Puppet数据类型中[数值类型,数组的使用] (十四)

432423423

本文主要写puppet的数据类型中的数值类型和数组的使用，博主puppet为3.8版本，puppet数组的追加功能测试没有成功,官网也没有给出示例,确定是否已经优化或者取消.官网数据类型连接地址https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/3.8/lang_datatypes.html

puppet的数据类型
        目前puppet支持字符串类型、数字、数组、哈希、布尔型、undef和正则表达式.

一、字符串类型
定义字符串需要以双引号("")或单引号('')进行声明，在puppet中默认的数据类型就是字符串类型.
字符窜类型声明注意：
1、不能使用puppet关键字.
2、字符串类型由字母[a-z][A-Z]、数字[0-9]、连接符(-)和下划线(_)组成.
3、建议字符串类型使用utf-8的字符集.

示例(上篇文章的变量定义)：

1 2	$content="this is file" $content='this is file'

注释:单双引号都可以.

puppet中通过单双引号声明的字符串中，有些特殊字符串定义尾部含有"\"，需要使用反斜杠屏蔽字符特殊意义.
如path => c:\data\   #尾部有'\'，需要转义.

示例如下:

1 2	$content='c:\data\\' notify {"hostip is $content":}

注意:$content='c:\data\\'后如果尾部没有反斜杠'\'转义，会报语法错误.

常见的需要转义的符号:

1	\$,\",\',\\,\n,\r,\t,\s

二、数值类型
        puppet中支持数值类型，数值类型是指定义成的数值形式的数据，这种数据可以进行加、减、乘、除、与、或、取反等数学运算.在puppet中数值类型包括整数类型、浮点数，当然也支持整数类型运算和浮点数类型运算.

整数类型的计算:

加法运算：

1 2	$content=7 + 4 notify {"hostip is $content":}

agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505927717' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: hostip is 11 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[sh-proxywebd]/Notify[hostip is 11]/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 11' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.26 seconds

乘法运算：

1 2	$content=7 * 4 notify {"hostip is $content":}

agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505927786' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: hostip is 28 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[sh-proxywebd]/Notify[hostip is 28]/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 28' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.29 seconds

取余运算:

1 2	$content=7 % 4 notify {"hostip is $content":}

agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505927969' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: hostip is 3 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[sh-proxywebd]/Notify[hostip is 3]/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 3' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.27 seconds

除法运算：

1 2	$content=7 / 4 notify {"hostip is $content":}

agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505928069' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: hostip is 1 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[sh-proxywebd]/Notify[hostip is 1]/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 1' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.29 seconds

浮点数类型运算：

1 2	$content=7 + 0.4 notify {"hostip is $content":}

agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1505927886' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: hostip is 7.4 Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[sh-proxywebd]/Notify[hostip is 7.4]/message: defined 'message' as 'hostip is 7.4' Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.27 seconds

注意:符号不能同时使用;浮点型数据以数字加小数点的形式表达.

错误的示例：

1 2	$content=7 / .4 notify {"hostip is $content":}

1 2	$content=7 / +4 notify {"hostip is $content":}

三、数组
数组的定义：
        数组就是将同一类事物按照一定的顺序放到一个集合中，通过定义这个集合来完成对数组中所有的事物的定义,puppet中数组通过方括号来定义,数组中的数据通过","分隔.
puppet通过["value1","value2"]的形式来定义数组，并将定义后的数组赋值给变量.

注意:下面示例包含两种正确写法和一种错误写法,网络有很多博文都在传错误的写法，不知道他们是照抄还是都没自己去写写.
示例:
正确写法(一)
这种算中规中矩的写法，网上很多这样的例子.

1 2 3 4 5

class php {     package {["php","php-devel"]:     ensure=> "installed"     } }

agent端测试:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 yum.repos.d]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1506074734' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: /Stage[main]/Php/Package[php]/ensure: created Notice: /Stage[main]/Php/Package[php-devel]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 12.77 seconds

正确写法(二)
        下面这种写法也是突发奇想，$packages既然等于数组的元素，那么下面再加[]，就又是数组了，这样总是对的吧,测试果然可行.

1 2 3 4 5 6

class php {     $packages=["php","php-devel",]     package {[$packages]:     ensure=> "installed"     } }

agent端更新:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 yum.repos.d]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1506076818' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Notice: /Stage[main]/Php/Package[php]/ensure: created Notice: /Stage[main]/Php/Package[php-devel]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 31.33 seconds

错误写法:网络很多数组的定义都是下面这种写法,官网并没有给出数组的调用案例只给了定义数组.

声明php类，安装php软件包.

1 2 3 4 5 6

class php {     $packages = ["php","php-devel"]     package {"$packages":     ensure=> "installed"     } }

agent端测试:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[iyunv@sh-web1 yum.repos.d]# puppet agent -t Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for sh-web1.localdomain Info: Applying configuration version '1506077242' Notice: /Stage[main]/Admin/Exec[selinux]/returns: executed successfully Error: Execution of '/usr/bin/yum -d 0 -e 0 -y list phpphp-devel' returned 1: Error: No matching Packages to list Error: /Stage[main]/Php/Package[phpphp-devel]/ensure: change from absent to present failed: Execution of '/usr/bin/yum -d 0 -e 0 -y list phpphp-devel' returned 1: Error: No matching Packages to list Notice: Finished catalog run in 1.01 seconds

注意报错:puppet把php和php-devel连一起了phpphp-devel.

puppet数组的取值
        puppet数组和其他编程语言中的数组一样，下标从0开始.可以将数组赋值给变量，并通过[数组下标]的方式进行取值.

1 2 3

# cat 2.pp $foo=['one','two','three'] notice ($foo[1])   #通过notice函数打印$foo数组two的值.

本地应用:

1 2 3 4

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet apply 2.pp Notice: Scope(Class[main]): two Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.02 seconds Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.01 seconds

嵌套数组
        puppet通过嵌套数组来模拟多维数组，并通过索引的方式访问嵌套数组的值.

通过notice函数打印$foo数组索引为1的two的值.

1 2 3

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# cat 2.pp $foo=['one',{'two' => 2,'three' => 3}] notice ($foo[1][two])

agent端测试更新:

1 2 3 4

[iyunv@sh-web1 ~]# puppet apply 2.pp Notice: Scope(Class[main]): 2 Notice: Compiled catalog for sh-web1.localdomain in environment production in 0.02 seconds Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds