Puppet变量的赋值、作用域和Facter变量(十三)

67uyefw

puppet变量定义：
        由字母[a-z]、[A-Z]、[0-9]和下划线(_)组成，且大小写敏感,puppet中变量必须以"$"为前缀后接"="进行赋值.
变量可以保存字符串、数值、布尔型、数组、哈希和特殊的undef值.

文章写puppet变量的赋值、作用域和Facter变量.

puppet 变量赋值.
示例:

1 2 3 4 5

class apache ($sta = "present") {   package {"httpd":     ensure=> $sta,   } }

注意:$sta就是变量，声明变量的值为present.

puppet还支持变量之间赋值，变量之间赋值必须使用双引号，双引号会解析变量中的值后再次赋值变量，如果使用单引号则无法解析变量的值.
示例:

1 2 3

$status=1 $value="$status" notify {"status is $value":}

注释(下):包含字符串的变量赋值时推荐使用{},以便更好的识别变量名.(不加也没问题输出也是正确的)

1 2 3

$status=3.1415926 $value="statis is ${status}" notify {"this is  $value":}

puppet变量不支持重复赋值,大部分其他变成语言支持重复赋值.shell就支持通一个变量多次赋值.
错误示例：

1 2 3 4 5 6

$content="this is file" file {"/tmp/text.txt":     ensure=> file,     content=> "$content", } $content="my name is lisi."

agent端更新会报错:

1	Error: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: Cannot reassign variable content at /etc/puppet/modules/admin/manifests/init.pp:13 on node sh-web1.localdomain

正确示例:

1 2 3 4 5

$content="this is file" file {"/tmp/text.txt":     ensure=> file,     content=> "$content", }

Agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505842152' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/File[/tmp/text.txt]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}ee93ffc81f3898fcba28a1d0e72c0029' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.30 seconds [iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# cat /tmp/text.txt this is file

变量的作用域:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

$content变量分别定义于top域、node域和local域. 示例： $content="top" node base {     include admin         $content="node" } node /sh-(proxy|web)\d+/  inherits base {   case $::hostname {     /sh-proxy\d+/: {          include apache          user {"test1":             ensure => present,             }       }      "sh-web1": {         include nginx::nginxconf         $content="sh-web1"         notify {"this value is $content":}          }     } }

Agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505844151' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: this value is sh-web1 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[sh-proxywebd]/Notify[this value is sh-web1]/message: defined 'message' as 'this value is sh-web1' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.25 seconds

注意:当top、node和local作用域同时定义相应变量,local优先级高于top和node作用域.

$content变量定义于top域和node域，local域并未定义但却可以调用top域和node域的变量.
示例:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

$content="top" node base {     include admin     $content="node" } node /sh-(proxy|web)\d+/  inherits base {   case $::hostname {     /sh-proxy\d+/: {          include apache          user {"test1":             ensure => present,             }       }      "sh-web1": {         include nginx::nginxconf             notify {"this value is $content":}              }     } }

Agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505844281' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: this value is node Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[sh-proxywebd]/Notify[this value is node]/message: defined 'message' as 'this value is node' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.26 seconds

注意:local作用域若没有定义变量但可以引用top和node作用域变量的值,默认node优先级大于top，顺序从内向外.

$content变量分别在node域和local域定义，top域却调用不到变量的值.
示例:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

notify {"this value is $content":} node base {     include admin     $content="node" } node /sh-(proxy|web)\d+/  inherits base {   case $::hostname {     /sh-proxy\d+/: {          include apache          user {"test1":             ensure => present,             }       }      "sh-web1": {         include nginx::nginxconf         $content="sh-web1"          }     } }

Agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505844582' Notice: this value is Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Notify[this value is ]/message: defined 'message' as 'this value is ' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.27 seconds

注意:变量值为空,意味着top作用域并不能引用node和local作用域的值.

Facter变量
        Facter是一款扩展性强且功能强大的跨平台的系统性能分析收集工具，它可以收集Agent的信息,并将收集到的Agent信息作为变量传给master使用，在puppet中这些变量均为top作用域变量，可以在puppet中的任何位置调用他们.

直接运行facter命令：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

[iyunv@puppet ~]# facter architecture => x86_64 augeasversion => 1.0.0 bios_release_date => 07/02/2015 bios_vendor => Phoenix Technologies LTD bios_version => 6.00 blockdevice_sda_model => VMware Virtual S blockdevice_sda_size => 32212254720 blockdevice_sda_vendor => VMware, blockdevice_sr0_model => VMware SATA CD01 blockdevice_sr0_size => 4467982336 blockdevice_sr0_vendor => NECVMWar blockdevices => sda,sr0 boardmanufacturer => Intel Corporation boardproductname => 440BX Desktop Reference Platform boardserialnumber => None domain => localdomain facterversion => 2.4.6 filesystems => ext4,iso9660 fqdn => puppet.localdomain gid => root hardwareisa => x86_64 hardwaremodel => x86_64 hostname => puppet id => root interfaces => eth0,lo ipaddress => 192.168.30.134 ipaddress_eth0 => 192.168.30.134 ipaddress_lo => 127.0.0.1 is_virtual => true kernel => Linux kernelmajversion => 2.6 kernelrelease => 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 kernelversion => 2.6.32 lsbdistcodename => Final lsbdistdescription => CentOS release 6.5 (Final) lsbdistid => CentOS lsbdistrelease => 6.5 lsbmajdistrelease => 6 lsbminordistrelease => 5 lsbrelease => :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch macaddress => 00:0C:29:53:DD:61 macaddress_eth0 => 00:0C:29:53:DD:61 manufacturer => VMware, Inc. memoryfree => 1.56 GB memoryfree_mb => 1600.11 memorysize => 1.82 GB memorysize_mb => 1861.87 mtu_eth0 => 1500 mtu_lo => 16436 netmask => 255.255.255.0 netmask_eth0 => 255.255.255.0 netmask_lo => 255.0.0.0 network_eth0 => 192.168.30.0 network_lo => 127.0.0.0 operatingsystem => CentOS operatingsystemmajrelease => 6 operatingsystemrelease => 6.5 os => {"name"=>"CentOS", "lsb"=>{"distid"=>"CentOS", "distdescription"=>"CentOS release 6.5 (Final)", "distcodename"=>"Final", "majdistrelease"=>"6", "minordistrelease"=>"5", "distrelease"=>"6.5", "release"=>":base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch"}, "family"=>"RedHat", "release"=>{"full"=>"6.5", "minor"=>"5", "major"=>"6"}} osfamily => RedHat partitions => {"sda1"=>{"filesystem"=>"ext4", "uuid"=>"917f7d76-ead2-4a7a-9c36-e5da5dde658d", "mount"=>"/boot", "size"=>"1024000"}, "sda2"=>{"filesystem"=>"LVM2_member", "size"=>"61888512"}} path => /usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin physicalprocessorcount => 1 processor0 => Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4590 CPU @ 3.30GHz processorcount => 1 processors => {"physicalcount"=>1, "models"=>["Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4590 CPU @ 3.30GHz"], "count"=>1} productname => VMware Virtual Platform ps => ps -ef puppetversion => 3.8.7 rubyplatform => x86_64-linux rubysitedir => /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8 rubyversion => 1.8.7 selinux => false serialnumber => VMware-56 4d 78 db 2d 64 3c 00-a9 b8 0a 12 14 53 dd 61 sshdsakey => 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 sshfp_dsa => SSHFP 2 1 917530c4885fa74246bdf7d34478fcf495ea1748 SSHFP 2 2 b65a9c7944c55dbc7fb7ff39f83cc11518730dc433b2abd0d52fc33040354f97 sshfp_rsa => SSHFP 1 1 0e3b51b07ee0e3d76f5888d28f33de9953e9e2b5 SSHFP 1 2 e4f8efe594408450015f3f2a9571f1cbd611d031b0bbc0568b1d6f9262cf98ae sshrsakey => AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAzsUKTsQ1M3ccxgmm9yN/LqvOxnRRaDJfDGNQaRmEFi96pII2v215gak02fEkVMr116oGC9gAu7Dfwm08p3zdmDh7Lhx+V286scgPeacAD8Lb3jj5F5hXRzBKz6E8oasi34/FQZ7fUa7k5gaQ0Jv1mkjW89WsH4F5emlD5pA75Gxjcb9nf4UV1OVl4jhZXj21xvWVoJIbNCcTTSn8m7ImJ7eSs6/fWCGh7tdJViwaMhwRG4hV3n4fcC7dXM0Ol8jMm8i5bLWtk050+gJ4GeJKveSkN4RzFaowkiFp7m5W6Gc4hXfQGzk8epwpsdWdvJu0oBKV+SvBBBNsJ+kA7fHNrw== swapfree => 3.00 GB swapfree_mb => 3071.99 swapsize => 3.00 GB swapsize_mb => 3071.99 system_uptime => {"seconds"=>60398, "uptime"=>"16:46 hours", "hours"=>16, "days"=>0} timezone => CST type => Other uniqueid => a8c0861e uptime => 16:46 hours uptime_days => 0 uptime_hours => 16 uptime_seconds => 60398 uuid => DB784D56-642D-003C-A9B8-0A121453DD61 virtual => vmware

示例:
sh-web1主机引用facter变量ipaddress_eth0.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

node base { include admin } node /sh-(proxy|web)\d+/  inherits base {   case $::hostname {     /sh-proxy\d+/: {          include apache          user {"test1":             ensure => present,             }       }      "sh-web1": {         include nginx::nginxconf         notify {"hostip is $ipaddress_eth0":} }     } }

sh-web1 puppet agent端更新信息:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505901622' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: hostip is 192.168.30.131 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[sh-proxywebd]/Notify[hostip is 192.168.30.131]/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 192.168.30.131' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.27 seconds

扩展:
puppet 内置变量
puppet的内置变量由puppet.conf配置文件定义，并在puppet代码文件中可以直接使用的变量称为内置变量.内置变量分为Agent内置变量和Master内置变量.
Agent端的内置变量:

1 2	$environment：客户端引用的环境代码 $clientcert:客户端认证

Master内置变量:

1 2 3

$servername:Master的fqdn $serverip:Master的ip。 $module_name:Master中模块的名字.