"));
}
PUT 和 DELETE 都是一样的道理，有兴趣的读者可以自行练习。
测试结束之后 不要忘记tear down， 停掉WireMockServer
@AfterTest(alwaysRun=true)
public void tearDown() {
wireMockServer.stop();
wireMockServer.shutdown();
}
贴出我的整个测试类 (两个测试方法都需要同样的参数，所以可以用@DataProvider的方式来改进，我这里就不详细阐述了)
1 package com.demo.mocktest;
2
3 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse;
4 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.equalTo;
5 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.get;
6 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.post;
7 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.stubFor;
8 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlEqualTo;
9 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;
10 import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
11 import static org.testng.Assert.fail;
12
13 import java.util.HashMap;
14
15 import org.testng.ITest;
16 import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest;
17 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
18 import org.testng.annotations.Test;
19
20 import com.demo.HttpRequestor.HTTPRequestor;
21 import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.WireMockServer;
22 import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock;
23 import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;
24
25 public class HTTPRequestorMockTest implements ITest{
26
27 private WireMockServer wireMockServer;
28
29 @Override
30 public String getTestName() {
31 return "Mock Test";
32 }
33
34 public HTTPRequestorMockTest() {
35 wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8090));
36 WireMock.configureFor("localhost", 8090);
37 wireMockServer.start();
38 }
39
40 @BeforeTest
41 public void stubRequests() {
42 stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/cars/Chevy"))
43 .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
44 .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
45 .willReturn(aResponse()
46 .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
47 .withStatus(200)
48 .withBody("{\"message\":\"Chevy car response body\"}")
49 )
50 );
51
52 stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/cars/Mini"))
53 .withHeader("Authorization", equalTo("Basic d8d74jf82o929d"))
54 .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
55 .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
56 .withRequestBody(equalTo("Mini Cooper"))
57 .willReturn(aResponse()
58 .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
59 .withStatus(200)
60 .withBody("{\"message\":\"Mini Cooper car response body\", \"success\":true}")
61 )
62 );
63 }
64
65 @Test
66 public void test_Get_Method() {
67
68 String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Chevy";
69 String method = "GET";
70 String body = "";
71
72 HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
73 headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
74 headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
75
76
77 HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
78 Response response = null;
79
80 try {
81 response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
82 } catch (Exception e) {
83 fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
84 }
85
86 assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
87 assertEquals("Chevy car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
88
89 }
90
91 @Test
92 public void test_Post_Method() {
93
94 String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Mini";
95 String method = "POST";
96 String body = "Mini Cooper";
97
98 HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
99 headers.put("Authorization", "Basic d8d74jf82o929d");
100 headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
101 headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
102
103 HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
104 Response response = null;
105
106 try {
107 response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
108 } catch (Exception e) {
109 fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
110 }
111
112 assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
113 assertEquals("Mini Cooper car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
114 assertEquals(true, response.jsonPath().get("success"));
115
116 }
117
118 @AfterTest(alwaysRun=true)
119 public void tearDown() {
120 wireMockServer.stop();
121 wireMockServer.shutdown();
122 }
123
124 }
HTTPRequestorMockTest ##转载注明出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html
Run as TestNG
测试结果如下：
PASSED: Mock Test
PASSED: Mock Test
===============================================
Default test
Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.JUnitReportReporter@26b923ee: 7 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by [TestListenerAdapter] Passed:0 Failed:0 Skipped:0]: 1 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.EmailableReporter@512f0124: 5 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.XMLReporter@5a4ec51c: 7 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.SuiteHTMLReporter@5706937e: 31 ms
Troubleshooting
HTTPRequestor类第59行 报错Cannot switch on a value of type String for source level below 1.7. Only convertible int values or enum constants are permitted
--- Java Build Path 设置 JRE System library 1.7 以上
Static import 如下：
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.equalTo;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.get;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.post;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.stubFor;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlEqualTo;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;
参考
官方文档：http://wiremock.org/
感谢阅读，如果您觉得本文的内容对您的学习有所帮助，您可以点击右下方的推荐按钮，您的鼓励是我创作的动力。
##转载注明出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html |
|
QQ群⑧：
窥视卡
雷达卡
发表于 2017-3-1 08:41:36
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
千斤顶
显身卡