# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.0.220:80 -r 192.168.10.2 -m -w 1
# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.0.220:80 -r 192.168.10.3 -m -w 1
打开路由转发功能
# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
服务控制脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#
# chkconfig: - 88 12
# description: LVS script for VS/NAT
#
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
#
VIP=192.168.0.219
DIP=192.168.10.10
RIP1=192.168.10.11
RIP2=192.168.10.12
#
case "$1" in
start)
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.0 up
# Since this is the Director we must be able to forward packets
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# Clear all iptables rules.
/sbin/iptables -F
# Reset iptables counters.
/sbin/iptables -Z
# Clear all ipvsadm rules/services.
/sbin/ipvsadm -C
# Add an IP virtual service for VIP 192.168.0.219 port 80
# In this recipe, we will use the round-robin scheduling method.
# In production, however, you should use a weighted, dynamic scheduling method.
/sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $VIP:80 -s rr
# Now direct packets for this VIP to
# the real server IP (RIP) inside the cluster
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP1 -m
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP2 -m
/bin/touch /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm.lock
esac ARP问题：
__________
| |
| client |
|________|
|
|
(router)
|
|
| __________
| DIP | |
|------| director |
| VIP |__________|
|
|
|
------------------------------------
| | |
| | |
RIP1, VIP RIP2, VIP RIP3, VIP
______________ ______________ ______________
| | | | | |
| realserver1 | | realserver2 | | realserver3 |
|______________| |______________| |______________| 在如上图的VS/DR或VS/TUN应用的一种模型中（所有机器都在同一个物理网络），所有机器（包括Director和RealServer）都使用了一个额外的IP地址，即VIP。当一个客户端向VIP发出一个连接请求时，此请求必须要连接至Director的VIP，而不能是RealServer的。因为，LVS的主要目标就是要Director负责调度这些连接请求至RealServer的。
因此，在Client发出至VIP的连接请求后，只能由Director将其MAC地址响应给客户端（也可能是直接与Director连接的路由设备），而Director则会相应的更新其ipvsadm table以追踪此连接，而后将其转发至后端的RealServer之一。
如果Client在请求建立至VIP的连接时由某RealServer响应了其请求，则Client会在其MAC table中建立起一个VIP至RealServer的对就关系，并以至进行后面的通信。此时，在Client看来只有一个RealServer而无法意识到其它服务器的存在。
为了解决此问题，可以通过在路由器上设置其转发规则来实现。当然，如果没有权限访问路由器并做出相应的设置，则只能通过传统的本地方式来解决此问题了。这些方法包括： 1、禁止RealServer响应对VIP的ARP请求；
2、在RealServer上隐藏VIP，以使得它们无法获知网络上的ARP请求；
3、基于“透明代理（Transparent Proxy）”或者“fwmark （firewall mark）”；
4、禁止ARP请求发往RealServers；
传统认为，解决ARP问题可以基于网络接口，也可以基于主机来实现。Linux采用了基于主机的方式，因为其可以在大多场景中工作良好，但LVS却并不属于这些场景之一，因此，过去实现此功能相当麻烦。现在可以通过设置arp_ignore和arp_announce，这变得相对简单的多了。
Linux 2.2和2.4（2.4.26之前的版本）的内核解决“ARP问题”的方法各不相同，且比较麻烦。幸运的是，2.4.26和2.6的内核中引入了两个新的调整ARP栈的标志（device flags）：arp_announce和arp_ignore。基于此，在DR/TUN的环境中，所有IPVS相关的设定均可使用arp_announce=2和arp_ignore=1/2/3来解决“ARP问题”了。
arp_annouce：Define different restriction levels for announcing the local source IP address from IP packets in ARP requests sent on interface；
0 - (default) Use any local address, configured on any interface.
1 - Try to avoid local addresses that are not in the target's subnet for this interface.
2 - Always use the best local address for this target.
arp_ignore: Define different modes for sending replies in response to received ARP requests that resolve local target IP address.
0 - (default): reply for any local target IP address, configured on any interface.
1 - reply only if the target IP address is local address configured on the incoming interface.
2 - reply only if the target IP address is local address configured on the incoming interface and both with the sender's IP address are part from same subnet on this interface.
3 - do not reply for local address configured with scope host, only resolutions for golbal and link addresses are replied.
4-7 - reserved
8 - do not reply for all local addresses
在RealServers上，VIP配置在本地回环接口lo上。如果回应给Client的数据包路由到了eth0接口上，则arp通告或请应该通过eth0实现，因此，需要在sysctl.conf文件中定义如下配置：
#vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_ignore = 1
VIP=192.168.0.210RIP1=192.168.0.221RIP2=192.168.0.2221、下载安装ipvsadm
wget http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
tar zxvf ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
cd ipvsadm-1.26
make && make install 2、编写并运行脚本（LVS服务器的脚本）
vim director.sh#!/bin/bash
#
# LVS script for VS/DR
#
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
#
VIP=192.168.0.210
RIP1=192.168.0.221
RIP2=192.168.0.222
PORT=80
#
case "$1" in
start)
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev eth0:1
# Since this is the Director we must be able to forward packets
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# Clear all iptables rules.
/sbin/iptables -F
# Reset iptables counters.
/sbin/iptables -Z
# Clear all ipvsadm rules/services.
/sbin/ipvsadm -C
# Add an IP virtual service for VIP 192.168.0.219 port 80
# In this recipe, we will use the round-robin scheduling method.
# In production, however, you should use a weighted, dynamic scheduling method.
/sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $VIP:80 -s wlc
# Now direct packets for this VIP to
# the real server IP (RIP) inside the cluster
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP1 -g -w 1
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP2 -g -w 2
/bin/touch /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm &> /dev/null
start)
# Start LVS-DR real server on this machine.
/sbin/ifconfig lo down
/sbin/ifconfig lo up
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
;;
stop)
# Stop LVS-DR real server loopback device(s).
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
status)
# Status of LVS-DR real server.
islothere=`/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 | grep $VIP`
isrothere=`netstat -rn | grep "lo:0" | grep $VIP`
if [ ! "$islothere" -o ! "isrothere" ];then
# Either the route or the lo:0 device
# not found.
echo "LVS-DR real server Stopped."
else
echo "LVS-DR real server Running."
fi
编写健康状态监测脚本： LVS负载均衡器本身是没有对后端服务器做健康状态监测的功能的；所以我们可以编写一个小小的脚本来完成这个功能; 注释：这个脚本很蹩脚，只是让你们了解整个过程是怎样的； 健康状态监测脚本实例：
#!/bin/bash #
CS='-f 10'
RS1=192.168.10.11
RS2=192.168.10.12
checkRS() {
curl -s http://${1}/.health.html | grep "OK" &> /dev/null
RetVal=$?
if [ $RetVal -ne 0 ] && ipvsadm -L -n | grep "$1" &> /dev/null; then
ipvsadm -d $CS -r $1
fi
if [ $RetVal -eq 0 ] && ! ipvsadm -L -n | grep "$1" &> /dev/null; then
ipvsadm -a $CS -r $1 -g
fi
}
while true; do
checkRS $RS1
checkRS $RS2
sleep 3
done
RS健康状态检查脚本示例第一版： #!/bin/bash
#
VIP=192.168.10.3
CPORT=80
FAIL_BACK=127.0.0.1
FBSTATUS=0
RS=("192.168.10.7" "192.168.10.8")
RSTATUS=("1" "1")
RW=("2" "1")
RPORT=80
TYPE=g
add() {
ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:$CPORT -r $1:$RPORT -$TYPE -w $2
[ $? -eq 0 ] && return 0 || return 1
}
del() {
ipvsadm -d -t $VIP:$CPORT -r $1:$RPORT
[ $? -eq 0 ] && return 0 || return 1
}
while :; do
let COUNT=0
for I in ${RS
}; do
if curl --connect-timeout 1 http://$I &> /dev/null; then
if [ ${RSTATUS[$COUNT]} -eq 0 ]; then
add $I ${RW[$COUNT]}
[ $? -eq 0 ] && RSTATUS[$COUNT]=1
fi
else
if [ ${RSTATUS[$COUNT]} -eq 1 ]; then
del $I
[ $? -eq 0 ] && RSTATUS[$COUNT]=0
fi
fi
let COUNT++
done
sleep 5
done
RS健康状态检查脚本示例第二版：
#!/bin/bash
#
VIP=192.168.10.3
CPORT=80
FAIL_BACK=127.0.0.1
RS=("192.168.10.7" "192.168.10.8")
declare -a RSSTATUS
RW=("2" "1")
RPORT=80
TYPE=g
CHKLOOP=3
LOG=/var/log/ipvsmonitor.log
addrs() {
ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:$CPORT -r $1:$RPORT -$TYPE -w $2
[ $? -eq 0 ] && return 0 || return 1
}
delrs() {
ipvsadm -d -t $VIP:$CPORT -r $1:$RPORT
[ $? -eq 0 ] && return 0 || return 1
}
checkrs() {
local I=1
while [ $I -le $CHKLOOP ]; do
if curl --connect-timeout 1 http://$1 &> /dev/null; then
return 0
fi
let I++
done
return 1
}
initstatus() {
local I
local COUNT=0;
for I in ${RS
}; do
if ipvsadm -L -n | grep "$I:$RPORT" && > /dev/null ; then
RSSTATUS[$COUNT]=1
else
RSSTATUS[$COUNT]=0
fi
let COUNT++
done
}
initstatus
while :; do
let COUNT=0
for I in ${RS
}; do
if checkrs $I; then
if [ ${RSSTATUS[$COUNT]} -eq 0 ]; then
addrs $I ${RW[$COUNT]}
[ $? -eq 0 ] && RSSTATUS[$COUNT]=1 && echo "`date +'%F %H:%M:%S'`, $I is back." >> $LOG
fi
else
if [ ${RSSTATUS[$COUNT]} -eq 1 ]; then
delrs $I
[ $? -eq 0 ] && RSSTATUS[$COUNT]=0 && echo "`date +'%F %H:%M:%S'`, $I is gone." >> $LOG
fi
fi
let COUNT++
done
sleep 5
done arp_ignore 和 arp_announce 内核参数设置，详情请参考：http://chrome.blog.51cto.com/7933682/1395605
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