centos安装ORACLE 11G

冰镇可乐

　　As we all know Oracle database is the most popular and widely used Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) in the world. This post describes step by step installation of Oracle Database 11g>. The installation steps should not be vary on most of the Red Hat based Linux distributions.
Installing Oracle Database 11g>Step 1: Install Oracle Dependencies
　　We use “oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall” package offered by “Oracle Public Yum” repository. The Oracle public yum repository provides a free and easiest way to install all the latest Oracle Linux dependencies automatically. To setup yum repository, follow the instructions provided below.
　　Use “wget” command to Download appropriate yum configuration file under /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory as root user.
RHEL/CentOs 6.x
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d　　
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
RHEL/CentOs 5.x
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d　　
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el5.repo
RHEL/CentOs 4.x
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d　　
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el4.repo
　　Now perform the following “yum” command to install all the necessary prerequisites automatically.
[root@oracle]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstallWhile importing GPG key, you might get “GPG key retrieval failed” error as shown below. Here, you need to import proper GPG key for your OS>Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle　　
GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

　　Download and verify the appropriate Oracle Linux GPG Key that best matches your RHEL/CentOS compatible OS>RHEL/CentOs 6.x
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracleRHEL/CentOs 5.x
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-el5 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracleRHEL/CentOs 4.x
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-el4 -O /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracleStep 2: Setting Hostname
　　Open the “/etc/sysconfig/network” file and modify the HOSTNAME to match your FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) host name.
[root@oracle]# vi /etc/sysconfig/networkHOSTNAME=oracle.tecmint.com　　Open “/etc/hosts” file and add fully qualified hostname for the server.
[root@oracle]# vi /etc/hosts192.168.246.128         oracle.tecmint.com              oracle　　Now you need to restart networking on the server to make sure that changes will be persistent on reboot.
[root@oracle]# /etc/init.d/network restartStep 3: Oracle User Settings
　　Set the password for the “oracle” user.
[root@oracle]# passwd oracle　　

　　
Changing password for user oracle.
　　
New password:
　　
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
　　
Retype new password:
　　
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
　　Add the entry to file “/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf” as described below.
[root@oracle]# vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf# Default limit for number of user's processes to prevent　　
# accidental fork bombs.
　　
# See rhbz #432903 for reasoning.
　　

　　
*          soft    nproc     1024# To this
　　
* - nproc 16384
　　Set SELinux to “permissive” mode by editing the file “/etc/selinux/config“.
[root@oracle]# vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=permissive　　Once you’ve made change, don’t forger to restart the server to reflect new changes.
[root@oracle]# reboot　　Login as Oracle user and open file “.bash_profile“, which is available on oracle user’s home directory, make an entries as described below. Make sure you set correct hostname to “ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.tecmint.com“.
[root@oracle]# su oracle[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi .bash_profile# Oracle Settings　　
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
　　
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
　　

　　
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.tecmint.com; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
　　
ORACLE_UNQNAME=DB11G; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
　　
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
　　
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
　　
ORACLE_SID=DB11G; export ORACLE_SID
　　
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
　　
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
　　

　　
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
　　
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH export PATH
　　Switch to root user and issue the following command to allow Oracle user to access X Server.
[root@oracle]# xhost +　　Create the directories and set the appropriate permissions in which the Oracle software will be installed.
[root@oracle]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1　　
[root@oracle]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
　　
[root@oracle]# chmod -R 775 /u01
Step 4: Downloading Oracle Software
　　Sign-up and Download the Oracle software using the following link.

• 
  　　Oracle Database 11g>
  

　　Download Oracle 11g>　　The Oracle package contains 2 zip files which you must first accept the license agreement before downloading. I’ve given the files names for you reference, please download these files for your system architecture somewhere under “/home/oracle/“.
For Linux x86 Systems
http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip　　
http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
For Linux x86-64 Systems
http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip　　
http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
Step 5: Oracle Installation
　　Now let’s start Oracle installation. First of all need to switch as ‘oracle’ user to install database.
[oracle@oracle ~]$ su oracle　　Extract compressed Oracle database source files to the same directory “/home/oracle/“.
[oracle@oracle ~]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip　　

　　
[oracle@oracle ~]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
　　Post unzip source file, directory called database will be created, go to inside the directory and execute below script to start Oracle database installation process.
[oracle@oracle database]$ cd database　　

　　
[oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller
　　1. RunInstaller will call Oracle Universal Installer (OUI), wherein look and feel & steps are the same across all the operating system.
　　Oracle Universal Installer
　　2. Provide your email address to be informed of security issues and receive security updates.
　　Configure Oracle Security Updates
　　3. Create and Configure a Database
　　Create Oracle Database
　　4. Choose the system>Desktop or Server.

　　Select Oracle System>　　5. Select the type of database installation you want to perform.
　　Select Database Installation Type
　　6. Select “Typical install” option to install full oracle installation with basic configuration.
　　Select Typical Install
　　7. Set Administrative password and perform full Database installation with basic configuration.
　　Set Oracle Administrative Password
　　8. Please click on “Yes” to continue with installation.
　　Typical Install Configuration Confirm
　　9. Create Inventory
　　Create Inventory
　　10. If you>Fix & Check Again“. Oracle fixes Prerequisites by itself. This is the new feature of Oracle Database 11g.
　　Perform Prerequisite Checks
　　The pdksh package is not available in Oracle repository due to which you need to download and install it manually.
[root@oracle]# wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/redhat-archive/6.2/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS/pdksh-5.2.14-2.i386.rpm　　During pdksh package installation you may encountered conflict error of ksh package. Remove ksh package forcefully and install the pdksh package with given below command:-
[root@oracle]# rpm -e ksh-20100621-19.el6_4.4.i686 --nodeps　　
[root@oracle]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-2.i386.rpm
　　11. Performing Prerequisite checks: It’s test whether sufficient total SWAP space is available on the system.
　　Performing Prerequisite SWAP Check
　　12. Installation Summary: Click on Save Response File. This file is useful for Oracle Silent Mode Installation
　　Oracle Installation Summary
　　13. Save Response File somewhere in your system.
　　Save Response File
　　14. Product Installation Progress
　　Product Install
　　15. Copying database files
　　Copying Database Files
　　16. Click on “Password Management“.
　　Oracle Password Management
　　17. Set password for user “SYS” and click on OK to continue.
　　Set SYS User Password
　　18. Configuration scripts need to be executed as the “root” user. Go to the path given in the screen and execute the scripts one by one. Click on ‘OK‘ once scripts is executed.
　　Execute Configuration Scripts
[root@oracle]# cd /u01/app/oraInventory　　
[root@oracle oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.　　
Adding read,write permissions for group.
　　
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
　　

　　
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
　　
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@oracle]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/　　
[root@oracle dbhome_2]# ./root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...　　

　　
The following environment variables are set as:
　　
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
　　
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2
　　

　　
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
　　
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
　　
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
　　
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
　　

　　
Creating /etc/oratab file...
　　
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
　　
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
　　
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
　　
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
　　
Finished product-specific root actions.
　　19. The installation of Oracle Database is successful.
　　Oracle Installation Finish
　　20. To test your Oracle installation navigate to web based management interface for your system at “localhost” with the user name “SYS” connecting as “SYSDBA” and using the password you set during the install of Oracle. Remember to open port 1158 on your firewall and restart the iptables service.
[root@oracle]# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1158 -j ACCEPT　　
[root@oracle]# service iptables restart
https://localhost:1158/em/　　Oracle Enterprise Manager Login
　　21. Oracle Enterprise Database Control Manager
　　Oracle Database Control Manager
　　Now you can start using Oracle. I highly recommend you to follow the Oracle Documentation for more help. There are number of client applications out there which can help you, like the command line tool called Oracle Instant Client and the Oracle SQL Developer UI program.
　　This is end of the Oracle Database Software Installation. In our upcoming article we will be covering how to create database using DBCA and how to Start-up and Shutdown Oracle Database. Please stay tuned…!!!