操作目的 前端的web服务器接收请求，若是jsp页面，就通过mod_jk/mod_proxy连接器转发至后端的tomcat服务器，并实现tomcat的负载均衡，session会话的保持tomcat1 编译安装httpd 准备的包apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2 安装apr #tar xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2 #cd apr-1.4.6 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr #make #make install #tar xf apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2 #cd apr-util-1.4.1 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr #make #make install 编译安装apache (注意：编译的时候要启用--enable-so 指定apr的位置 启用--enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy=ajp模块） #yum -y install pcre-devel #tar xf httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2 #cd httpd-2.4.2 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-sll --enable-zlib --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp #make #make install #vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 添加 PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid" #!/bin/bash # # httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \ # HTML files and CGI. # processname: httpd # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/httpd fi # Start httpd in the C locale by default. HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"} # This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if # mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user. INITLOG_ARGS="" # Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server # with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not # work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start. # Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages. apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd} prog=httpd pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd} RETVAL=0 start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile} return $RETVAL } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then RETVAL=$? echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error" failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error" else killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP RETVAL=$? fi echo } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status -p ${pidfile} $httpd RETVAL=$? ;; restart) stop start ;; condrestart) if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then stop start fi ;; reload) reload ;; graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus) $apachectl $@ RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL #chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd #chkconfig --add httpd #service httpd start 添加apache的路径 #vim /etc/profile PATH:$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin 而后重新载入/etc/profile #. /etc/profile # httpd -D DUMP_MODULES | grep proxy //查看加载的模块 proxy_http_module (shared) proxy_fcgi_module (shared) proxy_scgi_module (shared) proxy_ajp_module (shared) tomcat1 tomcat2 安装tomcat # rpm -ivh jdk-7u5-linux-i586.rpm 为JVM指定JDK路径 #vim /etc/profile JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_05 PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC JAVA_HOME #. /etc/profile # printenv 有如下内容 JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_05 # java -version //可以测试jdk是否生效 java version "1.7.0_05" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_05-b05) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 23.1-b03, mixed mode, sharing) #tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.29.tar.gz -C /usr/local # cd /usr/local # ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.29 tomcat # /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start 启动 至此，两台服务器准备完毕 tomcat1 #vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 修改 演示效果，在TomcatA上某context中提供特定页面 #cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps #mkdir -pv sess/WEB-INF/{lib,classes} #cd sess #vim index.jsp 添加如下内容 TomcatA TomcatA Session ID Created on #/usr/local/tomcat/conf/catalina.sh stop #/usr/local/tomcat/conf/catalina.sh stop tomcat2 #vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 修改 演示效果，在TomcatB上某context中，提供特定页面 #cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps #mkdir -pv sess/WEB-INF/{lib,classes} #cd sess #vim index.jsp 添加如下 TomcatB TomcatB Session ID Created on # /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop # /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start tomcat1: 修改/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf为如下内容： # Load the mod_jk LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel debug JkMount /* lbcluster1 JkMount /status stat1 保存退出 （lbcluster1 这个名字是虚的，专门是为了实现负载均衡的) 编辑/etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties，添加如下内容： worker.list=lbcluster1,stat1 worker.TomcatA.port=8009 worker.TomcatA.host=172.16.220.11 worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13 worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1 worker.TomcatB.port=8009 worker.TomcatB.host=172.16.220.12 worker.TomcatB.type=ajp13 worker.TomcatB.lbfactor=1 worker.lbcluster1.type=lb worker.lbcluster1.balance_workers=TomcatA,TomcatB worker.stat1.type=status worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session = 0 #service httpd restart 2.2 基于mod_proxy实现负载均衡 tomcat1: #vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf #vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 内容改为： ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster1/ stickysession=jsessionid ProxyPa***everse / balancer://lbcluster1/ BalancerMember ajp://172.16.220.11:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA BalancerMember ajp://172.16.220.12:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB ServerAdmin admin@magedu.com ServerName tomcat.magedu.com #service httpd restart 四、tomcat基于session复制的集群 （DeltaManager 和BackupManager都可以实现） 在tomcat1主机上： #vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 行下面添加如下内容： #cp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/sess/WEB-INF #vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/sess/WEB-INF/web.xml 在 后面添加如下 #/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop #/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start #service httpd restart tomcat2上的配置和tocmat1上的配置一样，只不过是把tomcat1的地址改为tomcat2的地址为172.16.220.12，然后复制web.xml，重启服务 操作过程中遇到了不少问题，这里分享一下： 1、第五步中启动httpd时，启动成功了，但是端口并没有监听，什么原因？ # tail /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log [Wed Aug 29 12:25:43.918479 2012] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 25008:tid 3086427904] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded? 编译配置文件启用这个模块即可 LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so 2、 使用mod_jk总是实现不了复制均衡，什么问题？页面访问的一直是TomcatA，郁闷啊 原因1：worker.lbcluster1.balance_workers = TomcatA,TomcatB 中 “TomcatA和TomcatB之间多了一个空格，导致TomcatA出不来 2：没有加worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session = 0 ，导致无法负载均衡，添加上之后就OK了 3、做mod_proxy时遇到了错误 重启httpd 时错误 # service httpd restart Stopping httpd: [FAILED] Starting httpd: [ OK ] # tail /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 4753:tid 3086935808] (22)Invalid argument: AH01186: worker slotmem_grab failed [Wed Aug 29 20:15:18.609721 2012] [:emerg] [pid 4753:tid 3086935808] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting 解决：在虚拟主机的配置文件中，第一次是把 ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster1/ stickysession=jsessionid ProxyPa***everse / balancer://lbcluster1/ 这两项内容定义在了虚拟主机内部，出了错误 定义在全局位置就可以了 4、在实现session复制时，定义时，放在其他地方就不行，即便是放在 的前面就不行，一定要放在后面才可以，可以是下面的任何一定地方，这是文件读取时加载的顺序
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