Linux:安装Java环境

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　　JDK下载地址
OracleJDK:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
首先需要下载jdk：
用 wget 直接下载 Oracle 的 jdk - Eric的日志 - 网易博客  http://blog.163.com/yg_qi/blog/static/96721735201411351937286/
wget和curl方式下载JDK_Linux教程_Linux公社-Linux系统门户网站  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-10/135925.htm
关于使用wget下载oracleJDK问题 - 尧十九 - 博客园  http://www.cnblogs.com/we4thy/p/6827871.html
由于oracle上的下载页面有跳转，直接用wget下载下来的只是html页面。可以用下面的命令：
wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u74-b02/jdk-8u74-linux-x64.tar.gz"
OpenJDK :http://openjdk.java.net/
0.查看系统版本信息
1.Windows端下载完成后，通过文件夹共享到Linux上
2.Linux端使用相关命令下载
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方法一：手动解压JDK的压缩包，然后设置环境变量
1.在/usr/目录下创建java目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/usr/java
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/java
2.下载jdk,然后解压
阿里云CentOS下安装jdk - pkufork - 博客园  http://www.cnblogs.com/pkufork/p/java_sdk.html
[root@localhost java]# curl -O http://download.Oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@localhost java]# tar -zxvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u152-b16/aa0333dd3019491ca4f6ddbe78cdb6d0/jdk-8u152-linux-x64.tar.gz
3.设置环境变量
[root@localhost java]# vi /etc/profile
在profile中添加如下内容:

#set java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_60
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH　　让修改生效:
[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile
4.验证JDK有效性

[root@localhost java]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)　　方法二：用yum安装JDK
1.查看yum库中都有哪些jdk版本(暂时只发现了openjdk)

[root@localhost ~]# yum search java|grep jdk
ldapjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : Javadoc for ldapjdk
java-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.6.0-openjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.6.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.7.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos
java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment
java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation
java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle
ldapjdk.x86_64 : The Mozilla LDAP Java SDK　　2.选择版本,进行安装
//选择1.7版本进行安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk
//安装完之后，默认的安装目录是在: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64
3.设置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile
在profile文件中添加如下内容
#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
让修改生效
[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile
4.验证(同上一方法)
方法三：用rpm安装JDK
1.下载rpm安装文件
[root@localhost ~]$ curl -O http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm
2.使用rpm命令安装
[root@localhost  ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm
3.设置环境变量
[root@localhost java]# vi /etc/profile
在打开的profile文件中添加如下内容
#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
让修改生效
[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile
4.验证(同上一方法)
注:和yum安装类似，不用设置环境变量就可以运行java命令。rpm安装方式默认会把jdk安装到/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79，然后通过三层链接，链接到/usr/bin,具体链接如下：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /bin
[root@localhost bin]# ll|grep java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    25 Mar 28 11:24 jar ->/usr/java/default/bin/jar
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    26 Mar 28 11:24 java -> /usr/java/default/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    27 Mar 28 11:24 javac ->/usr/java/default/bin/javac
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    29 Mar 28 11:24 javadoc ->/usr/java/default/bin/javadoc
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    28 Mar 28 11:24 javaws ->/usr/java/default/bin/javaws
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    30 Mar 28 11:24 jcontrol ->/usr/java/default/bin/jcontrol
[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/java/
[root@localhost java]# ll
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  16 Mar 28 11:24 default-> /usr/java/latest
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 4096 Mar 28 11:24 jdk1.7.0_79
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  21 Mar 28 11:24 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
方法四：Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安装JDK
1.查看apt库都有哪些jdk版本
root@linuxidc:~# apt-cache search java|grep jdk
default-jdk - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit
default-jdk-doc - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)
gcj-4.6-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
openjdk-6-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-6-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-6-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-6-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-6-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
openjdk-6-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
openjdk-7-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-7-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-7-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-7-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-7-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
uwsgi-plugin-jvm-openjdk-6 - Java plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
uwsgi-plugin-jwsgi-openjdk-6 - JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
openjdk-6-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-6-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-7-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-7-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-7-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
2.选择版本进行安装
root@linuxidc:~# apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
3.设置环境变量
root@linuxidc:~# vi /etc/profile
在打开的profile文件中添加如下内容
#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
让修改生效
root@linuxidc:~# source /etc/profile
4.验证(同上一方法)