MYSQL搭建主从服务器,实现双机同步。 一、实施环境 虚拟机环境:Vmare8.0 操作系统环境:Redhat 6.0(32位)两台 主服务器:192.168.137.10/24 从服务器:192.168.137.30/24 采用nat方式网络互连 Mysql版本。5.1.62 二、实施步骤 主服务器步骤(192.168.137.) 解压mysql # tar -zxf mysql-5.1.62.tar.gz # cd mysql-5.1.62.tar.gz 编译安装,去掉debug模式(安装目录能少20~30Mb) # ./configure --without-debug --with-mysqld-ldflags=--all-static --with-client-ldflags=--all-static --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ ;make ;make install 将mysql目录用户和组改为mysql #chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ 初始化数据库 #/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql 复制数据库的中等配置文件 #cp -pr support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/init.d/my.cnf 复制数据库的启动配置文件 #cp -pr support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 赋予root用户执行读写权限 #chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld 起mysql服务 service mysqld start 修改mysqlroot 用户密码 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456' 进入mysql数据库 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p
创建数据库
从属同步服务器(192.168.137.30)同样配置 切换到主服务器(192.168.137.10),进入数据库; 创建一个用户使得从服务器用于同步,
修改主服务器的mysql配置文件my.cnf 最主要的是加上server-id=1;以及log-bin=mysql-bin; 贴上自己的配置文件 # Example MySQL config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M binlog-do-db=abc ###需要同步的数据 # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=mysql-bin #应用于二进制同步 必须有 # binary logging format - mixed recommended binlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 #设置主服务器,必须有 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended log-bin=mysql-bin ########这个必须有 # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysql_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log #日志也很重要,出错了我们可以有据可查 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ##########################################################3 从属服务器my.cnf配置文件 # Example MySQL config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M user=mysql old_passwords=1 # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication #log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended binlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted #server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted server-id = 2 #开启从属服务器配置 若有多个,累加1 # # The replication master for this slave - required master-host =192.168.137.10 #主服务器ip地址 # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required master-user =test1 #主服务器用户名 即授权同步的用户 # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required master-password =test1 #授权同步用户的密码 # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 master-port =3306 #授权同步的端口号 # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended log-bin=mysql-bin #开启二级制同步 master-connect-retry=10 #尝试连接次数 replicate-do-db=abc #同步的数据库 replicate-ignore-db=mysql #不同步的数据库 [mysqld_safe] log_error=/var/log/mysqld.log #日志文件 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid #mysql运行时的pid号 # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var # You can set .._buffer_p ool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 配置完后重启mysql; 进入主服务器mysql数据库abc test1表内插入数据;
然后进入从服务器,进入mysql,输入slave start;
进入abc数据库查看
已经同步成功; 最后,总结: 利用mysql的主从功能,可以实现磁盘raid1功能,节省成本,提高资源利用率,但也有敝处,受制于网络环境的影响等等。
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