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[经验分享] GITLAB服务基础

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发表于 2018-1-10 23:29:28 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
1.GITLAB介绍
  一个基于GIT的源码托管解决方案
  基于Ruby on rails开发
  集成了nginx postgreSQL redis sidekiq等组件

2. 资源
  

官网:https://about.gitlab.com/downloads  
清华镜像:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/
  

  


3.安装环境要求
  

虚拟机centos7 64位  
内存2G+
  
安装版本gitlab_ce_9.0.4
  

  


4.安装依赖
  

sudo yum install curl policycoreutils openssh-server openssh-clients  
sudo systemctl enable sshd
  
sudo systemctl start sshd
  
sudo yum install postfix
  
sudo systemctl enable postfix
  
sudo systemctl start postfix
  
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http

  
sudo systemctl>  


5.执行安装
  

rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-8.9.5-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm  

  
# 修改配置文件
  
vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
  
external_url 'your_ip_address'
  
例如:
  
external_url 'http://192.168.152.140'
  

  
# 配置
  
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
  

  
# 访问
  
http://your_ip_address
  

  





6.常用命令
  

gitlab-ctl status    查看状态  
gitlab-ctl start
  
gitlab-ctl stop
  
gitlab-ctl restart
  
gitlab-ctl tail nginx 查看日志
  

  


7.Gitlab组件
  

nginx:静态Web服务器  
gitlab-shell:用于处理Git命令和修改authorized keys列表
  
gitlab-workhorse:轻量级的反向代理服务器
  
logrotate:日志文件管理工具
  
postgresql:数据库
  
redis:缓存数据库
  
sidekiq:用于在后台执行队列任务(异步执行)
  
unicorn:GitLab Rails应用是托管在这个服务器上面的。
  

  


8.目录
  

/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/:库默认存储目录  
/opt/gitlab:应用代码和相应的依赖程序
  
/var/opt/gitlab:gitlab-ctl reconfigure命令编译后的应用数据和配置文件,不需要人为修改配置
  
/etc/gitlab:配置文件目录
  
/var/log/gitlab:此目录下存放了gitlab各个组件产生的日志
  
/var/opt/gitlab/backups/:备份文件生成的目录
  

  


9.变更主配置文件
  

需要以下操作  
1、gitlab-ctl reconfigure                  重置配置文件
  
2、gitlab-ctl show-config                   验证配置文件
  
3、gitlab-ctl restart                           重启gitlab服务
  

  


10.创建对象
  

创建gourps  
创建用户
  
创建项目
  
授权项目用户
  

  

  创建组:



  创建用户:




  把用户加进组:



  创建项目:



  授权项目用户:

  属于开发者得KEY

  添加用户到项目中,有两种方式:
  既可以在组里添加,也可以再项目中添加,在组中添加会继承到项目中,在项目中添加跟组没关联。



  一个是针对组,一个是针对项目。


  由于dev1和dev2没有密码,需要设置初始密码,接入LDAP(统一账号管理)后就不需要此low b 过程了:



  再次登录时,会提示重置密码:


  添加SSH key



  此时再次ssh clone代码,现在把权限给打通了:
  

[iyunv@localhost ~]# git clone git@192.168.152.140:java/app1.git  
Cloning into 'app1'...
  
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
  
[iyunv@localhost ~]# ll
  
total 0
  
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 Nov 27 23:57 app1
  
[iyunv@localhost ~]#
  

  

  创建分支:


  主分支已创建:

  拉分支:
  

[iyunv@localhost ~]# cd app1/  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git pull
  
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
  
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
  
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
  
From 192.168.152.140:java/app1
  
* [new branch]      master     -> origin/master
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# ll
  
total 4
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Nov 28 00:10 readme
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]#
  

  


11.安装git windows客户端,并授权





  使用dev2登录,把ssh key加入:

  Windows客户端也可以了:

  以上操作都是个人SSH KEY。

12.SSH KEY管理
  

个人SSH KEY  
Deploy KEY
  

  
创建SSH KEY
  
将公钥导入用户SSHKEY
  

  
创建deploy key
  
将deploy key导入gitlab并在项目中允许
  

  
ssh key文件全局唯一
  

  

  开发者KEY:
  只能下载代码,不能上传代码,是给jenkins用得。

13.Case
  

在gitlab上创建一个库  
用git上传文件
  
创建一个分支
  
在分支上开发
  
发出merge request
  
Accept merge
  

  

  创建一个开发计划:


  Issue管理:
  

创建milestone  
创建issue
  
创建分支
  
合并分支
  
Todos
  

  
Fix #issue_id
  
Close #issue_id
  

  创建里程碑:

  创建任务:




  使用dev1登录进去就能看到分配过来得任务:

  dev1上传内容:
  

[iyunv@localhost ~]# cd app1/  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# ll
  
total 4
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Nov 28 00:10 readme
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git checkout -b shouye
  
Switched to a new branch 'shouye'
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git status
  
# On branch shouye
  
nothing to commit, working directory clean
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# echo "<h1>welcome to shenzhen</h1>" > index.html
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git add .
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git commit -m "shouye"
  
[shouye 3e3d02b] shouye
  
Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
  
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
  
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
  
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:
  

  
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
  
git config --global user.email you@example.com
  


  
After doing this, you may fix the>  

  
git commit --amend --reset-author
  

  
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
  
create mode 100644 index.html
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]#   git config --global user.name "dev1"
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]#   git config --global user.name "dev1@126.com"
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git branch
  
master
  
* shouye
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git push origin shouye
  
Counting objects: 4, done.
  
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
  
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 297 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
  
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
  
To git@192.168.152.140:java/app1.git
  
* [new branch]      shouye -> shouye
  

  现在有两个分支了:

  合并分支:

  提交:

  登录pm:


  如果没问题,就可以同意执行合并。

  登录dev1,标识任务1已完成:

  登录pm,查看进度:


  完成后,关闭issues:

  把master上代码更新下来:
  

[iyunv@localhost app1]# git checkout master  
Switched to branch 'master'
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git pull
  
remote: Counting objects: 1, done.
  
remote: Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
  
Unpacking objects: 100% (1/1), done.
  
From 192.168.152.140:java/app1
  
c647c6b..837506a  master     -> origin/master
  
Updating c647c6b..837506a
  
Fast-forward
  
index.html | 1 +
  
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
  
create mode 100644 index.html
  

  

  开发新闻模块:
  

[iyunv@localhost app1]# git checkout -b news  
Switched to a new branch 'news'
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# echo 'news center' > news.html
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git add .
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git commit -m 'close #2'
  

  
# 使用dev1合并代码,根本合并不成功,没有权限。
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git checkout master
  
Switched to branch 'master'
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git merge news
  
Updating 837506a..397b0d0
  
Fast-forward
  
news.html | 1 +
  
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
  
create mode 100644 news.html
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git log
  
commit 397b0d0221e827a323bb4772965e41489f35ab3f
  
Author: dev1@126.com <root@localhost.localdomain>
  
Date:   Wed Nov 29 00:23:19 2017 +0800
  

  
close #2
  

  
commit 837506a1c303433a7e903527bf57cc94c38be816
  
Merge: c647c6b 3e3d02b
  
Author: pm <pm@126.com>
  
Date:   Wed Nov 29 00:03:20 2017 +0800
  

  
Merge branch 'shouye' into 'master'
  

  
shouye
  

  

  

  
See merge request !1
  

  
commit 3e3d02b3681d1b6997caa4b0fcb5488172996474
  
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
  
Date:   Tue Nov 28 23:49:51 2017 +0800
  

  
shouye
  

  
commit c647c6bf695887166b3ee9d022c0737f0eb0a6a0
  
Author: Administrator <admin@example.com>
  
Date:   Tue Nov 28 00:06:48 2017 +0800
  

  
first commit
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git push origin master
  
Counting objects: 4, done.
  
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
  
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 318 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
  
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
  
remote: GitLab: You are not allowed to push code to protected branches on this project.
  
To git@192.168.152.140:java/app1.git
  
! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
  
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@192.168.152.140:java/app1.git'
  

  
# 只能老实得提交到news分支。
  

  

  root登录,查看权限:

  老老实实提交代码:
  

[iyunv@localhost app1]# git branch  
* master
  
news
  
shouye
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git checkout news
  
Switched to branch 'news'
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git push origin news
  
Counting objects: 4, done.
  
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
  
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 318 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
  
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
  
To git@192.168.152.140:java/app1.git
  
* [new branch]      news -> news
  

  使用dev1登录,创建一个merge request:

  不用修改,直接提交:

  使用pm登录,只有pm有权限:


  查看没问题后,同意:

  加上close #2可以自动关闭任务。
  目前只剩下两个任务了:

  切换回主分支,把代码拉下来:
  

[iyunv@localhost app1]# git checkout master  
Switched to branch 'master'
  
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
  
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# git pull
  
remote: Counting objects: 1, done.
  
remote: Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
  
Unpacking objects: 100% (1/1), done.
  
From 192.168.152.140:java/app1
  
837506a..7dc87ee  master     -> origin/master
  
Updating 397b0d0..7dc87ee
  
Fast-forward
  
[iyunv@localhost app1]# ll
  
total 12
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 Nov 29 00:20 index.html
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 Nov 29 00:24 news.html
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6 Nov 28 00:
  

  


14.备份管理
  备份配置:
  

vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb  
# 配置文件中加入
  
gitlab_rails['backup_path'] = '/data/backups/gitlab'
  
gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800
  
# 保存7天得备份
  

  
# 如果自定义备份目录需要赋予git权限
  
mkdir -p /data/backups/gitlab
  
chown -R git.git /data/backups/gitlab
  

  
# 重新加载配置文件,重启服务
  
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
  
gitlab-ctl restart
  

  
# 定时任务Crontab中加入
  
0 2 * * * /usr/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
  

  

  手动操作:
  

[iyunv@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create  
Dumping database ...
  
Dumping PostgreSQL database gitlabhq_production ... [DONE]
  
done
  
Dumping repositories ...
  
* java/app1 ... [DONE]
  
* java/app1.wiki ...  [SKIPPED]
  
done
  
Dumping uploads ...
  
done
  
Dumping builds ...
  
done
  
Dumping artifacts ...
  
done
  
Dumping lfs objects ...
  
done
  
Dumping container registry images ...
  
[DISABLED]
  
Creating backup archive: 1511969386_gitlab_backup.tar ... done
  
Uploading backup archive to remote storage  ... skipped
  
Deleting tmp directories ... done
  
done
  
done
  
done
  
done
  
done
  
done
  
Deleting old backups ... done. (0 removed)
  

  
[iyunv@localhost ~]# cd /data/backups/gitlab/
  
[iyunv@localhost gitlab]# ll
  
total 112
  
-rw------- 1 git git 112640 Nov 29 23:29 1511969386_gitlab_backup.tar
  
[iyunv@localhost gitlab]# date -d @1511969386
  
Wed Nov 29 23:29:46 CST 2017
  

  

  策略建议:本地保留三到七天,在异地备份永久保存
  恢复操作:
  

# 停止数据写入服务,只需要停止这两个服务  
gitlab-ctl stop unicorn
  
gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq
  

  
# 执行恢复数据操作
  
gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=1511969386
  
date -d @1511969386
  

  实战操作:

  执行上面得恢复操作命令,并重启服务:
  

# 停止数据写入服务,只需要停止这两个服务  
gitlab-ctl stop unicorn
  
gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq
  

  
# 执行恢复数据操作
  
gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=1511969386
  
date -d @1511969386
  

  
[iyunv@localhost gitlab]# gitlab-ctl restart
  
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 4473) 1s
  
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 4479) 0s
  
ok: run: nginx: (pid 4485) 1s
  
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 4492) 0s
  
ok: run: redis: (pid 4500) 1s
  
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 4504) 0s
  
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 4507) 0s
  

  


  恢复实战:
  

手工备份  
/usr/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
  
记录系统状态
  
系统变更
  
进行恢复
  

  


15.邮件配置
  

gitlab_rails['time_zone'] = 'Asia/Shanghai'  
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_enabled'] = true
  
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = 'luchuangao@126.com'
  
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = 'gitlab'
  
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
  
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.126.com"
  
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 25
  
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "luchuangao"
  
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "your_password"
  
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "126.com"
  
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
  

  


16. gitlab的api调用
  gitlab官方介绍:
  https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/api/README.html
  (1) token做认证:
  Token有三种:


  • OAuth2 tokens
  • Personal access tokens
  • Session cookie

  (2) 使用
  

curl --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: 31x2Rzxe7x7yR1RA8u8-" "http://192.168.8.8/api/v4/groups/18"  

  


17. gitlab项目迁移
  把A服务器上的gitlab项目ops导入到B服务器上的gitlab项目中
  A服务器:

  B服务器:

  操作命令:
  

#A服务器操作命令:  
cd /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/
  
tar -zcf /tmp/ops.tar.gz ops/
  
scp /tmp/ops.tar.gz root@192.168.182.138:/backup
  

  
#B服务器操作命令
  
cd /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/
  
tar -xf /backup/ops.tar.gz -C ./
  
cd ops/
  

  
# 重新生成hooks
  
#[iyunv@gitlab ops]# find . -name 'hooks'
  
#./test.git/hooks
  
#./test.wiki.git/hooks
  

  
find . -name 'hooks' -execdir mv {} hooks-old \;
  

  
#导入新的项目
  
[iyunv@gitlab ops]# gitlab-rake gitlab:import:repos
  
Processing yunwei/demo.git
  

  
* demo (yunwei/demo.git) exists
  
Processing yunwei/demo.wiki.git
  
* Skipping wiki repo
  
Processing bigdata/demo.git
  
* demo (bigdata/demo.git) exists
  
Processing bigdata/demo.wiki.git
  
* Skipping wiki repo
  
Processing ops/test.git
  

  
* Created Group ops (10)
  
* Created test (ops/test.git)
  
Processing ops/test.wiki.git
  
* Skipping wiki repo
  
Done!
  


  注意:一定要把迁移的项目hooks重新生成。
  find . -name 'hooks' -execdir mv {} hooks-old \;
  参考:https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/2082


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