Ubuntu16.04 apt-get命令安装 Nginx、PHP 7、MySQL 5.7

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先更新源
apt-get update
安装 MySQL5.7 运行命令：
apt-get -y install mysql-server mysql-client
安装期间要求设置MySQL的root用户密码 ：
New password for the MySQL “root” user: <– yourrootsqlpassword
Repeat password for the MySQL “root” user: <– yourrootsqlpassword
myql命令
service mysqld stop
service mysql restart
增加操作用户
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO test@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
安装 Nginx
如果你已经安装了Apache2的话，那么使用这些命令先删除再安装nginx：
service apache2 stop
update-rc.d -f apache2 remove
apt-get remove apache2
Ubuntu16.04有Nginx安装包，我们可以安装。
apt-get -y install nginx
启动ngninx：
service nginx start
输入您的Web服务器的IP地址或主机名到浏览器（例如120.132.114.131），你应该
Ubuntu16.04的默认nginx的文档根目录为/var/www/html

安装 PHP 7
apt-get -y install php7.0-fpm

配置 nginx
打开配置文件 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf：
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
配置很容易理解 (你可以点击官方教程: http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxFullExample或:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxFullExample2)
首先（这是可选）调整keepalive_timeout到一个合理的值：
[...]
    keepalive_timeout   2;
[...]
虚拟主机服务器{}容器定义。默认的虚拟主机是在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default 文件中定义- 修改它，如下所示：
vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
[...]
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;

# SSL configuration
#
# listen 443 ssl default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
#
# Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
# See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
#
# Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
# See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
#
# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
# Don't use them in a production server!
#
# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

root /var/www/html;

# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

server_name _;

location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

# With php7.0-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# With php7.0-fpm:
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
location ~ /\.ht {
  deny all;
}
}
[...]
server_name _; 使这是一个默认虚拟主机（当然，你可以同时喜欢这里www.example.com指定主机名）。
根目录 /var/www/html;意味着文档根目录/var/www/html.
PHP重要组成部分位置 ~ \.php$ {} stanza. 取消注释它来启用它。
现在保存文件并重新加载nginx：
service nginx reload
下一步打开 /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini…
vi /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini
设置 cgi.fix_pathinfo=0:
[...]
; cgi.fix_pathinfo provides *real* PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI.  PHP's
; previous behaviour was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok
; what PATH_INFO is.  For more information on PATH_INFO, see the cgi specs.  Setting
; this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec.  A setting
; of zero causes PHP to behave as before.  Default is 1.  You should fix your scripts
; to use SCRIPT_FILENAME rather than PATH_TRANSLATED.
; http://php.net/cgi.fix-pathinfo
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
[...]
重新加载 PHP-FPM:
service php7.0-fpm reload
建立探针文件/var/www/html:
vi /var/www/html/info.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
浏览器访问 (e.g. 120.132.114.131/info.php):
让 MySQL 获得 PHP 7支持
先搜索一下PHP支持的模块：
apt-cache search php7.0
使用下面的命令安装：
apt-get -y install php7.0-mysql php7.0-curl php7.0-gd php7.0-intl php-pear php-imagick php7.0-imap php7.0-mcrypt php-memcache  php7.0-pspell php7.0-recode php7.0-sqlite3 php7.0-tidy php7.0-xmlrpc php7.0-xsl php7.0-mbstring php-gettext
APCu是随PHP7 PHP Opcache模块的扩展，它增加了一些兼容性功能的支持APC缓存（例如WordPress的插件缓存）软件。
APCu可以安装如下：
apt-get -y install php-apcu
重新加载 PHP-FPM:
service php7.0-fpm reload
刷新 120.132.114.131/info.php 浏览器看看模块安装情况：
让 PHP-FPM 使用 TCP 连接
默认情况下PHP-FPM监听 /var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock. 另外，也可以使 PHP-FPM 试用 TCP 连接，打开文件 /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf…
vi /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
修改如下：
[...]
;listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
[...]
这将使PHP-FPM端口9000侦听的IP127.0.0.1（本地主机）。请确保您使用的端口，是不是在你的系统上使用。
然后重新加载 PHP-FPM：
php7.0-fpm reload
接下来通过你的nginx的配置和所有的虚拟主机，并更改fastcgi_pass UNIX行：/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock; tofastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;,如下：
vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
[...]
        location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

# With php7.0-cgi alone:
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# With php7.0-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
}
[...]
最后，重新加载nginx：
service nginx reload