PowerShell 2.0 学习笔记

sunyke

　　学习书籍 : 《 Windows PowerShell 2 For Dummies 英文版》
　　1. $Mystring = " windows powershell "
　　$Mydouble = 2.0
　　$outsting = $Mystring + $Mydouble
　　write-output $outstring
　　$outstring = [string]$Mydouble + $Mystring
　　write-output $outstring
　　Trace-Command -Name TypeConversion -pshost {[string]$Mydouble + $Mystring }
　　2. Set-Variable PI 3.14159265 -option Constant
　　Set-Variable Author " Steve Seguis " -option Readonly
　　$radius = 3
　　$area = $PI * $radius & $radius
　　write-output "Area is: " + $area
　　write-output "this book is written by: " + $Author
　　Remove-Variable Author -force
　　3.
　　$firstname = "Dan"
　　$lastname = "Daman"
　　$fullname = $firstname + " " + $lastname
　　write-output $fullname
　　write-output "length of full name: " + $fullname.length
　　write-output "full name is : " + $fullname.ToUpper()
　　$newname = $fullname.replace("good","bad")
　　write-output $newname
　　4.
　　$a =1 ; $b=2
　　($a -eq 1) -and ($b -eq 2)
　　($a -eq 1) -or ($b -eq 2)
　　($a -eq 1) -xor ($b -eq 2)
　　-not ($a -eq 1)
　　5. -lt -le -gt -ge -eq -ne -is -isnot -like
　　-notlike -match -nomatch -contains -notcontains
　　6.
　　$a = 6
　　if ($a -gt 5) {write-host "greater than 5!")
　　$a = 1
　　if ($a -ne 0 ) {write-host "non-zero value entered")
　　if ($a) {write-host "non-zero value entered."}
　　$name = "steve"
　　if ($name -eq "steve) {write-host "hello steve"}
　　else { write-host "hello anonymous" }
　　7.
　　$size = "M"
　　switch ($size)
　　{
　　"S" {write-host "small"}
　　"M" {write-host "medium"}
　　"L" {write-host "large"}
　　"XL" {write-host "extra large"}

　　default {write-host "unknow>　　}
　　8.
　　for ($i =1 ; $i -le 5; $i++)
　　{
　　write-host $i
　　}
　　9.
　　foreach ($i in Get-Alias)
　　{
　　write-host $i.name
　　}
　　10.
　　$objrandom = New-Object Random
　　$i = 0
　　while ($i -ne 6 )
　　{
　　$val = $objrandom.Next(1,33)
　　write-host ("one of six red boll:" + $val )
　　$i++
　　}
　　11.
　　$objrandom = New-Object Random
　　do
　　{
　　$val = $objrandom.Next(1,33)
　　write-host ("got number" + $val )
　　} while ( $val -ne 7)
　　write-host "finally,you got 7"
　　12.
　　$objrandom = New-Object Random
　　do
　　{
　　$val = $objrandom.Next(1,33)
　　write-host ("you got a " + $val)
　　} until ($val -eq 7)
　　write-host "finally got 7"
　　13.
　　Get-Process | Where-Object ($_.Id -gt 1000) | select-object Name,CPU,ID | sort-object CPU,Id
　　14.
　　Get-wmiobject win32_bios
　　get-wmiobject win32_computersystem
　　get-wmiobject win32_bios -computername REDLINE
　　15.
　　win32_bios
　　win32_computersystem
　　win32_directory
　　win32_logicaldisk
　　win32_networkadapter
　　win32_networkadapterconfiguration
　　win32_ntlogevent
　　win32_operatingsystem
　　win32_printer
　　win32_printjob
　　win32_process
　　win32_quickfixengineering
　　win32_registry
　　win32_scheduledjob
　　win32_service
　　win32_share
　　win32_timezone
　　16.
　　get-wmiobject -query "select Manufacturer,Version From Win32_BIOS"
　　17.
　　Get-wmiobject win32_service | where-object {($_.startMode -eq "Auto" ) -and ($_.state -ne "Running")} | select-object DisplayName,Name,State
　　Get-wmiobject Win32_NTLogEvent |Where-object {($_.LogFile -eq "Application") -and ($_.Type -eq "Error")} |
　　select-Object Cateory,ComputerName,EventCode,Description,Message,TimeWritten | Sort-Object TimeWritten
　　18.
　　Get-Wmiobject -calss iiswebinfo -namespace "root\MicrosoftIISv2" -computer web01 -authentication 6 | select-object MajorIISVersionNumber,MinorIISVersionNumber | Format-List
　　19.
　　Invoke-Wmimethod -path "win32_service.name='w3svc'" -name stopservice
　　Invoke-wmimethod -class win32_process -name create -argumentlist "c:\program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe"
　　20.
　　$str = "This book is fantabulous!"
　　$str.split()
　　$myIp = "192.168.0.1"
　　$iparr = $myIp.split(".")
　　write-host ($iparr[0] + $iparr[1] + $iparr[2] + $iparr[3] )
　　21.
　　$myip = "192.168:10;101"
　　$iparr = $myip.split(",:;")
　　write-host ( $iparr[0] + "  " + $iparr[1] + "  " + $iparr[2] + "  " + $iparr[3] )
　　22.
　　$test = "the sky is cloudy!"
　　write-host $test.substring(4,6)
　　23.
　　$str = "steve is evil"
　　$newstr = $str.replace("evil","lala")
　　write-host $newstr
　　24.
　　$email = "someone@dummies.com"
　　$atpos = $email.Indexof("@")
　　$user = $email.substring(0,$atpos)
　　$domain = $email.substring($atpos+1,$email.length-($atpos+1))
　　write-host $user
　　write-host $domain
　　25.
　　$username = "testuser1"
　　[RegEx]::IsMatch($username,"testuser[0-9]")
　　$username = "anna"
　　[RegEx]::IsMatch($username,"ann[ae]")
　　[RegEx]::IsMatch("food","[^fh]ood")
　　26.
　　\d   any digit from 0-9     [0-9]
　　\w   any digit,uppercase,lowercase letter and underscore [A-Za-z0-9_]
　　\s   white-space characters (space,tab,new line,and carriage return) [ \b\t\n\r]
　　\D   not a digit , opposite of \d
　　\W   opposite of \w
　　\S   opposite of \s
　　[RegEX]::IsMatch("SRVWEB1","SRV[A-Z0-9]+")
　　[RegEx]::IsMatch("SRV1","^SR[A-Z]+[0-9]")
　　Match must occur at the beginning of the string, use ^
　　[RegEx]::IsMatch("SRVFILE1","SRV[A-Z]+[0-9]$")
　　[RegEx]::IsMatch("TESTSRVFILE1","SRV[A-Z]+[0-9]$")
　　[RegEx]::IsMatch("SRVFILE1TEST","SRV[A-Z]+[0-9]$")
　　The opposite of the caret symbol is the dollar sign $, which is used to perform a match at the end of a string.
　　[RegEx]::IsMatch("domain.com","[A-Za-z0-9]+\.(com|edu|net)")
　　27.
　　$email = "somebody@domain.com"
　　if ($email -match "[A-Za-z0-9]+@domain.com")
　　{
　　write-host "$email is a domain.com email address"
　　}
　　28.
　　$str = "visit us at www.domain.com"
　　$newstr = $str -replace "www\.[A-Za-z0-9]+\.(com|edu|net)","website name kept secret"
　　write-host $newstr
　　The first parameter of -replace is the RegEx that describes the pattern you want to find, and the second
　　parameter is the string you want to replace it with. Think of this switch as being a very powerful search-and-replace feature.
　　Don't confuse the -replace switch with the string's "replace" method , which performs a literal search and replace. The -replace switch allows you to define regular expressions to describle the matching text that needs to be replace.
　　29.
　　$price = 49.998375
　　write-host [Math]::round($price,2)
　　If you want to return a value in dollars and cents,so you have to round this value off to contain only two decimal places. you can do this by using the [Math]::round
　　30.
　　$array1 = 35,72,23,61,83
　　$singlevalarray = ,12
　　$array1 = [array](35,72,23,61,83)
　　windows powershell treats arrays no differently from collections. A collection in windows powershell is just what the name implies:a collection or grouping of any number of objects. you create a collection by using the @() method,so you can also use this method for creating an array, like this:
　　$array1 = @(35,72,23,61,83)
　　$blankarray = @()
　　write-host $array1[3]
　　write-host $array1[7]
　　$array1 [-1]
　　access the last item of an array by using the index -1
　　31. looping through arrays
　　$names = "steve","bill","jeff","mark","ryan"
　　for ($i = 0 ; $i -lt $names.length; $i ++)
　　{
　　write-host $names[$i]
　　}
　　write-host
　　foreach ($item in $names )
　　{
　　write-host $item
　　}
　　write-host
　　for ($i = $str.length - 1; $i -ge 0 ;$i-- )
　　{
　　write-host $str[$i]
　　}
　　32. Creating multidimensional arrays
　　$array1 = (1,2,3),(4,5,6),(7,8,9)
　　write-host $array1[1][2]
　　33.
　　$processes = @()
　　foreach ($proc in get-process)
　　{
　　$processes += $proc
　　}
　　write-host ("number of items: " + $processes.length)
　　for ($i = 0; $i -lt $processes.lentgh; $i++)
　　{
　　write-host $process[$i].name
　　}
　　34. creating and using hash tables
　　$userpwdhash = @{jimmy = "n3utron"; optimus = "Pr!m" ;pinky = "8rnn"; bob = "b1l" }
　　write-host ("pinky's passwd: " + $userpwhash["pinky]")
　　write-host $userpwdhash.pinky
　　$userpwdhash
　　35. Modifying hash tables
　　$userpwdhash.add ("tony","s7@#")
　　$userpwdhash.remove("pinky")
　　36. Looping through hash tables
　　$names = @($userpwdhash.keys)
　　foreach ($name in $names)
　　{
　　write-host ($name + "=" +$userpwdhash[$name])
　　}
　　37.
　　Set-location c:\windows
　　MD c:\temp
　　or
　　MKDIR c:\temp
　　remove-item c:\temp
　　if you are sure that you want to get rid of that directory (including all subdirectories), you can use
　　remove-item -recurse c:\temp
　　copy-item c:\temp c:\temp2
　　move-item c:\temp e:\temp
　　rename-item e:\temp e:\temp.bak
　　move-item e:\temp e:\temp.bak
　　38.
　　$data = get-content c:\windows\setuplog.txt
　　$computernames = get-content c:\temp\computers.txt
　　foreach ($name in $computernames)
　　{
　　$compinfo = get-wmiobject -class win32_computersystem -computername $name
　　write-host ($compinfo.name + "-" + $compinfo.manufacturer + "-" + $compinfo.model)
　　}
　　39.
　　get-childitem c:\windows\system32 > c:\tmp\system32_contents.txt
　　get-childitem c:\windows\system32 | out-file c:\tmp\system32_contents1.txt
　　get-chileitem c:\windows\system32 | out-file c:\test.txt -encoding ASCII
　　-encoding: Unicode,UTF7,UTF8,UTF32,ASCII,Default,OEM
　　-append   appends to the file rather than overwriting its contents
　　-width    defines the maximum number of characters on each line.
　　-force    tries to overcome any restrictions for writing to the output file,such as overriding the read-only            attribute of the file.
　　-noclobber   prevents out-file from trying to write to the output file if it already exists.
　　-confirm     prompts for confirmation before continuing with the command.
　　get-childitem c:\windows | set-content c:\tmp\test.txt
　　set-content is same as out-file, but set-content doesn't have an append switch like out-file. because set-content can't append to a file; you have to use the add-content cmdlet instead.
　　40.
　　joe
　　animal is a element tag in xml file
　　type is a attribute
　　camel is the value of type
　　joe is the data
　　[xml]$myxmlfile = get-content c:\tmp\sample.xml
　　
　　
　　joe
　　mark
　　allan
　　
　　$myxmlfile.desert.name
　　$myxmlfile.desert.animal
　　$newanimal = $myxmlfile.createelement("animal")
　　$newanimal.setattribute("type","vulture")
　　$newanimal.psbase.innertext = "george"
　　$myxmlfile.desert.appendchild($newanimal)
　　get-process | export-clixml c:\tmp\process.xml
　　$prochistory = import-clixml c:\tmp\process.xml
　　$prochistory
　　$prochistory | where-object {$_.handles -gt 100 } | sort-object handles
　　41. working with html
　　get-process | convertto-html | out-file c:\tmp\processes.html
　　$format = "my processes "
　　$format += ""
　　$format += "table{border-width:2px;border-style:solid;background-color;yellow}"
　　$format += "TH{color:blue}"
　　$format += "td{color:red}"
　　$format += ""
　　$body = "process list"
　　get-process | convertto-html -head $format -body $body | out-file c:\tmp\processes.html
　　42.
　　get-date -displayhint date
　　get-date -displayhint time
　　get-date -format yyyymmdd
　　get-date -uformat %y%m%d
　　$date1 = get-date -year 1983 -month 2 -day 3
　　$date2 = get-date -year 2008 -month 7 -day 14
　　$diff = $date2 - $date1
　　43.
　　$startdate = get-date "4/11/2014 3:20am"
　　write-host ("task runs on :")
　　write-host $startdate
　　for ($i = 15;$i -le 60;$i +=15)
　　{
　　write-host $startdate.adddays($i)
　　}
　　All the other add methods have very intuitive names:
　　Add(adds a timespan value)
　　AddDays
　　AddHours
　　AddMilliseconds
　　AddMinutes
　　AddMonths
　　AddSeconds
　　AddTicks
　　AddYears
　　$now = get-date
　　$now.addhours(-8723)
　　$date1 = get-date "1/3/2014"
　　$date2 = get-date "4/2/2014"
　　$date1.isdaylightsavingtime
　　$date2.isdaylightsavingtime

　　44.using the timezone>　　$tz = [timezone]::currenttimezone
　　$d = get-date
　　$tz.getutcoffset($d).hours
　　45.Defining function
　　function getosinfo($computername)
　　{
　　$osinfo = get-wmiobject win32_operatingsystem -computer $computername
　　write-host ($osinfo.caption + " " + $osinfo.version + " service pack" + $osinfo.servicepackMajorversion + "." +$osinfo.servicepackminorversion)
　　}
　　getosinfo mail01
　　46.
　　function dirwin
　　{
　　return get-childitem $env:windir
　　}
　　function dirwinnames
　　{
　　$dir = get-childitem $env:windir
　　foreach($item in $dir)
　　{
　　write-output $item.name
　　}
　　}
　　47.
　　function changename
　　{
　　$name = "lala"
　　}
　　$name = "0000"
　　write-output $name
　　changename
　　write-output $name
　　in this script, have same output. $name value doesn't change.
　　function changename2
　　{
　　$script:name = "lala-99"
　　}
　　$name = "0000-99"
　　write-host $name
　　changename2
　　write-host $name
　　by use $script:name to change value is the correct way.
　　48.
　　#REQUIRES -Version 2.0
　　function Write-Yellow
　　{
　　 write-yellow "show this in yellow"
　　.link
　　about_functions
　　.notes
　　author:lala
　　#>
　　[CmdleBinding()]
　　param
　　(
　　[parameter(mandatory=$true,valuefrompipeline=$true)]
　　[alias("out")]
　　[string]$outstring
　　)
　　begin
　　{
　　write-host "hello,up"
　　}
　　process
　　{
　　write-host $outstring
　　}
　　end
　　{
　　write-host "bye"
　　}
　　}
　　
　　is a feature called Autohelp, if you run get-help against this script, the autohelp feature displays.
　　49.
　　Start-job -scriptblock { "get-childitem c:\"}
　　$myjob = start-job -scriptblock {"get-childitem c:\"}
　　receive-job -job $myjob
　　receive-job -ID 5 -keep
　　receive-job -ID 3
　　wait-job $myjob -timeout 60
　　wait-job $myjob -timeout 60
　　if ($myjob.jobstateinfo.state -ne "completed")
　　{
　　write-host "job timed out!"
　　}
　　else
　　{
　　$data = receive-job $myjob
　　}
　　50.speaking powershell with a different computer,
　　essential components:
　　.net framework 2.0
　　powershell 2
　　winrm 2.0 service
　　command:
　　enter-pssession computer1 -credential mydomain\admin
　　PS U:\> winrm quickconfig
　　WinRM already is set up to receive requests on this machine.
　　WinRM is not set up to allow remote access to this machine for management.
　　The following changes must be made:
　　Create a WinRM listener on HTTP://* to accept WS-Man requests to any IP on this machine.
　　Enable the WinRM firewall exception.
　　51.
　　invoke-command -computername corpdc1 -scriptblock {get-date}
　　with "scriptblock", to tell invoke-command which command or set of commands you want to run on
　　the remote host.
　　$s = new-pssession -computername pc001
　　invoke-command -session $s -scriptblock {$start = get-date}
　　invoke-command -session $s -scriptblock {(get-date) - $start}
　　remove-pssession $s
　　invoke-command -computername computer1,computer2 -scriptblock {get-childitem c:\} -asjob
　　-asjob switch runs that command on the specified computer,but the job object itself is stored on
　　the local computer.
　　52.
　　Set-PSBreakpoint -script myscript.ps1 -command "get-wmiobject"
　　53.AD opertation
　　script 1: connecting to Active Directory
　　$objadsi = [adsi]""
　　$domain = $objadsi.distinguishedname
　　$usercontainer = [adsi]("LDAP://cn=users," + $domain )
　　foreach($child in $usercontainer)
　　{
　　write-host $child.samaccountname
　　}
　　Script 2: Querying for objects and attributes
　　$objadsi = [adsi]""
　　$domain = $objadsi.distinguishedname
　　$objdomain = [adsi]("LDAP://" + $domain)
　　$search = new-object System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher
　　$search.SearchRoot = $objDomain
　　$search.Filter = "(&(objectClass=user)(giveName=*)(sn=*))"
　　$search.SearchScope = "Subtree"
　　$results = $search.FindAll()
　　foreach($item in $results)
　　{
　　$objUser = $item.GetDirectoryEntry()
　　write-host ($objuser.displayname)
　　}
　　Script 3: Dynamically obtaining a user's distinguishedName
　　function GetUserDN([string]$username)
　　{
　　$objADSI = [adsi]""
　　$domain  = $objADSI.distinguishedname
　　$objDomain = [adsi](*LDAP://" + $domain)
　　$search = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher
　　$search.SearchRoot = $objDomain
　　$search.Filter = "(sAMAccoutName=$username)"
　　$search.SearchScope = "Subtree"
　　$result = $search.FindOne()
　　if ($result -eq $null)
　　{
　　return $null
　　}
　　else {
　　return $result.GetDirectoryEntry().distinguishedName
　　}
　　}
　　$username = "administrator"
　　$userDN = GetUserDN($username)
　　if ($userDN -eq $null)
　　{
　　write-host ("Unable to find" + $username)
　　}
　　else {
　　write-host ($username + " - " + $userDN)
　　}
　　Script 4: Modifying object Attributes
　　$user = [adsi]"LDAP://CN=testuser,ou=test,dc=testlab,dc=local"
　　$user.put("givenName","Chris")
　　$user.put("sn","Laile")
　　$user.put("displayName","Laile,Chirs")
　　$user.put("description","Master of Disaster")
　　$user.SetInfo()
　　Script 5: Updating Group Membership
　　$user = "cn=testuser,ou=test,dc=testdom,dc=local"
　　$group = [ADSI] "LDAP://cn=Mygroup,cn=users,dc=testdom,dc=local"
　　$group.add("LDAP://" + $user)
　　$group.SetInfo()
　　Script 6: Getting to the Raw ADSI object Using psbase
　　$ou = [adsi]"LDAP://cn=users,dc=testlab,dc=local"
　　$ou.psbase.children
　　54.Using conditional statements
　　set a=2
　　if %a% EQU 2 (
　　Echo the value is two!
　　)  else (
　　Echo the value is not two!
　　)
　　EQU   -eq   Equal
　　NEQ   -ne   Not equal
　　LSS   -lt   Less than
　　LEQ   -le   Less than or equal
　　GTR   -gt   Greater than
　　GEQ   -ge   Greater than or equal
　　55.
　　$data = get-content computers.txt
　　foreach($line in $data)
　　{
　　$pingresult = get-wmiobject -query "select * from win32_pingstatus where address='$line'"
　　if ($pingresult.statuscode -eq 0 )
　　{
　　copy-item processed.txt \\$line\c$
　　}
　　}
　　56.
　　$header = "username","lastname","firstname"
　　$contents = Import-CSV uses.txt -header $header
　　foreach($user in $contents)
　　{
　　write-host $user.firstname $user.lastname
　　}