Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries-12213582

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　　wget http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
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　　Oracle provides a set of binary distributions of MySQL. These include generic binary distributions in the form of compressed tar files (files with a .tar.gzextension) for a number of platforms, and binaries in platform-specific package formats for selected platforms.
　　This section covers the installation of MySQL from a compressed tar file binary distribution. For other platform-specific package formats, see the other platform-specific sections. For example, for Windows distributions, see Section 2.3, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows”.
　　To obtain MySQL, see Section 2.1.2, “How to Get MySQL”.
　　MySQL compressed tar file binary distributions have names of the form mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz, where VERSION is a number (for example, 5.7.18), and OS indicates the type of operating system for which the distribution is intended (for example, pc-linux-i686 or winx64).
　　Warning
　　If you have previously installed MySQL using your operating system native package management system, such as yum or apt-get, you may experience problems installing using a native binary. Make sure your previous MySQL installation has been removed entirely (using your package management system), and that any additional files, such as old versions of your data files, have also been removed. You should also check for configuration files such as /etc/my.cnf or the /etc/mysql directory and delete them.

　　For information about replacing third-party packages with official MySQL packages, see the>　　Warning
　　MySQL has a dependency on the libaio library. Data directory initialization and subsequent server startup steps will fail if this library is not installed locally. If necessary, install it using the appropriate package manager. For example, on Yum-based systems:
shell> yum search libaio  # search for info　　
shell> yum install libaio # install library
　　Or, on APT-based systems:
shell> apt-cache search libaio # search for info　　
shell> apt-get install libaio1 # install library
　　If you run into problems and need to file a bug report, please use the instructions in Section 1.7, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”.
　　On Unix, to install a compressed tar file binary distribution, unpack it at the installation location you choose (typically /usr/local/mysql). This creates the directories shown in the following table.
　　Table 2.3 MySQL Installation Layout for Generic Unix/Linux Binary Package
DirectoryContents of Directorybin, scriptsmysqld server, client and utility programsdataLog files, databasesdocsMySQL manual in Info formatmanUnix manual pagesincludeInclude (header) fileslibLibrariesshareMiscellaneous support files, including error messages, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation　　

　　Debug versions of the mysqld binary are available as mysqld-debug. To compile your own debug version of MySQL from a source distribution, use the appropriate configuration options to enable debugging support. See Section 2.9, “Installing MySQL from Source”.
　　To install and use a MySQL binary distribution, the command sequence looks like this:
shell> groupadd mysqlshell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysqlshell> cd /usr/localshell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gzshell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysqlshell> cd mysqlshell> mkdir mysql-filesshell> chmod 750 mysql-filesshell> chown -R mysql .shell> chgrp -R mysql .shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql# MySQL 5.7.0 to 5.7.4　　
shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql    # MySQL 5.7.5
　　
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql # MySQL 5.7.6 and up
　　
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup              # MySQL 5.7.6 and up
　　
shell> chown -R root .shell> chown -R mysql data mysql-filesshell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &# Next command is optional
　　
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
　　Note
　　This procedure assumes that you have root (administrator) access to your system.>sudo (Linux) or pfexec (OpenSolaris) command.
　　Note
　　Before MySQL 5.7.4, the procedure does not assign passwords to MySQL accounts. To do so, use the instructions in Section 2.10.4, “Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts”.
　　The mysql-files directory provides a convenient location to use as the value of the secure_file_priv system variable that limits import/export operations to a specific directory. See Section 6.1.5, “Server System Variables”.
　　Before MySQL 5.7.5, mysql_install_db creates a default option file named my.cnf in the base installation directory. This file is created from a template included in the distribution package named my-default.cnf. For more information, see Section 6.1.2, “Server Configuration Defaults”.
　　Note
　　As of MySQL 5.7.18, my-default.cnf is no longer included in or installed by distribution packages.
　　A more detailed version of the preceding description for installing a binary distribution follows.
Create a mysql User and Group
　　If your system does not already have a user and group to use for running mysqld, you may need to create one. The following commands add the mysqlgroup and the mysql user. You might want to call the user and group something else instead of mysql. If so, substitute the appropriate name in the following instructions. The syntax for useradd and groupadd may differ slightly on different versions of Unix, or they may have different names such asadduser and addgroup.
shell> groupadd mysqlshell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql　　Note
　　Because the user is required only for ownership purposes, not login purposes, the useradd command uses the -r and -s /bin/false options to create a user that does not have login permissions to your server host. Omit these options if your useradddoes not support them.
Obtain and Unpack the Distribution
　　Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the distribution and change location into it. The example here unpacks the distribution under /usr/local. The instructions, therefore, assume that you have permission to create files and directories in /usr/local. If that directory is protected, you must perform the installation as root.
shell> cd /usr/local
　　Obtain a distribution file using the instructions in Section 2.1.2, “How to Get MySQL”. For a given>　　Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation directory. tar can uncompress and unpack the distribution if it has z option support:
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz　　The tar command creates a directory named mysql-VERSION-OS.
　　To install MySQL from a compressed tar file binary distribution, your system must have GNU gunzip to uncompress the distribution and a reasonable tarto unpack it. If your tar program supports the z option, it can both uncompress and unpack the file.
　　GNU tar is known to work. The standard tar provided with some operating systems is not able to unpack the long file names in the MySQL distribution. You should download and install GNU tar, or if available, use a preinstalled version of GNU tar. Usually this is available as gnutar, gtar, or as tar within a GNU or Free Software directory, such as /usr/sfw/bin or /usr/local/bin. GNU tar is available from http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/.

　　If your tar does not have z option support, use gunzip to unpack the distribution and tar to unpack it. Replace the preceding tar command with the following>shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -　　Next, create a symbolic link to the installation directory created by tar:
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql　　The ln command makes a symbolic link to the installation directory. This enables you to refer more easily to it as /usr/local/mysql. To avoid having to type the path name of client programs always when you are working with MySQL, you can add the /usr/local/mysql/bin directory to your PATHvariable:
shell> export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/binPerform Postinstallation Setup
　　The remainder of the installation process involves setting distribution ownership and access permissions, initializing the data directory, starting the MySQL server, and setting up the configuration file. For instructions, see Section 2.10, “Postinstallation Setup and Testing”.
　　转自：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html#binary-installation-layout