Git配置手册

meimei10251314

　　Git服务器配置
　　1.部署环境：
　　（1）系统版本：CentOS 5.5
　　（2）服务端 IP：172.16.34.235   Hostname:CentOS5-A
　　客户端1 IP：172.16.34.236  Hostname:CentOS5-B
　　客户端2 IP：172.16.34.237  Hostname:CentOS5-C
　　（3）所需包下载地址：
　　wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.1/Python-2.7.1.tar.bz2
　　wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
　　wget http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/projects/git-snapshots/git/git-latest.tar.gz
　　2. python 安装
　　----------------
　　查看python版本
　　python -V
　　显示结果：
　　Python 2.4.3
　　升级到Python 2.7.1
　　cd /data/softs
　　tar xvjf Python-2.7.1.tar.bz2
　　cd Python-2.7.1/
　　./configure --enable-shared
　　make
　　make install
　　ldconfig
　　3.setuptools 安装 为安装gitosis做准备
　　cd /data/softs
　　tar -zxvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
　　cd setuptools-0.6c11
　　python setup.py build
　　python setup.py install
　　4.Git 安装
　　----------------
　　首先需要安装git的依赖包
　　yum install curl
　　yum install curl-devel
　　yum install zlib-devel
　　yum install openssl-devel
　　yum install perl
　　yum install cpio
　　yum install expat-devel
　　yum install gettext-devel
　　cd /data/softs
　　tar -zxvf git-latest.tar.gz
　　cd git-2012-11-13
　　autoconf
　　./configure --with-python=/usr/local/bin/python2.7
　　make
　　make install
　　git --version
　　5.添加用户git
　　useradd -r -s /bin/sh -c 'git version control' -d /home/git git
　　passwd git
　　mkdir -p /home/git
　　chown git:git /home/git
　　注：步骤2-5  三台机器上均需要安装
　　6.安装gitosis（服务端）
　　cd /data/softs
　　git clone git://github.com/res0nat0r/gitosis.git
　　Cloning into 'gitosis'...
　　remote: Counting objects: 727, done.
　　remote: Compressing objects: 100% (217/217), done.
　　remote: Total 727 (delta 510), reused 690 (delta 494)
　　Receiving objects: 100% (727/727), 110.70 KiB | 53 KiB/s, done.
　　Resolving deltas: 100% (510/510), done.
　　cd gitosis
　　python setup.py install
　　7.生成本机密钥，上传密钥到服务器临时目录
　　（1）切换到客户端1
　　# su git
　　sh-3.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
　　Generating public/private rsa key pair.
　　Enter file in which to save the key (/home/git/.ssh/id_rsa):
　　Created directory '/home/git/.ssh'.
　　Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
　　Enter same passphrase again:

　　Your>　　Your public key has been saved in /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
　　The key fingerprint is:
　　50:93:2a:dd:50:b2:dd:c2:aa:a6:f9:a6:9f:55:82:b9 git@CentOS5-B
　　sh-3.2$  scp /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 172.16.34.235:/tmp/id_rsa_client1.pub
　　The authenticity of host '172.16.34.235 (172.16.34.235)' can't be established.
　　RSA key fingerprint is 0f:92:64:29:ab:02:4a:33:b2:8b:39:b4:8f:0d:88:40.
　　Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
　　Warning: Permanently added '172.16.34.235' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
　　git@172.16.34.235's password:
　　id_rsa.pub                                              100%  395     0.4KB/s   00:00
　　sh-3.2$
　　（2）客户端2作同样操作
　　8.初使化gitosis，生成管理库
　　sh-3.2$ gitosis-init  master
　　sh-3.2$
　　回到服务端：
　　cat /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
　　sh-3.2$ cat authorized_keys
　　### autogenerated by gitosis, DO NOT EDIT
　　command="gitosis-serve hanxiaoqi",no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA02vPejh7OfzHtFc3dlA+k55X9kttJ/8WgK2YiXObAElXJ+CAzZKayciUfbY4A3Xl55kV***YhvfxdndBWXAj2za8iSCW535XMgFBXH/gtD2+Ecql2oUu0TOoAldgZ6jJ03hon+B0T4znWZTmfNKY4GauWgj65Z+ex+VZoO357089mTGMnoOZx1sblC+7vr9TnFoSh1hOqdYlaBjvB8BtcXrU4OVbZphPE1BxmT6OSDWx677M157uWsyZFxH5ocr8hqZ88+zpVZe1i5VEZpnXETHlXb6Ix/4mEutscJ5WGWjZEJgUNGv+jYTSvtDS+7z/A9ot93kze46RxPFuRB6Cyw== hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C
　　command="gitosis-serve song",no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAqhgzC2oi8JrYNZcyZ//ojddJCqalKJ0mBtMCfq9VEHPh0YjaZqdNd4HeqHrtFoRe3C+6zQwqAesd+q01gMyOTAyAI76d5b4j81MNCyvGbzbhzc/xOOxCpnT9H5ZKoChzoh88Tah1pjsZDW6spBHW/HRtaLRKB3k6fAGyctE5heJJUqGOknnDfzw+ZyzfFxynNiYvgDgWW5MfALFz/ltzo41QwL30Lfj6ZuHF2kV4Olc7jK1vHzm0/riU3a6BeYf5NAmATNlP94QbThUBdq/MpKJ7OFDXCNXuFBBJ9RANtwA3m8pFb48cZ4ebuMfd8YQ0I2Rb+OvVxVDT0XGYU/uNAw== song@CentOS5-B
　　command="gitosis-serve git@CentOS5-C",no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA0pO/1EcLPBZOL8zPASs85srQGBz4QHv3aV0SR/zJw/ViuUwY8toMtRp0OsQ8VaqqkP3RIh6J49ZgtmDnbrrcLIkpnTgHEqU+s7WoHmZWnttMEYs8aMoSvFT5pxR9k54baHKaA2TmUtTmCJnVCqPx2uSP5tb+Cww18dj9+LzdJ/fCllcwuGfg9z0G8seedgq/Iv22XIMH045ciUNC7P02kSq2tjCctJtDtP8Cb2MYhurySOVBqjAx+GISrXJXUqRI1Gsr1CjlxazsoRwnHUz217btE+xnpwkQ7lxPMNyPS2fMbR+chU/Pg7Yfx43xxhePhsPqCmYFLaX87gyBRV/GVw== git@CentOS5-C
　　command="gitosis-serve git@CentOS5-B",no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA1o68X0/pVW3HM3CZTZhSASOhjj3lI1s0Txzt8Yg1NoEVY/NAW7oFCENxu0Wg2Cxrb93w0HfSTHb/2dXtzhzb4Oq7XaxDYpy+i5M3y1xiQkZoqL30qh7n++RWjpMwObgs00PzcV4kiZ+UCU2gnDlJl+t8rc6CwlEcphoN9IPexiGUJIeJeRWA0c+BGJH0ds3I/D+TGX3Jr92R7k2zsn3pmD6i9px6EtDK/QKFzPnnBQ9psCRiHJk3qu33sghJuUlp7vQU6zKylxMZ9ypevo9nJnA/gUf0PLQKSgvj39/k5PIGVrLOt4o3xu/Z8PeM/dd8cpDEd3hHhFmw+Y0Ev+CaXw== git@CentOS5-B
　　到此客户端用户公钥已经添加到/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中。
　　10.创建空仓库
　　在服务端创建空仓库,并初始化。
　　sh-3.2$ cd /home/git/repositories/
　　sh-3.2$ mkdir project.git
　　sh-3.2$ cd project.git/
　　sh-3.2$ git init --bare
　　Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/repositories/project.git/
　　sh-3.2$ ls
　　branches  config  description  HEAD  hooks  info  objects  refs
　　sh-3.2$
　　在客户端直接clone该仓库就可以了
　　1.客户端1：
　　切换到git用户
　　sh-3.2$ cd /home/git
　　sh-3.2$ git clone git@172.16.34.235:project.git
　　Cloning into 'project'...
　　warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
　　sh-3.2$ ls
　　gitosis-admin  project
　　sh-3.2$ cd project/
　　sh-3.2$ vi hello
　　编辑文件
　　-----------------
　　hello
　　--------------------
　　sh-3.2$ git add .
　　sh-3.2$ git commit -am "add hello file"
　　[master (root-commit) 8c6f80f] add hello file
　　1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
　　create mode 100644 hello
　　sh-3.2$ git push origin master
　　Counting objects: 3, done.
　　Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 214 bytes, done.
　　Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
　　To git@172.16.34.235:project.git
　　* [new branch]      master -> master
　　sh-3.2$
　　2.客户端2：
　　切换到hanxiaoqi用户
　　[root@CentOS5-C home]# su hanxiaoqi
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C home]$ pwd
　　/home
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C home]$ cd hanxiaoqi/
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C ~]$ ls
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C ~]$ pwd
　　/home/hanxiaoqi
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C ~]$ git clone git@172.16.34.235:project.git
　　正克隆到 'project'...
　　remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
　　remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
　　接收对象中: 100% (3/3), done.
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C ~]$ ls
　　project
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C ~]$ cd project/
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ ls
　　hello
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ vi hello2
　　hello2
　　~
　　~
　　"hello2" [新] 1L, 7C 已写入
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ ls
　　hello  hello2
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ git add .
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ git commit -am "add hello2 file by hanxiaoqi"
　　*** Please tell me who you are.
　　Run
　　git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
　　git config --global user.name "Your Name"

　　to set your account's default>
　　Omit --global to set the>
　　fatal: empty>　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ git config --global user.email "hanxiaoqi@xqhan.com"
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ git config --global user.name "hanxiaoqi"
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ git commit -am "add hello2 file by hanxiaoqi"
　　[master fd9c5fa] add hello2 file by hanxiaoqi
　　1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
　　create mode 100644 hello2
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$ git push origin master
　　Counting objects: 4, done.
　　Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
　　Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 278 bytes, done.
　　Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
　　To git@172.16.34.235:project.git
　　8c6f80f..fd9c5fa  master -> master
　　[hanxiaoqi@CentOS5-C project]$
　　3.客户端1：
　　切换到song用户
　　[root@CentOS5-B .ssh]# su song
　　[song@CentOS5-B .ssh]$ cd /home/song
　　[song@CentOS5-B ~]$ ls
　　[song@CentOS5-B ~]$ git clone git@172.16.34.235:project.git
　　正克隆到 'project'...
　　remote: Counting objects: 6, done.
　　remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
　　remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
　　接收对象中: 100% (6/6), done.
　　[song@CentOS5-B ~]$ ls
　　project
　　[song@CentOS5-B ~]$ cd project/
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ ls
　　hello  hello2
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ vi hello3
　　hello3
　　~
　　"hello3" [新] 1L, 7C 已写入
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ git add .
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ git commit -am "add hello3 file by song"
　　*** Please tell me who you are.
　　Run
　　git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
　　git config --global user.name "Your Name"

　　to set your account's default>
　　Omit --global to set the>
　　fatal: empty>　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ git config --global user.email "hanxiaoqi@xqhan.com"
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ git config --global user.name "hanxiaoqi"
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ git commit -am "add hello3 file by song"
　　[master f645290] add hello3 file by song
　　1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
　　create mode 100644 hello3
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ git push origin master
　　ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Repository write access denied
　　fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
　　Please make sure you have the correct access rights
　　and the repository exists.
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$
　　4.客户端2
　　切换到git用户
　　[root@CentOS5-C home]# su git
　　sh-3.2$ cd /home/git/
　　sh-3.2$ ls
　　gitosis-admin
　　sh-3.2$ cd gitosis-admin/
　　sh-3.2$ ls
　　gitosis.conf  keydir
　　sh-3.2$ vi gitosis.conf 开通song用户写权限
　　[gitosis]
　　[group gitosis-admin]
　　members = git@CentOS5-B git@CentOS5-C hanxiaoqi song
　　writable = gitosis-admin
　　[group project]
　　writable = project
　　members = git@CentOS5-B git@CentOS5-C hanxiaoqi song
　　#[group project_ro]
　　#readonly = project
　　#members = song
　　~
　　"gitosis.conf" 11L, 256C written
　　sh-3.2$ git add .
　　sh-3.2$ git commit -am "user song writer"
　　[master 1c80b8d] user song writer
　　1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
　　sh-3.2$ git push origin master
　　Counting objects: 5, done.
　　Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
　　Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 361 bytes, done.
　　Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
　　To git@172.16.34.235:/gitosis-admin.git
　　e1503c4..1c80b8d  master -> master
　　sh-3.2$
　　5.回到客户端1到song用户
　　再次执行：
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ git push origin master
　　ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Repository write access denied
　　fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
　　Please make sure you have the correct access rights
　　and the repository exists.
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$ git push origin master
　　Counting objects: 4, done.
　　Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
　　Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 304 bytes, done.
　　Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
　　To git@172.16.34.235:project.git
　　fd9c5fa..f645290  master -> master
　　[song@CentOS5-B project]$
　　11.viewgit
　　viewGit 是一个 Git 版本控制系统的 Web 接口，用来查看资源库中的信息，viewGit 安装和升级都非常简单。
　　首先安装nginx+php,因为viewgit是php环境开发
　　viewGit安装
　　[root@CentOS5-A repositories]# git clone git://repo.or.cz/viewgit.git
　　Cloning into 'viewgit'...
　　remote: Counting objects: 1675, done.
　　remote: Compressing objects: 100% (503/503), done.
　　remote: Total 1675 (delta 1114), reused 1675 (delta 1114)
　　Receiving objects: 100% (1675/1675), 1.30 MiB | 5 KiB/s, done.
　　Resolving deltas: 100% (1114/1114), done.
　　[root@CentOS5-A repositories]# cd viewgit/
　　[root@CentOS5-A viewgit]# ls
　　default.css  favicon.png  inc        light.css  templates
　　doc          images       index.php  plugins
　　将viewgit文件夹所有内容复制到网站根目录（/data/htdocs/www）
　　[root@CentOS5-A viewgit]# cd /data/htdocs/www
　　[root@CentOS5-A www]# ls
　　default.css  favicon.png  inc         index.php  plugins    viewgit
　　doc          images       index.html  light.css  templates  viewgit.tag.gz
　　[root@CentOS5-A www]# cd inc
　　[root@CentOS5-A inc]# ls
　　auth_drupal_user.php  config.php               functions.php
　　auth_simple.php       example-localconfig.php  plugins.php
　　[root@CentOS5-A inc]# cp config.php localconfig.php
　　[root@CentOS5-A inc]# vi localconfig.php
　　查找到以下内容：
　　$conf['projects'] = array(
　　// 'name' => array('repo' => '/path/to/repo/.git'), // path to GIT_DIR
　　);
　　更改为：
　　$conf['projects'] = array();
　　$git_repos_path = '/home/git/repositories';
　　$git_repos_folders = scandir($git_repos_path);
　　foreach ($git_repos_folders as $folder) {
　　if (preg_match('/^.*\.git$/', $folder) === 1) {
　　$conf['projects'][$folder] = array('repo' => $git_repos_path . '/' . $folder);
　　}
　　}
　　创建仓库描述文件
　　[root@CentOS5-A www]# cd /home/git/
　　[root@CentOS5-A git]# ls

　　gitosis >　　[root@CentOS5-A git]# cd repositories/
　　[root@CentOS5-A repositories]# ls
　　gitosis-admin.git  project.git  viewgit
　　[root@CentOS5-A repositories]# cd project.git/
　　[root@CentOS5-A project.git]# ls
　　branches  config  description  HEAD  hooks  info  objects  refs
　　[root@CentOS5-A project.git]# cat description
　　project 1.0 by hanxiaoqi
　　[root@CentOS5-A project.git]#
　　测试：
　　在浏览器里访问http://172.16.34.235
　　显示如下如果:
　　Project Description Last Commit Last Change Actions
　　gitosis-admin.git gitosis-admin manage all project's user permissions.  add git237.pub 2012-11-15 06:26 tree tar/gz zip
　　project.git project 1.0 by hanxiaoqi  new file hello3 2012-11-16 04:34 tree tar/gz zip
　　ViewGit