Powershell命令中的 CommonParameters是指什么

sunren

　　因为在命令中经常遇到这个参数，后来找了一下，有一个微软的官方文档，就不翻译了，英文好的自己读吧。
　　https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_commonparameters?view=powershell-5.1&viewFallbackFrom=powershell-Microsoft.PowerShell.Core
about_CommonParameters
SHORT DESCRIPTION
　　Describes the parameters that can be used with any cmdlet.
LONG DESCRIPTION
　　The common parameters are a set of cmdlet parameters that you can use with any cmdlet. They are implemented by Windows PowerShell, not by the cmdlet developer, and they are automatically available to any cmdlet.
　　You can use the common parameters with any cmdlet, but they might not have an effect on all cmdlets. For example, if a cmdlet does not generate any verbose output, using the Verbose common parameter has no effect.
　　The common parameters are also available on advanced functions that use the CmdletBinding attribute or the Parameter attribute, and on all workflows.
　　Several common parameters override system defaults or preferences that you set by using the Windows PowerShell preference variables. Unlike the preference variables, the common parameters affect only the commands in which they are used.
　　In addition to the common parameters, many cmdlets offer the WhatIf and Confirm risk mitigation parameters. Cmdlets that involve risk to the system or to user data usually offer these parameters.
　　The following list displays the common parameters. Their aliases are listed in parentheses.
　　-Debug (db) -ErrorAction (ea) -ErrorVariable (ev) -InformationAction -InformationVariable -OutVariable (ov) -OutBuffer (ob) -PipelineVariable (pv) -Verbose (vb) -WarningAction (wa) -WarningVariable (wv
　　The risk mitigation parameters are: -WhatIf (wi) -Confirm (cf)
　　For more information about preference variables, type: help about_Preference_Variables
COMMON PARAMETER DESCRIPTIONS
-Debug[:{$true | $false}]
　　Alias: db
　　Displays programmer-level detail about the operation performed by the command. This parameter works only when the command generates a debugging message. For example, this parameter works when a command contains the Write-Debug cmdlet.
　　The Debug parameter overrides the value of the $DebugPreference variable for the current command, setting the value of $DebugPreference to Inquire. Because the default value of the $DebugPreference variable is SilentlyContinue, debugging messages are not displayed by default.
Valid values:
　　$true (-Debug:$true). Has the same effect as -Debug.
　　$false (-Debug:$false). Suppresses the display of debugging messages when the value of the $DebugPreference is not SilentlyContinue (the default).
-ErrorAction[:{Continue | Ignore | Inquire | SilentlyContinue | Stop | Suspend }]
　　Alias: ea
　　Determines how the cmdlet responds to a non-terminating error from the command. This parameter works only when the command generates a non-terminating error, such as those from the Write-Error cmdlet.
　　The ErrorAction parameter overrides the value of the $ErrorActionPreference variable for the current command. Because the default value of the $ErrorActionPreference variable is Continue, error messages are displayed and execution continues unless you use the ErrorAction parameter.
　　The ErrorAction parameter has no effect on terminating errors (such as missing data, parameters that are not valid, or insufficient permissions) that prevent a command from completing successfully.
Valid values:
　　Continue. Displays the error message and continues executing the command. "Continue" is the default value.
　　Ignore. Suppresses the error message and continues executing the command. Unlike SilentlyContinue, Ignore does not add the error message to the $Error automatic variable. The Ignore value is introduced in Windows PowerShell 3.0.
　　Inquire. Displays the error message and prompts you for confirmation before continuing execution. This value is rarely used.
　　SilentlyContinue. Suppresses the error message and continues executing the command.
　　Stop. Displays the error message and stops executing the command.
　　Suspend. This value is only available in Windows PowerShell workflows. When a workflow runs into terminating error, this action preference automatically suspends the job to allow for further investigation. After investigation, the workflow can be resumed.
-ErrorVariable [+]
　　Alias: ev
　　Stores error messages about the command in the specified variable and in the $Error automatic variable. For more information, type the following command:
　　get-help about_Automatic_Variables
　　By default, new error messages overwrite error messages that are already stored in the variable. To append the error message to the variable content, type a plus sign (+) before the variable name.
　　For example, the following command creates the $a variable and then stores any errors in it:
　　Get-Process -Id 6 -ErrorVariable a
　　The following command adds any error messages to the $a variable:
　　Get-Process -Id 2 -ErrorVariable +a
　　The following command displays the contents of $a:
　　$a
　　You can use this parameter to create a variable that contains only error messages from specific commands. The $Error automatic variable contains error messages from all the commands in the session. You can use array notation, such as $a[0] or $error[1,2] to refer to specific errors stored in the variables.
-InformationAction [:{SilentlyContinue | Stop | Continue | Inquire | Ignore | Suspend}]
　　Alias: ia
　　Introduced in Windows PowerShell 5.0. Within the command or script in which it is used, the InformationAction common parameter overrides the value of the $InformationPreference preference variable, which by default is set to SilentlyContinue. When you use Write-Information in a script with -InformationAction, Write-Information values are shown depending on the value of the -InformationAction parameter. For more information about $InformationPreference, see about_Preference_Variables.
Valid values:
　　Stop: Stops a command or script at an occurrence of the Write-Information command.
　　Ignore Suppresses the informational message and continues running the command. Unlike SilentlyContinue, Ignore completely "forgets" the informational message; it does not add the informational message to the information stream.
　　Inquire: Displays the informational message that you specify in a Write-Information command, then asks whether you want to continue.
　　Continue: Displays the informational message, and continues running.
　　Suspend: Automatically suspends a workflow job after a Write-Information command is carried out, to allow users to see the messages before continuing. The workflow can be resumed at the user’s discretion.
　　SilentlyContinue: No effect. The informational messages are not (Default) displayed, and the script continues without interruption.
-InformationVariable [+]
　　Alias: iv
　　Introduced in Windows PowerShell 5.0. Within the command or script in which it is used, the InformationVariable common parameter stores in a variable a string that you specify by adding the Write-Information command. Write-Information values are shown depending on the value of the -InformationAction common parameter; if you do not add the -InformationAction common parameter, Write-Information strings are shown depending on the value of the $InformationPreference preference variable. For more information about $InformationPreference, see about_Preference_Variables.
-OutBuffer
　　Alias: ob
　　Determines the number of objects to accumulate in a buffer before any objects are sent through the pipeline. If you omit this parameter, objects are sent as they are generated.
　　This resource management parameter is designed for advanced users. When you use this parameter, Windows PowerShell does not call the next cmdlet in the pipeline until the number of objects generated equals OutBuffer + 1. Thereafter, it sends all objects as they are generated.
-OutVariable [+]
　　Alias: ov
　　Stores output objects from the command in the specified variable and displays it at the command line.
　　To add the output to the variable, instead of replacing any output that might already be stored there, type a plus sign (+) before the variable name.
　　For example, the following command creates the $out variable and stores the process object in it:
　　Get-Process PowerShell -OutVariable out
　　The following command adds the process object to the $out variable:
　　Get-Process iexplore -OutVariable +out
　　The following command displays the contents of the $out variable:
　　$out
-PipelineVariable
　　Alias: pv
　　PipelineVariable stores the value of the current pipeline element as a variable, for any named command as it flows through the pipeline.
　　Valid values are strings, the same as for any variable names.
　　The following is an example of how PipelineVariable works. In this example, the PipelineVariable parameter is added to a Foreach-Object command to store the results of the command in variables. A range of numbers, 1 to 10, are piped into the first Foreach-Object command, the results of which are stored in a variable named Left.
　　The results of the first Foreach-Object command are piped into a second Foreach-Object command, which filters the objects returned by the first Foreach-Object command. The results of the second command are stored in a variable named Right.
　　In the third Foreach-Object command, the results of the first two Foreach-Object piped commands, represented by the variables Left and Right, are processed by using a multiplication operator. The command instructs objects stored in the Left and Right variables to be multiplied, and specifies that the results should be displayed as "Left range member * Right range member = product".
　　1..10 | Foreach-Object -PipelineVariable Left -Process { $_ } |

　　Foreach-Object -PV Right -Process { 1..10 } | Foreach-Object -Process { "$Left$Right = " + ($Left$Right) }
>>

1 * 1 = 1
1 * 2 = 2
1 * 3 = 3
1 * 4 = 4
1 * 5 = 5
-Verbose[:{$true | $false}]
　　Alias: vb
　　Displays detailed information about the operation performed by the command. This information resembles the information in a trace or in a transaction log. This parameter works only when the command generates a verbose message. For example, this parameter works when a command contains the Write-Verbose cmdlet.
　　The Verbose parameter overrides the value of the $VerbosePreference variable for the current command. Because the default value of the $VerbosePreference variable is SilentlyContinue, verbose messages are not displayed by default.
Valid values:
　　$true (-Verbose:$true) has the same effect as -Verbose.
　　$false (-Verbose:$false) suppresses the display of verbose messages. Use this parameter when the value of $VerbosePreference is not SilentlyContinue (the default).
-WarningAction[:{Continue | Inquire | SilentlyContinue | Stop}]
　　Alias: wa
　　Determines how the cmdlet responds to a warning from the command. "Continue" is the default value. This parameter works only when the command generates a warning message. For example, this parameter works when a command contains the Write-Warning cmdlet.
　　The WarningAction parameter overrides the value of the $WarningPreference variable for the current command. Because the default value of the $WarningPreference variable is Continue, warnings are displayed and execution continues unless you use the WarningAction parameter.
Valid Values:
　　Continue. Displays the warning message and continues executing the command. "Continue" is the default value.
　　Inquire. Displays the warning message and prompts you for confirmation before continuing execution. This value is rarely used.
　　SilentlyContinue. Suppresses the warning message and continues executing the command.
　　Stop. Displays the warning message and stops executing the command.
　　NOTE: The WarningAction parameter does not override the value of the $WarningAction preference variable when the parameter is used in a command to run a script or function.
-WarningVariable [+]
　　Alias: wv
　　Stores warnings about the command in the specified variable.
　　All generated warnings are saved in the variable even if the warnings are not displayed to the user.
　　To append the warnings to the variable content, instead of replacing any warnings that might already be stored there, type a plus sign (+) before the variable name.
　　For example, the following command creates the $a variable and then stores any warnings in it:
　　Get-Process -Id 6 -WarningVariable a
　　The following command adds any warnings to the $a variable:
　　Get-Process -Id 2 -WarningVariable +a
　　The following command displays the contents of $a:
　　$a
　　You can use this parameter to create a variable that contains only warnings from specific commands. You can use array notation, such as $a[0] or $warning[1,2] to refer to specific warnings stored in the variable.
　　NOTE: The WarningVariable parameter does not capture warnings from nested calls in functions or scripts.
　　Risk Management Parameter Descriptions
-WhatIf[:{$true | $false}]
　　Alias: wi
　　Displays a message that describes the effect of the command, instead of executing the command.
　　The WhatIf parameter overrides the value of the $WhatIfPreference variable for the current command. Because the default value of the $WhatIfPreference variable is 0 (disabled), WhatIf behavior is not performed without the WhatIf parameter. For more information, type the following command:
　　Get-Help about_Preference_Variables
Valid values:
　　$true (-WhatIf:$true). Has the same effect as -WhatIf.
　　$false (-WhatIf:$false). Suppresses the automatic WhatIf behavior that results when the value of the $WhatIfPreference variable is 1.
　　For example, the following command uses the WhatIf parameter in a Remove-Item command:
　　PS> Remove-Item Date.csv -WhatIf
　　Instead of removing the item, Windows PowerShell lists the operations it would perform and the items that would be affected. This command produces the following output:
　　What if: Performing operation "Remove File" on Target "C:\ps-test\date.csv".
-Confirm[:{$true | $false}]
　　Alias: cf
　　Prompts you for confirmation before executing the command.
　　The Confirm parameter overrides the value of the $ConfirmPreference variable for the current command. The default value is High. For more information, type the following command:
　　Get-Help about_Preference_Variables
Valid values:
　　$true (-Confirm:$true). Has the same effect as -Confirm.
　　$false(-Confirm:$false). Suppresses automatic confirmation, which occurs when the value of $ConfirmPreference is less than or equal to the estimated risk of the cmdlet.
　　For example, the following command uses the Confirm parameter with a Remove-Item command. Before removing the item, Windows PowerShell lists the operations it would perform and the items that would be affected, and asks for approval.
　　PS C:\ps-test> Remove-Item tmp*.txt -Confirm
　　This command produces the following output:
　　Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Remove File" on Target " C:\ps-test\tmp1.txt [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"):
　　The Confirm response options are as follows:
　　Yes (Y) Perform the action. Yes to All (A) Perform all actions and suppress subsequent Confirm queries for this command. No (N): Do not perform the action. No to All (L): Do not perform any actions and suppress subsequent Confirm queries for this command. Suspend (S): Pause the command and create a temporary session. Help (?) Display help for these options.
　　The Suspend option places the command on hold and creates a temporary nested session in which you can work until you're ready to choose a Confirm option. The command prompt for the nested session has two extra carets (>>) to indicate that it's a child operation of the original parent command. You can run commands and scripts in the nested session. To end the nested session and return to the Confirm options for the original command, type "exit".
　　In the following example, the Suspend option (S) is used to halt a command temporarily while the user checks the help for a command parameter. After obtaining the needed information, the user types "exit" to end the nested prompt and then selects the Yes (y) response to the Confirm query.
　　PS C:\ps-test> New-Item -ItemType File -Name Test.txt -Confirm
　　Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Create File" on Target "Destination: C:\ps-test\test.txt". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): s
　　PS C:\ps-test>>> Get-Help New-Item -Parameter ItemType
-ItemType
　　Specifies the provider-specified type of the new item.
　　Required? false Position? named Default value Accept pipeline input? true (ByPropertyName) Accept wildcard characters? false
　　PS C:\ps-test>>> exit
　　Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Create File" on Target "Destination: C:\ps-test\test.txt". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): y
　　Directory: C:\ps-test
　　Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
　　-a--- 8/27/2010 2:41 PM 0 test.txt
KEYWORDS
　　about_Common_Parameters
SEE ALSO
　　about_Preference_Variables
　　Write-Debug
　　Write-Warning
　　Write-Error
　　Write-Verbose