奔跑吧ansible电子书带书签pdf

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原书推荐序 ................................................................................xxiii
前言 .......................................................................................... xxv
第1 章　概述 ................................................................................1
关于版本的说明 .....................................................................................................2
Ansible 的优点 .......................................................................................................2
Ansible 如何运作 ...................................................................................................3
Ansible 的精妙设计有哪些 ....................................................................................4
易读的语法 .....................................................................................................4
远程主机无须安装任何依赖 ...........................................................................5
基于推送模式 ..................................................................................................5
Ansible 管理小规模集群 .................................................................................6
内置模块 .........................................................................................................6
非常轻量的抽象层 ..........................................................................................7
Ansible 太过于简单了吗 ........................................................................................8
我需要具备哪些基础知识 ......................................................................................9
哪些内容不会涉及 .................................................................................................9
安装Ansible.........................................................................................................10
建立一台用于测试的服务器 ................................................................................ 11
使用Vagrant 来创建测试服务器 ................................................................... 11
xiv ｜ 目录
将测试服务器的信息配置在Ansible 中 ........................................................15
使用ansible.cfg 文件来简化配置 ..................................................................16
继续前进 ..............................................................................................................20
第2 章　playbook ：一切的开端 ...................................................21
一些准备工作 ......................................................................................................21
一个简单的playbook ...........................................................................................22
指定一个nginx 配置文件 ..............................................................................24
创建一个定制的首页 .....................................................................................25
创建一个webservers 群组 .............................................................................25
运行这个playbook ...............................................................................................26
playbook 是YAML 格式的 ..................................................................................28
文件的起始 ...................................................................................................28
注释 ...............................................................................................................28
字符串 ...........................................................................................................28
布尔型 ...........................................................................................................29
列表 ...............................................................................................................29
字典 ...............................................................................................................30
折行 ...............................................................................................................30
剖析playbook ......................................................................................................31
play................................................................................................................32
task ................................................................................................................33
模块 ...............................................................................................................34
将它们整合在一起 ........................................................................................35
执行Ansible 后发生变化了吗？跟踪主机状态 ...................................................36
来点更酷炫的：添加TLS 支持 ...........................................................................36
生成TLS 证书 ...............................................................................................38
变量 ...............................................................................................................38
生成nginx 配置模板 .....................................................................................40
handler ...........................................................................................................41
运行playbook................................................................................................43
第3 章　inventory ：描述你的服务器 ............................................45
inventory 文件 ......................................................................................................45
准备工作：创建多台Vagrant 虚拟机 ..................................................................46
inventory 行为参数 ..............................................................................................49
ansible_connection ........................................................................................50
ansible_shell_type .........................................................................................50
ansible_python_interpreter .............................................................................50
ansible_*_interpreter .....................................................................................50
改变行为参数的默认值 .................................................................................51
群组 .....................................................................................................................51
范例：部署一个Django 应用........................................................................52
别名和端口 ...................................................................................................55
群组嵌套 .......................................................................................................55
编号主机（宠物vs. 公牛） ............................................................................56
主机与群组变量：在inventory 内部 ...................................................................56
主机和群组变量：在各自的文件中 .....................................................................58
动态inventory ......................................................................................................60
动态inventory 脚本的接口 ...........................................................................61
编写动态inventory 脚本 ...............................................................................62
预装的inventory 脚本 ...................................................................................65
将inventory 分割到多个文件中 ...........................................................................66
使用add_host 和group_by 在运行时添加条目 .............................................66
add_host ........................................................................................................66
group_by .......................................................................................................68
第4 章　 变量与fact ...................................................................71
在playbook 中定义变量 ......................................................................................71
查看变量的值 ......................................................................................................72
注册变量 ..............................................................................................................72
fact .......................................................................................................................76
查看与某台服务器关联的所有fact ...............................................................77
查看fact 子集 ................................................................................................77
任何模块都可以返回fact ..............................................................................79
本地fact ........................................................................................................79
使用set_fact 定义新变量 .....................................................................................80
内置变量 ..............................................................................................................81
hostvars .........................................................................................................81
inventory_hostname .......................................................................................82
groups ............................................................................................................82
在命令行设置变量 ...............................................................................................83
优先级 ..................................................................................................................84
第5 章　初识Mezzanine ：我们的测试应用 .................................85
为什么向生产环境部署软件是一件复杂的事 ......................................................85
PostgreSQL ：数据库 .....................................................................................88
Gunicon ：应用服务器 ...................................................................................88
nginx ：Web 服务器 .......................................................................................89
Supervisor ：进程管理器 ...............................................................................90
第6 章　使用Ansible 部署Mezzanine .........................................91
列出playbook 中的task .......................................................................................91
组织要部署的文件 ...............................................................................................92
变量与私密变量 ...................................................................................................92
使用迭代（with_items）安装多个软件包 ...........................................................94
向task 中添加sudo 语句 .....................................................................................96
更新apt 缓存 .......................................................................................................96
使用Git 来Check Out 项目源码 ..........................................................................98
将Mezzanine 和其他软件包安装到virtualenv 中 ................................................99
task 中的复杂参数：稍微跑个题 ....................................................................... 102
创建数据库和数据库用户 .................................................................................. 104
从模板生成local_settings.py 文件 ..................................................................... 105
运行django-manage 命令................................................................................... 108
在应用环境中运行自定义的Python 脚本 .......................................................... 110
设置服务的配置文件 ................................................................................... 112
启用nginx 配置文件 .......................................................................................... 115
安装TLS 证书 ................................................................................................... 116
目录 ｜ xvii
安装Twitter 计划任务 ........................................................................................ 117
playbook 全文 .................................................................................................... 118
在Vagrant 虚拟机上运行playbook .................................................................... 121
将Mezzanine 部署到多台主机 .......................................................................... 122
第7 章　 复杂playbook ............................................................123
在控制主机上运行task ...................................................................................... 123
在涉及的主机以外的机器上运行task................................................................ 124
手动采集fact ..................................................................................................... 124
逐台主机运行 .................................................................................................... 125
只执行一次 ........................................................................................................ 126
处理不利行为命令：changed_when 和failed_when .......................................... 127
从主机获取IP 地址............................................................................................ 131
使用Vault 加密敏感数据 ................................................................................... 132
通过模式匹配指定主机 ...................................................................................... 133
限定某些主机运行 ............................................................................................. 134
过滤器 ................................................................................................................ 135
default 过滤器 ............................................................................................. 135
用于注册变量的过滤器 ............................................................................... 135
应用于文件路径的过滤器 ........................................................................... 136
编写你自己的过滤器 ................................................................................... 137
lookup ................................................................................................................ 138
file ............................................................................................................... 139
pipe.............................................................................................................. 140
env ............................................................................................................... 140
password ...................................................................................................... 141
template ....................................................................................................... 141
csvfile .......................................................................................................... 141
dnstxt ........................................................................................................... 142
redis_kv ....................................................................................................... 143
etcd .............................................................................................................. 144
编写你自己的lookup 插件 .......................................................................... 145
更复杂的循环 .................................................................................................... 145
with_lines .................................................................................................... 146
with_fileglob ............................................................................................... 146
with_dict ...................................................................................................... 147
将循环结构用作lookup 插件 ...................................................................... 148
第8 章　role ：扩展你的playbook .............................................149
role 的基本构成 ................................................................................................. 149
范例：Database 和Mezzanine role .................................................................... 150
在你的playbook 中使用role ............................................................................. 150
Pre-Task 和Post-Task ......................................................................................... 152
用于部署数据库的“database” role ................................................................... 153
用于部署Mezzanine 的“mezzanine” role ......................................................... 155
使用ansible-galaxy 创建role 文件与目录 ......................................................... 160
从属role ........................................................................................................... 160
Ansible Galaxy ................................................................................................... 161
Web 界面 ..................................................................................................... 161
命令行工具 ................................................................................................. 162
向Galaxy 贡献你自己编写的role ............................................................... 163
第9 章　让Ansible 快到飞起 .....................................................165
SSH Multiplexing 与ControlPersist ................................................................... 165
手动启用SSH Multiplexing ........................................................................ 166
Ansible 中的SSH Multiplexing 选项........................................................... 167
pipelining ........................................................................................................... 169
启用pipelining ............................................................................................ 169
将主机配置为支持pipelining ...................................................................... 169
fact 缓存 ............................................................................................................. 171
JSON 文件fact 缓存后端 ............................................................................ 172
Redis fact 缓存后端 ..................................................................................... 173
Memcached fact 缓存后端 ........................................................................... 173
并行性 ................................................................................................................ 174
加速模式 ............................................................................................................ 175
火球模式 ............................................................................................................ 175
第10 章　自定义模块 ................................................................177
范例：检测远程服务器是否可达 ....................................................................... 177
使用script 模块替代编写自己的模块 ................................................................ 177
模块形式的can_reach ........................................................................................ 178
自定义模块该放到哪里 ...................................................................................... 179
Ansible 如何调用模块 ........................................................................................ 179
生成带有参数的独立Python 脚本（仅限Python 模块） ............................. 179
将模块复制到远程主机 ............................................................................... 179
在远程主机上创建参数文件（仅限非Python 模块） .................................. 179
调用模块 ..................................................................................................... 180
预期的输出 ........................................................................................................ 181
Ansible 预期的输出变量 ............................................................................. 181
使用Python 来实现模块 .................................................................................... 182
解析参数 ..................................................................................................... 183
访问参数 ..................................................................................................... 184
导入AnsibleModule 辅助类 ........................................................................ 184
参数选项 ..................................................................................................... 185
AnsibleModule 的初始化参数 ..................................................................... 188
返回成功或失败 .......................................................................................... 191
调用外部命令 .............................................................................................. 192
检测模式（dry run） .................................................................................... 193
文档化你的模块 ................................................................................................. 194
调试你的模块 .................................................................................................... 196
使用Bash 实现模块 ........................................................................................... 197
为Bash 指定替代的位置 .................................................................................... 198
范例模块 ............................................................................................................ 199
第11 章　Vagrant .....................................................................201
便捷的Vagrant 配置项 ....................................................................................... 201
端口转发和私有IP 地址 ............................................................................. 201
启用agent forwarding ................................................................................. 203
Ansible 置备器 ................................................................................................... 203
置备器何时运行 ................................................................................................. 204
由Vagrant 生成inventory .................................................................................. 204
并行配置 ............................................................................................................ 205
指定群组 ............................................................................................................ 206
第12 章　Amazon EC2 .............................................................209
术语 ................................................................................................................... 211
实例 ............................................................................................................. 211
Amazon 系统镜像 ....................................................................................... 211
标签 ............................................................................................................. 211
指定认证凭据 .................................................................................................... 212
环境变量 ..................................................................................................... 212
配置文件 ..................................................................................................... 213
必要条件：Boto Python 库 ................................................................................ 213
动态inventory .................................................................................................... 214
inventory 缓存 ............................................................................................. 216
其他配置项 ................................................................................................. 217
自动生成群组 .............................................................................................. 217
使用标签定义动态群组 ...................................................................................... 217
把标签应用到现有资源 ............................................................................... 218
更好听的群组名 .......................................................................................... 219
EC2 Virtual Private Cloud（VPC）和EC2 Classic ............................................ 219
配置ansible.cfg 支持使用EC2 .......................................................................... 220
启动新的实例 .................................................................................................... 221
EC2 密钥对 ........................................................................................................ 222
创建新的密钥 .............................................................................................. 222
上传已有密钥 .............................................................................................. 224
安全组 ................................................................................................................ 224
允许的IP 地址 ............................................................................................ 226
安全组端口 ................................................................................................. 226
获取最新的AMI ................................................................................................ 226
向群组中添加一个新的实例 .............................................................................. 227
等待服务器启动 ................................................................................................. 230
创建实例的幂等性方法 ...................................................................................... 231
全部加在一起 .................................................................................................... 231
指定Virtual Private Cloud ................................................................................. 233
动态inventory 和VPC ................................................................................ 237
构建 AMI ........................................................................................................... 238
使用ec2_ami 模块 ...................................................................................... 238
使用Packer ................................................................................................. 238
其他模块 ............................................................................................................ 242
第13 章　Docker ......................................................................243
Docker 与Ansible 配合案例 .............................................................................. 244
Docker 应用的生命周期 ..................................................................................... 244
容器化我们的Mezzanine 应用 .......................................................................... 245
使用Ansible 创建Docker 镜像 .......................................................................... 247
Mezzanine ................................................................................................... 248
其他的容器镜像 ................................................................................................. 253
Postgres ....................................................................................................... 253
Memcached .................................................................................................. 253
Nginx ........................................................................................................... 254
certs ............................................................................................................. 255
构建镜像 ..................................................................................................... 256
部署Docker 化的应用 ....................................................................................... 256
启动数据库容器 ................................................................................................. 257
获取数据库容器的IP 地址和映射端口 .............................................................. 257
等待数据库启动 ................................................................................................. 261
初始化数据库 .............................................................................................. 263
启动Memcached 容器 ................................................................................. 264
启动Mezzanine 容器 ................................................................................... 264
启动证书容器 .............................................................................................. 265
启动Nginx 容器 .......................................................................................... 265
完整的playbook ................................................................................................ 266
第14 章　调试Ansible playbook ...............................................269
调试SSH 问题 ................................................................................................... 269
xxii ｜ 目录
debug 模块 ......................................................................................................... 271
assert 模块 .......................................................................................................... 271
在执行前检查你的playbook .............................................................................. 273
语法检查 ..................................................................................................... 273
列出主机 ..................................................................................................... 273
列出task ...................................................................................................... 274
检测模式 .................................................................................................... 274
diff（显示文件差异） ................................................................................... 275
限制特定的task 运行 ......................................................................................... 275
step .............................................................................................................. 275
start-at-task .................................................................................................. 276
tags .............................................................................................................. 276
继续向前 ............................................................................................................ 277
附录A　SSH ............................................................................279
附录B　默认设置 ......................................................................289
附录C　为EC2 证书使用IAM role ............................................293
术语 ..........................................................................................297
参考文献 ...................................................................................303
索引 ..........................................................................................305

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