安装ARM交叉编译器

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1、开发平台
虚拟机：VMware 12
操作系统：Ubuntu 14.04 64bit
2、准备ARM交叉编译工具包
    编译uboot和linux kernel都需要ARM交叉工具链支持，这里使用Linaro提供的交叉编译工具。下载地址为：http://releases.linaro.org/
注意：如果主机是64bit，请选择64位的交叉编译器工具链，32bit的主机选择32位的交叉工具链。

The Linaro Toolchain Working Group is pleased to announce this quarter’s release of the Linaro Toolchain Binaries, a pre-built version of Linaro GCC and Linaro GDB that runs on generic Linux or Windows and targets the glibc Linaro Engineering Build. Beginning 2014.11, Linaro is changing the layout and structure of its prebuilt toolchain binary releases. 2014.11 is the first release built with ABE, adding more maintainable code base and automatic testing. For further details on ABE, please visit https://wiki.linaro.org/ABE. The folder names above describe the target triplets, i.e. the system on which you want your programs/applications to run. For more details on triplets, please click here. Inside each folder is also a manifest.txt file further describing the target and host systems meant for the toolchain, plus source component versions. Essentially, the main folder contents are as follows: aarch64-linux-gnu ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the Aarch64 Linux cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the Aarch64 Linux cross-toolchain aarch64-none-elf ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_aarch64-elf.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the Aarch64 bare-metal cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_aarch64-elf.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the Aarch64 bare-metal cross-toolchain aarch64_be-linux-gnu ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_aarch64_be-linux-gnu.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the Aarch64 Linux Big Endian cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_aarch64_be-linux-gnu.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the Aarch64 Linux Big Endian cross-toolchain aarch64_be-none-elf ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_aarch64_be-elf.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the Aarch64 bare-metal Big Endian cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_aarch64_be-elf.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the Aarch64 bare-metal Big Endian cross-toolchain arm-linux-gnueabi ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the ARMv7 Linux soft float cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the ARMv7 Linux soft float cross-toolchain arm-linux-gnueabihf ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the ARMv7 Linux hard float cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the ARMv7 Linux hard float cross-toolchain arm-none-eabi ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_arm-eabi.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the ARMv7 bare-metal cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_arm-eabi.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the ARMv7 bare-metal cross-toolchain armeb-linux-gnueabihf ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_armeb-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the ARMv7 Linux Big Endian hard float cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_armeb-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the ARMv7 Linux Big Endian hard float cross-toolchain armeb-none-eabi ·        gcc-linaro-*x86_64_armeb-eabi.tar.xz o   Linux 64-bit binaries for the ARMv7 bare-metal Big Endian cross-toolchain ·        gcc-linaro-*i686-mingw32_armeb-eabi.tar.xz o   Windows 32-bit binaries for the ARMv7 bare-metal Big Endian cross-toolchain NOTE ·        The binary source package is no longer distributed as the components are now archived at http://abe.tcwglab.linaro.org/snapshots and downloaded automatically based on manifest.txt when (re)building with ABE. ·        The source package releases for the individual components are still at http://releases.linaro.org/latest/components/toolchain. Select the component (e.g. gcc, glibc, binutils, gdb) as necessary. ·        The binary tarball has been splitted into 3 parts. As a result, you can install only the parts needed: o   gcc-linaro-*.tar.xz – the compiler and tools o   runtime-linaro-*.tar.xz – runtime libraries needed on the target o   sysroot-linaro-*.tar.xz – sysroot (a set of libraries and headers to develop against) ·        Beginning 2014.11, sysroots will use the latest glibc release provided by Linaro engineers in order that users get the latest features and optimizations in the system libraries. ·        Eglibc 2.15 compatible sysroots will no longer be released. Users that require Eglibc 2.15 sysroots that need the latest Linaro GCC compiler should use the previous quarterly released sysroot. ·        x86 (32-bit) Linux host toolchains are no longer provided. x86_64 (64-bit) Linux host toolchains are provided instead. ·        Soft-float targeted toolchains are no longer supported.

         笔者使用的ARM交叉工具链版本为gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz
下载地址为：
http://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/6.1-2016.08/arm-linux-gnueabi/gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz

3、安装步骤
3.1、Ubuntu14.04  64bit系统下安装标准的C开发环境
    sudo apt-get install gcc g++ libgcc1 libg++ make gdb
    或者  sudo apt-get install build-essential
3.2、下载gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz
    1> 在/usr/local/文件夹下建立名为ARM-toolchain的文件夹

$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/ARM-toolchain

2> 下载gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz

$ cd /usr/local/ARM-toolchain sudo wget http://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/6.1-2016.08/ arm-linux-gnueabi/gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz

  
3.3、安装gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi

解压gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz

$ xz –d gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar.xz $ tar xvf gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi.tar

3.4、修改环境变量，把交叉编译器的路径加入到PATH

修改/etc/bash.bashrc文件(此文件只对当前用户适用)

$sudo gedit  /etc/bash.bashrc

然后在文件的末尾空白处加入一下代码：

# Add ARM toolschain path if [ -d /usr/local/ARM-toolchain/gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi ] ; then     PATH= /usr/local/ARM-toolchain/gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi/bin:"${PATH}" fi

3.5、使新的环境变量生效（不用重启电脑）

    $ source /etc/bash.bashrc

3.6.　检查是否将路径加入到PATH：

$ echo $PATH
若显示的内容中含有：/usr/local/ARM-toolchain/gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi/bin 说明已经将交叉编译器的路径加入PATH。
至此，交叉编译环境安装完成。

3.7. 测试是否安装成功

$ arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v
执行上面的命令，显示arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v信息和版本：

$ arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/ARM-toolchain/gcc-linaro-6.1.1-2016.08-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/6.1.1/lto-wrapper Target: arm-linux-gnueabi Configured with: /home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/label/docker-trusty-amd64-tcwg/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/snapshots/gcc-linaro-6.1-2016.08/configure SHELL=/bin/bash --with-mpc=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/label/docker-trusty-amd64-tcwg/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-mpfr=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/label/docker-trusty-amd64-tcwg/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-gmp=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/label/docker-trusty-amd64-tcwg/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libmudflap --with-cloog=no --with-ppl=no --with-isl=no --disable-nls --enable-c99 --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-arch=armv7-a --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-float=softfp --with-mode=thumb --disable-multilib --enable-multiarch --with-build-sysroot=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/label/docker-trusty-amd64-tcwg/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/sysroots/arm-linux-gnueabi --enable-lto --enable-linker-build-id --enable-long-long --enable-shared --with-sysroot=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/label/docker-trusty-amd64-tcwg/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/arm-linux-gnueabi/libc --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --enable-checking=release --disable-bootstrap --build=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/label/docker-trusty-amd64-tcwg/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu Thread model: posix gcc version 6.1.1 20160711 (Linaro GCC 6.1-2016.08)