Installing ROS Indigo on the Raspberry Pi

xuanhao

　　Installing ROS Indigo on the Raspberry Pi
　　Description: This instruction covers the installation of ROS Indigo on the original Raspberry Pi with Raspbian.
Keywords: Raspberry Pi, Setup, Indigo
Contents
1 Introduction
　　This tutorial explains how to install ROS Indigo from source on the Raspberry Pi. The instructions follow roughly the source installation of Indigo. However, a few dependencies need to be accounted for Raspbian.
Note: If you're using the Raspberry Pi 2 you can use the standard ARM installation instructions here.
2 Prerequisites
　　These instructions assume that Raspbian is being used as the OS on the Raspberry Pi. The download page for current images of Raspbian is http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/.
2.1 Setup ROS Repositories
　　Raspbian Jessie:



$ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu jessie main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/ros.key -O - | sudo apt-key add -
　　Now, make sure your Debian package index is up-to-date:



$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
　　2.2 Install Bootstrap Dependencies
　　Raspbian Jessie:



$ sudo apt-get install python-pip python-setuptools python-yaml python-distribute python-docutils python-dateutil python-six
$ sudo pip install rosdep rosinstall_generator wstool rosinstall
　　2.3 Initializing rosdep



$ sudo rosdep init
$ rosdep update
　　3 Installation
　　Now, we will download and build ROS Indigo.
3.1 Create a catkin Workspace
　　In order to build the core packages, you will need a catkin workspace. Create one now:



$ mkdir ~/ros_ws
$ cd ~/ros_ws
　　Next we will want to fetch the core packages so we can build them. We will use wstool for this. Select the wstool command for the particular variant you want to install:
　　ROS-Comm: (Recommended) ROS package, build, and communication libraries. No GUI tools.



$ rosinstall_generator ros_comm --rosdistro indigo --deps --wet-only --exclude roslisp --tar > indigo-ros_comm-wet.rosinstall
$ wstool init src indigo-ros_comm-wet.rosinstall
　　This will add all of the catkin or wet packages in the given variant and then fetch the sources into the~/ros_ws/src directory. The command will take a few minutes to download all of the core ROS packages into the src folder. The -j8 option downloads 8 packages in parallel.
　　Note: The roslisp package is excluded in these generators because the dependency sbcl is not available in the Raspbian repositories. Building sbcl from source may be possible but is not tested. So far, only these two variants have been tested on the Raspberry Pi in Indigo; however, more are defined in REP 131such as robot, perception, etc. Just change the package path to the one you want, e.g., for robot do:



$ rosinstall_generator robot --rosdistro indigo --deps --wet-only --tar > indigo-robot-wet.rosinstall
$ wstool init src indigo-robot-wet.rosinstall
　　Please feel free to update these instructions as you test more variants.
　　If wstool init fails or is interrupted, you can resume the download by running:



wstool update -t src
　　3.2 Resolve Dependencies
　　Before you can build your catkin workspace, you need to make sure that you have all the required dependencies. We use the rosdep tool for this, however, a couple of dependencies are not available in the repositories. They must be manually built first.
3.2.1 Unavailable Dependencies
　　Following packages are not available for Raspbian:
Raspbian Wheezy: libconsole-bridge-dev, liburdfdom-headers-dev, liburdfdom-dev, liblz4-dev,collada-dom-dev
Raspbian Jessie: collada-dom-dev
The following packages are needed for each ROS variant:
Ros_Comm: libconsole-bridge-dev, liblz4-dev
Desktop: libconsole-bridge-dev, liblz4-dev, liburdfdom-headers-dev, liburdfdom-dev, collada-dom-dev
The required packages can be built from source in a new directory:



$ mkdir ~/ros_ws/external_src
$ sudo apt-get install checkinstall cmake
$ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ testing main contrib non-free rpi" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'
$ sudo apt-get update
　　libconsole-bridge-dev:



$ cd ~/ros_ws/external_src
$ sudo apt-get build-dep console-bridge
$ apt-get source -b console-bridge
$ sudo dpkg -i libconsole-bridge0.2*.deb libconsole-bridge-dev_*.deb
　　Note: For Raspbian Jessie, just using the apt-get install command to install the libconsole-bridge-dev package:



$ sudo apt-get install libconsole-bridge-dev
　　liblz4-dev:



$ cd ~/ros_ws/external_src
$ apt-get source -b lz4
$ sudo dpkg -i liblz4-*.deb
　　Note: For Raspbian Jessie, just using the apt-get install command to install the liblz4-dev package:



$ sudo apt-get install liblz4-dev
　　liburdfdom-headers-dev:



$ cd ~/ros_ws/external_src
$ git clone https://github.com/ros/urdfdom_headers.git
$ cd urdfdom_headers
$ cmake .
$ sudo checkinstall make install
　　When check-install asks for any changes, the name (2) needs to change from "urdfdom-headers" to "liburdfdom-headers-dev" otherwise the rosdep install wont find it.
　　liburdfdom-dev:



$ cd ~/ros_ws/external_src
$ sudo apt-get install libboost-test-dev libtinyxml-dev
$ git clone https://github.com/ros/urdfdom.git
$ cd urdfdom
$ cmake .
$ sudo checkinstall make install
　　When check-install asks for any changes, the name (2) needs to change from "urdfdom" to "liburdfdom-dev" otherwise the rosdep install wont find it.
　　collada-dom-dev: (Note: You will also need to patch collada_urdf as described here):



$ cd ~/ros_ws/external_src
$ sudo apt-get install libboost-filesystem-dev libxml2-dev
$ wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/collada-dom/Collada%20DOM/Collada%20DOM%202.4/collada-dom-2.4.0.tgz
$ tar -xzf collada-dom-2.4.0.tgz
$ cd collada-dom-2.4.0
$ cmake .
$ sudo checkinstall make install
　　When check-install asks for any changes, the name (2) needs to change from "collada-dom" to "collada-dom-dev" otherwise the rosdep install wont find it.
　　Note: If you don't want to compile Collada but would like to install the desktop variant, use the following generator:



$ rosinstall_generator desktop --rosdistro indigo --deps --wet-only --exclude roslisp collada_parser collada_urdf --tar > indigo-desktop-wet.rosinstall
　　3.2.2 Resolving Dependencies with rosdep
　　The remaining dependencies should be resolved by running rosdep:
Raspbian Jessie:



$ cd ~/ros_ws
$ rosdep install --from-paths src --ignore-src --rosdistro indigo -y -r --os=debian:jessie
　　This will look at all of the packages in the src directory and find all of the dependencies they have. Then it will recursively install the dependencies.
　　The --from-paths option indicates we want to install the dependencies for an entire directory of packages, in this case src. The --ignore-src option indicates to rosdep that it shouldn't try to install any ROS packages in the src folder from the package manager, we don't need it to since we are building them ourselves. The --rosdistro option is required because we don't have a ROS environment setup yet, so we have to indicate to rosdep what version of ROS we are building for. Finally, the -y option indicates to rosdep that we don't want to be bothered by too many prompts from the package manager.
After a while rosdep will finish installing system dependencies and you can continue.
Note: Rosdep may report that python-rosdep, python-catkin-pkg, python-rospkg, and python-rosdistrofailed to install; however, you can ignore this error because they have already been installed with pip.
3.3 Building the catkin Workspace
　　Once you have completed downloading the packages and have resolved the dependencies, you are ready to build the catkin packages.
Invoke catkin_make_isolated:



$ sudo ./src/catkin/bin/catkin_make_isolated --install -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release --install-space /opt/ros/indigo
　　Note: This will install ROS in the equivalent file location to Ubuntu in /opt/ros/indigo however you can modify this as you wish.
　　For rviz, you will also have to apply this patch.
Should the compilation fail with an "internal compiler error", it may be because you're out of memory. A quick fix for this is to add swap space to the Pi and recompile.
Raspbian Swap: Raspbian uses a script dphys-swapfile to manage swap. The standard image includes this turned on by default. The configuration files is located at /etc/dphys-swapfile. The only parameter in the file is CONF_SWAPSIZE=100 which creates a 100MB swapfile in /var/swap. But, putting the swapfile in /var is not a good idea is that directory is on your SD card. You can change the file location with CONF_SWAPFILE=/your/file/location. My /etc/dphys-swapfile looks like this:
CONF_SWAPSIZE=1024
CONF_SWAPFILE=/mnt/sda1/swap.file
Here "sda1" is my usb hard drive which is automounted.
It is recommended that you reboot your Raspberry Pi to enable the swap change.
Now ROS should be installed! Remember to source the new installation. You are recommended to add the ROS environment variables to the ~/.bashrc file. It is convenient if the ROS environment variables are automatically added to your bash session every time a new shell is launched:



$ echo "source /opt/ros/indigo/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc
　　Note: If you have more than one ROS distribution installed, ~/.bashrc must only source the setup.bash for the version you are currently using.
　　If you just want to change the environment of your current shell, you can type:



$ source /opt/ros/indigo/setup.bash
　　If you use zsh instead of bash you need to run the following commands to set up your shell:
　　$ echo "source /opt/ros/indigo/setup.zsh" >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc
4. Maintaining a Source Checkout
　　4.1 Updating the Workspace
　　See the Ubuntu source install instructions for steps on updating the ros_ws workspace. The same steps should apply to the Raspberry Pi.
4.2 Adding Released Packages
　　You may add additional packages to the installed ros workspace that have been released into the ros ecosystem. First, a new rosinstall file must be created including the new packages (Note, this can also be done at the initial install). For example, if we have installed ros_comm, but want to add ros_control and joystick_drivers, the command would be:



$ cd ~/ros_ws
$ rosinstall_generator ros_comm ros_control joystick_drivers --rosdistro indigo --deps --wet-only --exclude roslisp --tar > indigo-custom_ros.rosinstall
　　You may keep listing as many ROS packages as you'd like separated by spaces.
　　=======================
Note: dynamic_reconfigure
========================
Next, update the workspace with wstool:



$ wstool merge -t src indigo-custom_ros.rosinstall
$ wstool update -t src
　　After updating the workspace, you may want to run rosdep to install any new dependencies that are required:
　　Raspbian Jessie:



$ rosdep install --from-paths src --ignore-src --rosdistro indigo -y -r --os=debian:jessie
　　Finally, now that the workspace is up to date and dependencies are satisfied, rebuild the workspace:



$ sudo ./src/catkin/bin/catkin_make_isolated --install -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release --install-space /opt/ros/indigo
　　Creating Your Own Catkin Workspace
　　If you haven't already done so, create a directory to hold your catkin workspace. By convention, we will assume you have created a subdirectory called catkin_ws in your home directory. Below that directory we create a subdirectory called src to hold the package source files. If you're starting from scratch, execute the following commands to create an empty catkin workspace in the directory ~/catkin_ws:



$ mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src
$ cd ~/catkin_ws/src
$ catkin_init_workspace
　　The first command above creates both the top level ~/catkin_ws directory and the src subdirectory. Note also that we run the catkin_init_workspace command in the src directory.
　　Next, even though the current workspace is empty, we run catkin_make to create some initial directories and setup files. catkin_make is always run in the top-level catkin_ws workspace folder (not in the src folder):



$ cd ~/catkin_ws
$ catkin_make
$ catkin_make install
　　After building the new catkin package, be sure to source the ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash file and rebuild the ROS package path as follows:



$ echo "source ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc
　　References

[1]http://wiki.ros.org/indigo/Installation/Source

[2]http://wiki.ros.org/hydro/Installation/Debian

[3]http://wiki.ros.org/ROSberryPi/Setting%20up%20Hydro%20on%20RaspberryPi

[4]http://wiki.ros.org/ROSberryPi/Installing%20ROS%20Indigo%20on%20Raspberry%20Pi

[5]http://www.ros.org/reps/rep-0131.html#id4

[6]https://answers.ros.org/question/230076/ros-on-raspberry-3/

[7]https://answers.ros.org/question/226253/trouble-installing-indigo-on-debian-jessie-collada_parser-build-failure/

[8]https://answers.ros.org/question/266665/ros-indigo-installation-problem-on-raspbian-jessie/