转摘memcache

q986 · 发表于 2017-4-15 10:04:52

一、概念

Memcached是danga.com（运营LiveJournal的技术团队）开发的一套分布式内存对象缓存系统，用于在动态系统中减少数据库负载，提升性能。

二、适用场合

1. 分布式应用。由于memcached本身基于分布式的系统，所以尤其适合大型的分布式系统。

2. 数据库前段缓存。数据库常常是网站系统的瓶颈。数据库的大并发量访问，常常造成网站内存溢出。当然我们也可以使用Hibernate的缓存机制。但memcached是基于分布式的，并可独立于网站应用本身，所以更适合大型网站进行应用的拆分。

3. 服务器间数据共享。举例来讲，我们将网站的登录系统、查询系统拆分为两个应用，放在不同的服务器上，并进行集群，那这个时候用户登录后，登录信息如何从登录系统服务器同步到查询系统服务器呢？这时候，我们便可以使用memcached，登录系统将登录信息缓存起来，查询系统便可以获得登录信息，就像获取本地信息一样。

三、不适用场合

那些不需要“分布”的，不需要共享的，或者干脆规模小到只有一台服务器的应用，memcached不会带来任何好处，相反还会拖慢系统效率，因为网络连接同样需要资源

四、安装

这里介绍windows环境的安装。

1. 下载memcache的windows稳定版，解压放某个盘下面，比如在c:\memcached

2. 在cmd下输入 'c:\memcached\memcached.exe -d install' 安装

3. 再输入： 'c:\memcached\memcached.exe -d start' 启动。

以后memcached将作为windows的一个服务每次开机时自动启动。这样服务器端已经安装完毕了。

五、客户端

Memcached本身是使用C开发的，客户端可以是php、C#、或者java。我是做java的，所以这里只介绍基于java的客户端。

我在网上看到基于java的客户端有两个

1. java_memcached-release_2.6.3

1) 简介

这是比较通用的Memcached客户端框架。具体原创不详。

2) 依赖的jar

A. commons-pool-1.5.6.jar

B. java_memcached-release_2.6.3.jar

C. slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar

D. slf4j-simple-1.6.1.jar

2. alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1

1) 简介

这个东东是阿里软件的架构师岑文初进行封装的。里面的注释都是中文的，比较好。

2) 依赖的jar

A. alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1.jar

B. commons-logging-1.0.4.jar

C. hessian-3.0.1.jar

D. log4j-1.2.9.jar

E. stax-api-1.0.1.jar

F. wstx-asl-2.0.2.jar

六、范例

1.基于java_memcached-release_2.6.3
Java代码  收藏代码

1. package com.hl.memcached.cache;
2.
3. import java.util.Date;
4.
5. import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient;
6. import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool;
7.
8. public class MyCache {
9.    public static void main(String[] args) {
  10.       MemCachedClient client=new MemCachedClient();
  11.       String [] addr ={"127.0.0.1:11211"};
  12.       Integer [] weights = {3};
  13.       SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
  14.       pool.setServers(addr);
  15.       pool.setWeights(weights);
  16.       pool.setInitConn(5);
  17.       pool.setMinConn(5);
  18.       pool.setMaxConn(200);
  19.       pool.setMaxIdle(1000*30*30);
  20.       pool.setMaintSleep(30);
  21.       pool.setNagle(false);
  22.       pool.setSocketTO(30);
  23.       pool.setSocketConnectTO(0);
  24.       pool.initialize();
  25.
  26. //    String [] s  =pool.getServers();
  27.       client.setCompressEnable(true);
  28.       client.setCompressThreshold(1000*1024);
  29.
  30. //    将数据放入缓存
  31.       client.set("test2","test2");
  32.
  33. //    将数据放入缓存,并设置失效时间
  34.       Date date=new Date(2000000);
  35.       client.set("test1","test1", date);
  36.
  37. //    删除缓存数据
  38. //    client.delete("test1");
  39.
  40. //    获取缓存数据
  41.       String str =(String)client.get("test1");
  42.       System.out.println(str);
  43.    }
  44. }

package com.hl.memcached.cache;

import java.util.Date;

import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient;
import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool;

public class MyCache {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MemCachedClient client=new MemCachedClient();
String [] addr ={"127.0.0.1:11211"};
Integer [] weights = {3};
SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
pool.setServers(addr);
pool.setWeights(weights);
pool.setInitConn(5);
pool.setMinConn(5);
pool.setMaxConn(200);
pool.setMaxIdle(1000*30*30);
pool.setMaintSleep(30);
pool.setNagle(false);
pool.setSocketTO(30);
pool.setSocketConnectTO(0);
pool.initialize();

//String [] s  =pool.getServers();
client.setCompressEnable(true);
client.setCompressThreshold(1000*1024);

//将数据放入缓存
client.set("test2","test2");

//将数据放入缓存,并设置失效时间
Date date=new Date(2000000);
client.set("test1","test1", date);

//删除缓存数据
//client.delete("test1");

//获取缓存数据
String str =(String)client.get("test1");
System.out.println(str);
}
}

2. 基于alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1

1)  配置memcached.xml

Xml代码  收藏代码

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <memcached>
3.    
4.    <client name="mclient_0" compressEnable="true" defaultEncoding="UTF-8"
5.       socketpool="pool_0">
6.       
7.       <errorHandler>com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedErrorHandler
8.       </errorHandler>
9.    </client>
  10.
  11.    
  17.    <socketpool name="pool_0" maintSleep="5000" socketTO="3000"
  18.       failover="true" aliveCheck="true" initConn="5" minConn="5" maxConn="250"
  19.       nagle="false">
  20.       
  21.       <servers>127.0.0.1:11211</servers>
  22.       
  28.    </socketpool>
  29. </memcached>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<memcached>

<client name="mclient_0" compressEnable="true" defaultEncoding="UTF-8"
socketpool="pool_0">

<errorHandler>com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedErrorHandler
</errorHandler>
</client>


<socketpool name="pool_0" maintSleep="5000" socketTO="3000"
failover="true" aliveCheck="true" initConn="5" minConn="5" maxConn="250"
nagle="false">

<servers>127.0.0.1:11211</servers>

</socketpool>
</memcached>

2) 测试类

Java代码  收藏代码

1. package com.hl.memcached.client.test;
2.
3. import java.util.ArrayList;
4. import java.util.List;
5.
6. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.ICacheManager;
7. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.IMemcachedCache;
8. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.CacheUtil;
9. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedCacheManager;
  10. import com.hl.memcached.cache.client.TestBean;
  11.
  12. public class ClientTest {
  13.
  14.    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  15.    public static void main(String[] args) {
  16.       ICacheManager<IMemcachedCache> manager;
  17.       manager = CacheUtil.getCacheManager(IMemcachedCache.class,
  18.                MemcachedCacheManager.class.getName());
  19.       manager.setConfigFile("memcached.xml");
  20.       manager.start();
  21.       try {
  22.          IMemcachedCache cache = manager.getCache("mclient_0");
  23.          cache.put("key", "value");
  24.          System.out.println(cache.get("key"));
  25.       } finally {
  26.          manager.stop();
  27.       }
  28.    }
  29.
  30. }

package com.hl.memcached.client.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.ICacheManager;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.IMemcachedCache;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.CacheUtil;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedCacheManager;
import com.hl.memcached.cache.client.TestBean;

public class ClientTest {

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String[] args) {
ICacheManager<IMemcachedCache> manager;
manager = CacheUtil.getCacheManager(IMemcachedCache.class,
MemcachedCacheManager.class.getName());
manager.setConfigFile("memcached.xml");
manager.start();
try {
IMemcachedCache cache = manager.getCache("mclient_0");
cache.put("key", "value");
System.out.println(cache.get("key"));
} finally {
manager.stop();
}
}

}

七、使用memcached缓存java bean自定义对象

Memcached可以缓存String，也可以缓存自定义java bean。但必须是可序列化的java bean（implements Serializable即可）

1.       基于java_memcached-release_2.6.3

测试用java bean

Java代码  收藏代码

1. package com.hl.memcached.cache.client;
2.
3. import java.io.Serializable;
4.
5. public class TestBean implements Serializable{
6.    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5344571864700659321L;
7.
8.    private String name;
9.    private Integer age;
  10.    //get、set方法略
  11. }

package com.hl.memcached.cache.client;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class TestBean implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 5344571864700659321L;

private String name;
private Integer age;
//get、set方法略
}

MyCache.java 代码

Java代码  收藏代码

1. package com.hl.memcached.cache;
2.
3. import java.util.Date;
4.
5. import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient;
6. import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool;
7.
8. public class MyCache {
9.    public static void main(String[] args) {
  10.       MemCachedClient client=new MemCachedClient();
  11.       String [] addr ={"127.0.0.1:11211"};
  12.       Integer [] weights = {3};
  13.       SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
  14.       pool.setServers(addr);
  15.       pool.setWeights(weights);
  16.       pool.setInitConn(5);
  17.       pool.setMinConn(5);
  18.       pool.setMaxConn(200);
  19.       pool.setMaxIdle(1000*30*30);
  20.       pool.setMaintSleep(30);
  21.       pool.setNagle(false);
  22.       pool.setSocketTO(30);
  23.       pool.setSocketConnectTO(0);
  24.       pool.initialize();
  25.
  26. //    String [] s  =pool.getServers();
  27.       client.setCompressEnable(true);
  28.       client.setCompressThreshold(1000*1024);
  29.
  30. //    将数据放入缓存
  31.       TestBean bean=new TestBean();
  32.       bean.setName("name1");
  33.       bean.setAge(25);
  34.       client.add("bean1", bean);
  35.
  36. //    获取缓存数据
  37.       TestBean beanClient=(TestBean)client.get("bean1");
  38.       System.out.println(beanClient.getName());
  39.    }
  40. }

package com.hl.memcached.cache;

import java.util.Date;

import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient;
import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool;

public class MyCache {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MemCachedClient client=new MemCachedClient();
String [] addr ={"127.0.0.1:11211"};
Integer [] weights = {3};
SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
pool.setServers(addr);
pool.setWeights(weights);
pool.setInitConn(5);
pool.setMinConn(5);
pool.setMaxConn(200);
pool.setMaxIdle(1000*30*30);
pool.setMaintSleep(30);
pool.setNagle(false);
pool.setSocketTO(30);
pool.setSocketConnectTO(0);
pool.initialize();

//String [] s  =pool.getServers();
client.setCompressEnable(true);
client.setCompressThreshold(1000*1024);

//将数据放入缓存
TestBean bean=new TestBean();
bean.setName("name1");
bean.setAge(25);
client.add("bean1", bean);

//获取缓存数据
TestBean beanClient=(TestBean)client.get("bean1");
System.out.println(beanClient.getName());
}
}

2.       基于alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1

Java代码  收藏代码

1. package com.hl.memcached.client.test;
2.
3. import java.util.ArrayList;
4. import java.util.List;
5.
6. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.ICacheManager;
7. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.IMemcachedCache;
8. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.CacheUtil;
9. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedCacheManager;
  10. import com.hl.memcached.cache.client.TestBean;
  11.
  12. public class ClientTest {
  13.
  14.    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  15.    public static void main(String[] args) {
  16.       ICacheManager<IMemcachedCache> manager;
  17.       manager = CacheUtil.getCacheManager(IMemcachedCache.class,
  18.                MemcachedCacheManager.class.getName());
  19.       manager.setConfigFile("memcached.xml");
  20.       manager.start();
  21.       try {
  22.          IMemcachedCache cache = manager.getCache("mclient_0");
  23.
  24.          TestBean bean=new TestBean();
  25.          bean.setName("name1");
  26.          bean.setAge(25);
  27.          cache.put("bean", bean);
  28.          TestBean beanClient=(TestBean)cache.get("bean");
  29.          System.out.println(beanClient.getName());
  30.
  31.          List<TestBean> list=new ArrayList<TestBean>();
  32.          list.add(bean);
  33.          cache.put("beanList", list);
  34.          List<TestBean> listClient=(List<TestBean>)cache.get("beanList");
  35.          if(listClient.size()>0){
  36.                TestBean bean4List=listClient.get(0);
  37.                System.out.println(bean4List.getName());
  38.          }
  39.       } finally {
  40.          manager.stop();
  41.       }
  42.    }
  43.
  44. }

package com.hl.memcached.client.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.ICacheManager;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.IMemcachedCache;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.CacheUtil;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedCacheManager;
import com.hl.memcached.cache.client.TestBean;

public class ClientTest {

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String[] args) {
ICacheManager<IMemcachedCache> manager;
manager = CacheUtil.getCacheManager(IMemcachedCache.class,
MemcachedCacheManager.class.getName());
manager.setConfigFile("memcached.xml");
manager.start();
try {
IMemcachedCache cache = manager.getCache("mclient_0");

TestBean bean=new TestBean();
bean.setName("name1");
bean.setAge(25);
cache.put("bean", bean);
TestBean beanClient=(TestBean)cache.get("bean");
System.out.println(beanClient.getName());

List<TestBean> list=new ArrayList<TestBean>();
list.add(bean);
cache.put("beanList", list);
List<TestBean> listClient=(List<TestBean>)cache.get("beanList");
if(listClient.size()>0){
TestBean bean4List=listClient.get(0);
System.out.println(bean4List.getName());
}
} finally {
manager.stop();
}
}

}

八、参考资料：

http://blog.developers.api.sina.com.cn/?p=124

http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/memcached-java

九、源代码及资料见附件

* java_memcached-release_2.6.3资料.rar (191.4 KB)
* 下载次数: 83

* alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1-src资料.rar (1.3 MB)
* 下载次数: 105

* memcached-1.2.1-win32安装文件.rar (82.6 KB)
* 下载次数: 55

* memcached-1.4.13源代码.gz (313.2 KB)
* 下载次数: 63

* demo.rar (1006.6 KB)
* 下载次数: 104

                  转摘自http://my249645546.iteye.com/blog/1420061

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