【Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS】apt-get 安装MariaDB

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　　一、Mysql背景信息
Mysql在互联网早期就流行了，追求速度、简单、坚持开源、几乎支持所有操作系统。完全支持多用户、多线程，支持海量数据存储，采用MyISAM、InnoDB两大存储引擎优势互补。但随着InnoDB和Mysql自身被Oracle收购，促使Mysql的创始人开发了MariaDB。
MariaDB最大的特点就是采用XtraDB存储引擎，并和原生版本兼容，保留了Mysql的自由开放，XtraDB是Percona开发的高性能存储引擎，主要是为了替代InnoDB.除了XtraDB引擎，后起之秀TokuDB支持高性能、事务处理的存储引擎，性能比InnoDB高出很多，超高的insert性能、高压缩比、支持在线修改索引、添加字段。
安装时Mysql、MariaDB、Percona Server 不能共存，要部署MariaDB就必须卸载另外两个。否则出现“mysql service masked”错误。
二、安装MariaDB
1.安装数据库环境

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo aptitude install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client
  

　　2.安装数据库实例

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo mysql_secure_installation
  

• NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
  
•       SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
  
• 
  
• In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
  
• password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
  
• you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
  
• so you should just press enter here.
  
• 
  
• Enter current password for root (enter for none): 设置root的密码1
  
• OK, successfully used password, moving on...
  
• 
  
• Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
  
• root user without the proper authorisation.
  
• 
  
• You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.
  
• 
  
• Change the root password? [Y/n] n 是否改变密码:n不改变
  
• ... skipping.
  
• 
  
• By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
  
• to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
  
• them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
  
• go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
  
• production environment.
  
• 
  
• Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y 是否移除测试用户：y是的
  
• ... Success!
  
• 
  
• Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
  
• ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
  
• 
  
• Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y 是否允许root远程登录：n不允许
  
• ... Success!
  
• 
  
• By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
  
• access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
  
• before moving into a production environment.
  
• 
  
• Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y 删掉测试数据库test:y删掉
  
• - Dropping test database...
  
• ... Success!
  
• - Removing privileges on test database...
  
• ... Success!
  
• 
  
• Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
  
• will take effect immediately.
  
• 
  
• Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y 重新加载权限表：y重新加载
  
• ... Success!
  
• 
  
• Cleaning up...
  
• 
  
• All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
  
• installation should now be secure.
  
• 
  
• Thanks for using MariaDB
  

　　3.查看MariaDB数据库服务状态 （这里也说明了MariaDB与其他Mysql数据库不能共存在同一操作系统）

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo systemctl status mysql
  

　　4.启动MariaDB数据库服务

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo systemctl start mysql
  

　　3.设置mysql随系统服务启动

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo update-rc.d  mysql defaults
  

　　4.撤销随系统服务启动

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo update-rc.d  -f mysql remove
  

　　5.与之前版本mysql不同，需要获得操作系统管理员权限，才能登录MariaDB的root用户，普通操作系统用户不能登录MariaDB数据库root用户

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
  

　　6.备份mysql数据库 也需要获得操作系统管理员才能执行备份

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo mysqldump -uroot -p mysql >mysql.sql
  

　　7.创建普通数据库用户 （登录普通数据库用户则不需要获得操作系统管理员权限）

• create user 'zhangdc'@'%' identified by '1';  (后面数字是密码 可自行设置)
  

　　8.登录远地数据库(需要henry@'%')

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ mysql -h localhost -u henry -p1
  

　　9.修改MariaDB配置文件，监听外网访问

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
  

　　# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
#bind-address        = 127.0.0.1  #注释掉这一行

　　10.重启数据库服务，使配置生效

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ sudo systemctl restart mysql
  

　　11.MariaDB版本

• dream361@ubuntu16:~$ mysql -V
  
• mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.0.29-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.2