apache+tomcat小记

zuier

　　一、环境说明
　　在一台服务器上安装一个apache作为web server,多个tomcat作为应用的容器，此时我们便可以使用apache来作为一个调度员将用户发来的请求发送到不同的tomcat。在此我使用192.168.0.3作为apache和tomcat的服务器，192.168.0.4作为另一台tomcat应用服务器。
　　拓扑如下：

　　二、原理
tomcat 为一个jsp的容器，apache为一个web server，两者之间通信通过worker进行（由Tomcat使用Server.xml文件中Connector的标签来定义其端口和协议），通过 mod_jk的模块（由web服务器像apache、iis等使用）和Web Server通信。整个过程其实就是让apache的httpd.conf文件调用mod_jk.conf，mod_jk.conf调用workers.properties，最后配置虚拟主机。   文件说明mod_jk.conf主要定义mod_jk模块的位置以及mod_jk模块的连接日志设置，还有定义worker.properties文件的位置。worker.properties定义worker的参数，主要是连接tomcat主机的地址和端口信息。如果Tomcat与apache不在同一台机器上，或者需要做多台机器上tomcat的负载均衡只需要更改workers.properties文件中的相应定义即可。三、安装软件1.先安装了所需的程序库yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel2.Apache 安装：tar zxvf httpd-2.2.8.tar.gzcd httpd-2.2.8./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-modules=so --enable-somake && make install3.JDK的安装chmod 755 jdk-6u26-linux-i586-rpm.bin./jdk-6u26-linux-i586-rpm.binmv /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_26 /usr/local/到/usr/bin目录下，把原用的java,javac文件删除:rm -rf /usr/bin/{java,javac}在/usr/bin 下建立 软连接 javaln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_26/bin/java /usr/bin/javaln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_26/bin/javac /usr/bin/javacjavac -version为了方便下在的工作建立两个软链接：ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_26/  /usr/local/jdkln -s /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_26/jre /usr/local/jre4.Tomcat的安装tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.16.tar.gzmv apache-tomcat-7.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat5.设置环境变量:vi .bash_profileJAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdkexport JAVA_HOMEJRE_HOME=/usr/local/jreexport JRE_HOMECLASSPATH=/usr=/usr/local/tomcat/lib/:/usr/local/jdk/lib:/usr/local/jre/libexport>PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin:/usr/local/jre/binexport PATHTOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatexport TOMCAT_HOMEsource .bash_profile  //使环境变量立即生效6.JK 安装 （整合apache tomcat）tar zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.27-src.tar.gzcd tomcat-connectors-1.2.27-src/native./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-java-home=/usr/local/jdksleep 3make && make install在/usr/local/apache2/modules/ 下会产生mod_jk.so（同样在192.168.0.4上也要安装jdk和tomcat）四、配置Apache1.修改apache配置文件NameVirtualHost *:80    ServerName  www.baiying21.com    JkMountFile conf/mount_baiying21.properties    ServerName  www.baiying23.com    JkMountFile conf/mount_baiying23.propertiesinclude conf/mod_jk.conf2.调度器JK的配置建立JK配置文件：vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/workers.propertiesworker.list=jvm_baiying21,jvm_baiying23#========jvm_baiying21========worker.jvm_baiying21.type=ajp13worker.jvm_baiying21.port=8009                       //第6步会配置此端口worker.jvm_baiying21.host=localhostworker.jvm_baiying21.lbfactor=1#========jvm_baiying23========worker.jvm_baiying23.type=ajp13worker.jvm_baiying23.port=8010worker.jvm_baiying23.host=192.168.0.4worker.jvm_baiying23.lbfactor=13.vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/mod_jk.confLoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.soJkWorkersFile conf/workers.propertiesJkLogFile logs/mod_jk.logJkShmFile logs/mod_jk.shmJkLogLevel infoJkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectoriesJkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"#JkMount /* controller4.vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/mount_baiying21.properties/*=jvm_baiying215.vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/mount_baiying23.properties/*=jvm_baiying236.修改baiying21的tomcat调用端口vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml   //我们使用默认端口8009修改baiying23的tomcat调用端口  五、创建jsp测试页面在baiying21的tomcat安装路径下建立目录testmkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test/vi index.jspbaiying21 jsp----------------------------在baiying23的tomcat安装路径下建立目录testmkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test/vi index.jspbaiying23 jsp修改客户端的hosts文件192.168.0.3www.baiying21.com192.168.0.3www.baiying23.com在客户端浏览器分别输入www.baiying21.com/test/index.jsp、www.baiying23.com/test/index.jsp验证apache是否调度成功。错误总结：在未正确配置tomcat调用端口时，日志报错如下错误信息，因为之前我把调度器JK的配置中的tomcat调用端口配置成了8080，而tomcat默认的ajp借口为8009# tail -f access_log192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:14:14:15 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:15:08:20 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 503 323192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:15:16:23 +0800] "GET /test/index.jsp HTTP/1.1" 502 232192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:15:17:42 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 502 232192.168.0.1 - - [24/Aug/2011:15:17:52 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 502 232# tail -f mod_jk.log[Wed Aug 24 15:53:52 2011] [25050:3086759680] [info] jk_handler::mod_jk.c (2678): Service error=0 for worker=jvm_chanjet21[Wed Aug 24 15:54:01 2011] [25050:3086759680] [error] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1296): wrong message format 0x4854 from 127.0.0.1:8080[Wed Aug 24 15:54:01 2011] [25050:3086759680] [error] ajp_get_reply::jk_ajp_common.c (2118): (jvm_chanjet21) Tomcat is down or refused connection. No response has been sent to the client (yet)[Wed Aug 24 15:54:01 2011] [25050:3086759680] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2607): (jvm_chanjet21) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of protocol error (attempt=1)还可以通过netstat  -anp | grep java查看java使用的jk配置中端口信息