Much of the discussion on comp.lang.python and the python-dev mailing list focuses on the use of decorators as a cleaner way to use the staticmethod() and classmethod() builtins. This capability is much more powerful than that. This section presents some examples of use.
1.Define a function to be executed at exit. Note that the function isn't actually "wrapped" in the usual sense.
1.定义一个执行即退出的函数。注意,这个函数并不像通常情况那样,被真正包裹。 [python] view plaincopy
def onexit(f):
import atexit
atexit.register(f)
return f
@onexit
def func():
...
Note that this example is probably not suitable for real usage, but is for example purposes only.
注意,这个示例可能并不能准确表达在实际中的使用,它只是做一个示例。
2. Define a class with a singleton instance. Note that once the class disappears enterprising programmers would have to be more creative to create more instances. (From Shane Hathaway onpython-dev.)
2.定义一个只能产生一个实例的类(有实例后,这个类不能再产生新的实例)。注意,一旦这个类失效了(估计意思是保存在下文的singleton中字典中的相应键失效),就会促使程序员让这个类产生更多的实例。(来自于python-dev的Shane Hathaway) [python] view plaincopy
def singleton(cls):
instances = {}
def getinstance():
if cls not in instances:
instances[cls] = cls()
return instances[cls]
return getinstance
@singleton
class MyClass:
...
余下基本可以参照着读懂了,以后再翻译。
3.Add attributes to a function. (Based on an example posted by Anders Munch on python-dev.) [python] view plaincopy
def attrs(**kwds):
def decorate(f):
for k in kwds:
setattr(f, k, kwds[k])
return f
return decorate
@attrs(versionadded="2.2",
author="Guido van Rossum")
def mymethod(f):
...
4.Enforce function argument and return types. Note that this copies the func_name attribute from the old to the new function. func_name was made writable in Python 2.4a3: [python] view plaincopy
def accepts(*types):
def check_accepts(f):
assert len(types) == f.func_code.co_argcount
def new_f(*args, **kwds):
for (a, t) in zip(args, types):
assert isinstance(a, t), \
"arg %r does not match %s" % (a,t)
return f(*args, **kwds)
new_f.func_name = f.func_name
return new_f
return check_accepts
def returns(rtype):
def check_returns(f):
def new_f(*args, **kwds):
result = f(*args, **kwds)
assert isinstance(result, rtype), \
"return value %r does not match %s" % (result,rtype)
return result
new_f.func_name = f.func_name
return new_f
return check_returns
@accepts(int, (int,float))
@returns((int,float))
def func(arg1, arg2):
return arg1 * arg2
5.Declare that a class implements a particular (set of) interface(s). This is from a posting by Bob Ippolito on python-dev based on experience with PyProtocols [27]. [python] view plaincopy
def provides(*interfaces):
"""
An actual, working, implementation of provides for