Centos6.6升级Python与安装ipython、pip小结

wred

CentOS6.6自带的Python版本为2.6.6，想给他升级一下，安装Python2.7.9
一、准备安装包

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wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py #下载setuptools和pip wget https://pypi.python.org/packages ... python-3.1.0.tar.gz #下载ipython wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz #下载python

二、安装依赖包

安装readline-devel，使python安装完成后支持退格；安装gcc，否则配置时会报错，导致无法安装；还有一些扩展模块

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yum -y install readline-devel yum -y install gcc yum -y install zlib-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel

三、安装python2.7.9

由于下载的python包为xz格式的，所以解压tar.xz文件需要先xz -d xxx.tar.xz,再tar zvf命令将xxx.tar解包

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xz -d Python-2.7.9.tar.xz tar xvf Python-2.7.9.tar cd Python-2.7.9 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python make && make install mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6 #把之前版本的python重命名 ln -sv /usr/local/python/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python [iyunv@MidApp ~]# python Python 2.7.9 (default, Nov 22 2017, 09:37:44) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import ssl >>>

四、安装ipython

也完全可以先安装pip，再使用pip install ipython 安装ipython

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tar zxvf ipython-3.1.0.tar.gz cd ipython-3.1.0 python setup.py build python setup.py install ln -sv /usr/local/python/bin/ipython /usr/bin/ipython [iyunv@MidApp ~]# ipython WARNING: IPython History requires SQLite, your history will not be saved Python 2.7.9 (default, Nov 22 2017, 09:37:44) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.    IPython 3.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help      -> Python's own help system. object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.    In [1]: import sys    In [2]: 3+2 Out[2]: 5 In [3]:

五、安装setuptools和pip

命令行里直接下面执行命令就行

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python get-pip.py [iyunv@MidApp ~]# pip list ipython (3.1.0) numpy (1.13.3) pip (9.0.1) setuptools (37.0.0) wheel (0.30.0)

六、我在这里遇到了几个坑，很麻烦：

1、安装pip时，遇到zipimport.ZipImportError: can’t decompress data这种错误

解决方法：

1	vim Python-2.7.9/Modules/Setup

找到下面地方，去掉注释

1	zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz

然后再使用

1	make && make install

重新编译一下python

2、再次安装pip时遇到下列错误：

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pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. Collecting six Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/six/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement six (from versions: ) No matching distribution found for six

解决方法：

1	vim Python-2.7.9/Modules/Setup

找到下面内容去掉注释，保存退出

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SSL=/usr/local/ssl _ssl _ssl.c \         -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \         -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

然后再使用

1	make && make install

重新编译一下python

3、安装完新的python版本之后，奇怪的发现yum命令不能使用了

解决方法：原来yum命令依赖于python环境，需要改一下yum所调用的python的路径变量。

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[iyunv@MidApp ~]# which yum /usr/bin/yum [iyunv@MidApp ~]# vim /usr/bin/yum

修改第一行：

1	#!/usr/bin/python2.6.6

再次使用yum命令，OK！