Openstack之用virsh创建带有OS的image

632fr

在用virsh命令创建image之前，要保证你的kvm和libvirt已经安装且可以运行，如何安装kvm和libvirt可以参考本人的其他博客
root@u-node4:/var/run/libvirt# kvm-ok
INFO: /dev/kvm exists
KVM acceleration can be used

root@u-node4:/var/run/libvirt# virsh list
Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------

root@u-node4:/home/zxl# mkdir /image

root@u-node4:/home/zxl# cd /image/
root@u-node4:/image# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Aug 22 10:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 4096 Aug 22 10:04 ../

下面是一个虚拟机配置文件的模板，对其进行特定的修改便可（注，此模板中没有定义cdrom，需要添加，一般情况下如果你有一个带有os的raw格式的image,且将此raw文件作文qcow2的backing_file进行大批量虚拟机创建时，则不需要ios镜像）

下面的为cdrom的定义，添加进模板中第33行便可

<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>

      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>

      <source file='/image/ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso'/>

      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>

      <readonly/>

      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/>

    </disk>

root@u-node4:/image# vim ubuntu-12.04.xml

  1 <domain type='kvm'>

  2   <name>%VM_NAME%</name>

  3   <uuid>%UUID%</uuid>

  4   <memory>1048576</memory>

  5   <currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>

  6   <vcpu>1</vcpu>

  7   <os>

  8     <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.14'>hvm</type>

  9     <boot dev='hd'/>

10     <bootmenu enable='yes'/>

11   </os>

12   <cpu match='exact'>

13    <model>core2duo</model>

14    <feature policy='require' name='vmx'/>

15   </cpu>

16   <features>

17     <acpi/>

18     <apic/>

19     <pae/>

20   </features>

21   <clock offset='localtime'/>

22   <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

23   <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

24   <on_crash>restart</on_crash>

25   <devices>

26     <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>

27     <disk type='file' device='disk'>

28       <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>

29       <source file='%IMAGE_PATH%'/>

30       <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>

31       <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>

32     </disk>

33

34     <disk type='file' device='disk'>

35       <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>

36       <source file='%RAW_DISK_PATH%'/>

37       <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>

38       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>

39     </disk>

40

41

42     <controller type='ide' index='0'>

43       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>

44     </controller>

45     <controller type='fdc' index='0'/>

46

47     <interface type='bridge'>

48       <mac address='%MAC%'/>

49       <source bridge='br100'/>

50       <target dev='vnet0'/>

51       <alias name='net0'/>

52       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

53     </interface>

54

55     <interface type='network'>

56       <mac address='%MAC2%'/> <!-- 192.168.222.%IP1% -->

57       <source network='default'/>

58       <target dev='vnet1'/>

59       <alias name='net1'/>

60       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>

61     </interface>

62

63     <interface type='network'>

64       <mac address='%MAC3%'/> <!-- 192.168.111.%IP2% -->

65       <source network='default'/>

66       <target dev='vnet2'/>

67       <alias name='net2'/>

68       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/>

69     </interface>

70

71

72

73     <serial type='pty'>

74       <target port='0'/>

75     </serial>

76     <console type='pty'>

77       <target type='serial' port='0'/>

78     </console>

79     <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>

80     <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>

81     <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>

82       <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>

83     </graphics>

84     <sound model='ich6'>

85       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>

86     </sound>

87     <video>

88       <model type='vga' vram='9216' heads='1'/>

89       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>

90     </video>

91     <memballoon model='virtio'>

92       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>

93     </memballoon>

94   </devices>

95 </domain>

指定虚拟机名称
root@u-node4:/image# sed -i "s,%VM_NAME%,ubuntu-12.04,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml
指定UUID
root@u-node4:/image# uuidgen
f43b668f-f13c-4129-bee1-20673dcff5fb
root@u-node4:/image# sed -i "s,%UUID%,f43b668f-f13c-4129-bee1-20673dcff5fb,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml
创建一个raw格式的image(注：如果制作的image需要长期使用，尽量采用raw格式）   
root@u-node4:/image# qemu-img create -f raw ubuntu-12.04.raw 30G
Formatting 'ubuntu-12.04.raw', fmt=raw size=32212254720
root@u-node4:/image# sed -i "s,%IMAGE_PATH%,/image/ubuntu-12.04.raw,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml
root@u-node4:/image#
设置虚拟光盘，用来安装操作系统  (此镜像需要你提前下载好）
root@u-node4:/image# sed -i "s,%ISO_PATH%,/image/ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso" ubuntu-12.04.xml


root@u-node4:/image#
root@u-node4:/image# ll
total 779280
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root       4096 Aug 22 10:15 ./
drwxr-xr-x 26 root root      4096 Aug 22 10:04 ../
-rw-r--r--  1 root root       797966336 Aug 13 06:17 ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso
-rw-r--r--  1 root root       32212254720 Aug 22 10:11 ubuntu-12.04.raw
-rw-r--r--  1 root root       2894 Aug 22 10:12 ubuntu-12.04.xml
设置虚拟网卡，在此之前需要确保br100启用，用如下命令生成并替换MAC地址
root@u-node4:/image# sed -i "s,%ISO_PATH%,/image/ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml

root@u-node4:/image# MAC="fa:95:$(dd if=/dev/urandom count=1 2> /dev/null | md5sum | sed 's/^\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*$/\1:\2:\3:\4/')"
root@u-node4:/image# sed -i "s,%MAC%,$MAC,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml
root@u-node4:/image# MAC2="52:54:$(dd if=/dev/urandom count=1 2> /dev/null | md5sum | sed 's/^\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*$/\1:\2:\3:\4/')"
root@u-node4:/image# sed -i "s,%MAC2%,$MAC2,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml

这时ubuntu12.04.xml的文件就已经配置好了，下面就可以创建并且启动虚拟机了，在此之前先要进行define操作
root@u-node4:/image# virsh define ubuntu-12.04.xml
error: Failed to define domain from ubuntu-12.04.xml
error: XML error: unable to parse mac address '%MAC3%'
出现错误，删除ubuntu-12.04.xml中关于MAC3的定义后重新define
修改关于名称的定义为ubuntu-12.04

root@u-node4:/image# virsh define ubuntu-12.04.xml
Domain ubuntu-12.04  defined from ubuntu-12.04.xml
可以看到此虚拟机已经定义，处于关闭状态
root@u-node4:/image# virsh list --all
Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
-    ubuntu-12.04                     shut off

root@u-node4:/image# virsh start ubuntu-12.04

error: Failed to start domain %ubuntu-12.04%

error: Cannot access storage file '%RAW_DISK_PATH%' (as uid:0, gid:0): No such file or directory

出现错误，删除ubuntu-12.04.xml中关于vdb raw磁盘的定义后启动

root@u-node4:~# virsh start ubuntu-12.04
error: Failed to start domain ubuntu-12.04
error: unsupported configuration: guest and host CPU are not compatible: Host CPU does not provide required features: monitor
出现错误删除下面内容
<cpu match='exact'>

<model>core2duo</model>

<feature policy='require' name='vmx'/>

</cpu>

root@u-node4:~# virsh start ubuntu-12.04

error: Failed to start domain ubuntu-12.04
error: Cannot get interface MTU on 'br100': No such device
出现错误删除,没有配置基于网桥的虚拟网卡
root@u-node4:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces


root@u-node4:/image# virsh start ubuntu-12.04
error: Failed to start domain ubuntu-12.04
error: internal error: Process exited while reading console log output: char device redirected to /dev/pts/1
Unsupported cluster size: 2^0kvm: -drive file=/image/ubuntu-12.04.raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0,format=qcow2,cache=none: could not open disk image /image/ubuntu-12.04.raw: Invalid argument

磁盘格式错误将<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>中的qcow2该为raw

root@u-node4:/image# virsh start ubuntu-12.04
Domain ubuntu-12.04 started

root@u-node4:/image# virsh list

Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

11    ubuntu-12.04                   running

已经可以用virt-manager看到虚拟机正在安装



但是我们一般用vnc查看虚拟机
root@u-node4:/image#apt-get install vncviewer
root@u-node4:/image#vncviewer 192.168.139.5:5900 （vncviewer 宿主机IP:xml中配置的端口）

也可以通过如下命令确定虚拟机vnc的端口，可以看到显示的是：0





这是最终虚拟机配置文件

root@u-node4:/image# vim ubuntu-12.04.xml
<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>ubuntu-12.04</name>
  <uuid>f43b668f-f13c-4129-bee1-20673dcff5fb</uuid>
  <memory>1048576</memory>
  <currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>
  <vcpu>1</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.14'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
    <bootmenu enable='yes'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <pae/>
  </features>
  <clock offset='localtime'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
      <source file='/image/ubuntu-12.04.raw'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/image/ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso'/>
      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/>
    </disk>

    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='fdc' index='0'/>

    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='fa:95:d9:d9:9a:ca'/>
      <source bridge='br100'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>

    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:d8:c3:69:30'/> <!-- 192.168.222.%IP1% -->
      <source network='default'/>
      <target dev='vnet1'/>
      <alias name='net1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>

  <serial type='pty'>
      <target port='0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <sound model='ich6'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </sound>
    <video>
      <model type='vga' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>