#ls命令:通过ls 命令不仅可以查看linux文件夹包含的文件,而且可以查看文件权限(包括目录、文件夹、文件权限),查看目录信息等等
[root@VM_168_102_centos /]# ls
bin data etc lib lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
boot dev home lib64 media opt root selinux sys usr
ls –a:显示所有文件,包含.开头的隐藏文件
[root@VM_168_102_centos /]# ls -a
. .readahead_collect dev lib64 opt selinux usr
.. bin etc lost+found proc srv var
.autofsck boot home media root sys
.autorelabel data lib mnt sbin tmp
ls –l:列出文件的详细信息
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:45 a
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root root 105 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1002.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 09:48 ap_1004.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 103 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1005.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:51 ap_1007.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:09 ap_1008.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:44 ceshi
d //文件类型 rwxr-xr-x //文件权限 3 //硬链接数 wanghan //属主 root //属组 4096 Aug 4 20:41 //最近一次修改时间 wanghan //文件名
ls –d:显示目录自身的信息,结合-l使用直接查看目录自身详细信息
[root@VM_168_102_centos etc]# ls -d
.
[root@VM_168_102_centos etc]# ls -ld
drwxr-xr-x 75 root root 4096 Aug 9 03:28 .
[root@VM_168_102_centos etc]#
ls -r:逆序显示
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:45 a
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root root 105 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1002.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 09:48 ap_1004.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 103 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1005.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:51 ap_1007.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:09 ap_1008.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:44 ceshi
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:41 wanghan
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -rl
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:41 wanghan
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:44 ceshi
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:09 ap_1008.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:51 ap_1007.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 103 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1005.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 09:48 ap_1004.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 105 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1002.pid
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:45 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]#
ls -R:同时显示其下子目录文件
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# cd a
[root@VM_168_102_centos a]# ls
b
[root@VM_168_102_centos a]# ls -R
.:
b
./b:
c
./b/c:
d
./b/c/d:
e
./b/c/d/e:
f
./b/c/d/e/f:
abcd
./b/c/d/e/f/abcd:
[root@VM_168_102_centos a]#
ls -h:以容易理解的方式显示文件大小
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:45 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:44 ceshi
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:41 wanghan
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -lh
total 24K
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4.0K Aug 4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4.0K Aug 4 20:45 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4.0K Aug 4 20:44 ceshi
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4.0K Aug 4 20:41 wanghan
ls -i:显示出文件inode号
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -li
total 24
458762 drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053
458767 drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:45 a
458758 srwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
458755 -rw------- 1 root root 105 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1002.pid
458756 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 09:48 ap_1004.pid
458759 -rw------- 1 root root 103 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1005.pid
458760 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:51 ap_1007.pid
458757 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:09 ap_1008.pid
458761 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
458766 drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:44 ceshi
458764 drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:41 wanghan
// 458764 inode号
#tree命令:显示磁盘目录结构
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# tree
.
|-- 2014-08-04-212053
|-- a
| `-- b
| `-- c
| `-- d
| `-- e
| `-- f
| `-- abcd
|-- agent_cmd.sock
|-- ap_1002.pid
|-- ap_1004.pid
|-- ap_1005.pid
|-- ap_1007.pid
|-- ap_1008.pid
|-- ap_1014.pid
|-- ceshi
`-- wanghan
`-- test
11 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]#
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# alias
alias cp='cp -i'
alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]#
定义指令别名:
alias 别名=‘原始指令’
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# alias test=ls
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# test
2014-08-04-212053 a agent_cmd.sock ap_1002.pid ap_1004.pid ap_1005.pid ap_1007.pid ap_1008.pid ap_1014.pid ceshi wanghan
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# alias test='ls -l'
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# test
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:45 a
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root root 105 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1002.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 09:48 ap_1004.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 103 Aug 2 11:36 ap_1005.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:51 ap_1007.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 2 10:09 ap_1008.pid
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:44 ceshi
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug 4 20:41 wanghan
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]#
取消指令别名:
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# unalias test
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# tes
#cat:查看文本文件内容
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# cat /tmp/test.sh
test
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]#
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ping www.baidu.com > test.log &
[1] 12906
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# tail -f test.log
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=8 ttl=49 time=37.2 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=9 ttl=49 time=37.2 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=10 ttl=49 time=37.2 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=11 ttl=49 time=37.3 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=12 ttl=49 time=39.4 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=13 ttl=49 time=37.2 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=14 ttl=49 time=37.3 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=15 ttl=49 time=37.1 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=16 ttl=49 time=37.2 ms