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[经验分享] 手把手教 centos+nginx1.3.9+php5.4.9+mysql5.5.28+memcached-jamesrh技术博客

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发表于 2018-12-26 06:47:38 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  一:安装Nginx
  1,添加一个不能登录且没有主目录的用户:
  1 # useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin(www可以用nginx,说明是nginx用户)
  2,必要的组件
  # wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.13.zip
  # unzip pcre-8.13.zip
  # cd pcre-8.13
  # ./configure
  # make && make install
  (如果有错误提示:
  ./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
  请按照下面的安装方法:
  安装pcre-devel与openssl-devel解决问题
  yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel)
  MGB,安装出现一个问题 make: *** No rule to make target `build', needed by `default'.  Stop.,莫名的奇妙;
  安装make:
yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make  安装g++:
yum install gcc gcc-c++yum -y install openssl openssl-devel  3,编译nginx并安装
  # tar -zxvf nginx-1.3.9.tar.gz
  # cd nginx-1.3.9
  # ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module  --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.34
  # make && make install
  --with-pcre 后面的路径 为源码包解压后的路径,而不是安装路径,否则会报错!
  [2].安装PHP
  1,安装必要的组件
  # yum -y install libjpeg-devel libpng-devel
  # wget ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz(下载,这个路径不一定正确,可以通过其他方法下载)
  # tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
  # cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
  # ./configure
  # make && make install
  ==64位系统==
  1 # ln -s /usr/lib64/mysql/ /usr/lib/mysql
  ==64位系统==
  二:编译php并安装
  # cd php-5.4.9
  # ./configure --prefix=/opt/php --with-iconv --with-zlib --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt ='对于libmcrypt的安装目录' --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets  --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-mysql --with-mysqli --enable-sqlite-utf8 --with-pdo-mysql --enable-ftp --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-png-dir --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www
  # make && make install
  相关错误解决:
  checking for cURL in default path... not found
  configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -
  easy.h should be in /include/curl/
  其实就是curl的dev包没有安装, 解决方案:
  终端下
  # yum -y install curl-devel
  然后就可以继续了
  在CentOS编译PHP5的时候有时会遇到以下的一些错误信息,基本上都可以通过yum安装相应的库来解决。以下是具体的一些解决办法:
  checking for BZip2 support… yes checking for BZip2 in default path… not found configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution
  Fix: yum install bzip2-devel
  checking for cURL support… yes checking if we should use cURL for url streams… no checking for cURL in default path… not found configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution – easy.h should be in/include/curl/
  Fix: yum install curl-devel
  checking for curl_multi_strerror in -lcurl… yes checking for QDBM support… no checking for GDBM support… no checking for NDBM support… no configure: error: DBA: Could not find necessary header file(s).
  Fix: yum install db4-devel
  checking for fabsf… yes checking for floorf… yes configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.
  Fix: yum install libjpeg-devel
  checking for fabsf… yes checking for floorf… yes checking for jpeg_read_header in -ljpeg… yes configure: error: png.h not found.
  Fix: yum install libpng-devel
  checking for png_write_image in -lpng… yes If configure fails try –with-xpm-dir=
  Fix: Reconfigure your PHP with the following option. --with-xpm-dir=/usr
  checking for png_write_image in -lpng… yes configure: error: libXpm.(a|so) not found.
  Fix: yum install libXpm-devel
  checking for bind_textdomain_codeset in -lc… yes checking for GNU MP support… yes configure: error: Unable to locate gmp.h
  Fix: yum install gmp-devel
  checking for utf8_mime2text signature… new checking for U8T_DECOMPOSE… configure: error: utf8_mime2text() has new signature, but U8T_CANONICAL is missing. This should not happen. Check config.log for additional information.
  Fix: yum install libc-client-devel
  checking for LDAP support… yes, shared checking for LDAP Cyrus SASL support… yes configure: error: Cannot find ldap.h
  Fix: yum install openldap-devel
  checking for mysql_set_character_set in -lmysqlclient… yes checking for mysql_stmt_next_result in -lmysqlclient… no checking for Oracle Database OCI8 support… no checking for unixODBC support… configure: error: ODBC header file ‘/usr/include/sqlext.h’ not found!
  Fix:
  yum install unixODBC-devel
  checking for PostgreSQL support for PDO… yes, shared checking for pg_config… not found configure: error: Cannot find libpq-fe.h. Please specify correct PostgreSQL installation path
  Fix: yum install postgresql-devel
  checking for sqlite 3 support for PDO… yes, shared checking for PDO includes… (cached) /usr/local/src/php-5.3.7/ext checking for sqlite3 files in default path… not found configure: error: Please reinstall the sqlite3 distribution
  Fix: yum install sqlite-devel
  checking for utsname.domainname… yes checking for PSPELL support… yes configure: error: Cannot find pspell
  Fix: yum install aspell-devel
  checking whether to enable UCD SNMP hack… yes checking for default_store.h… no
  checking for kstat_read in -lkstat… no checking for snmp_parse_oid in -lsnmp… no checking for init_snmp in -lsnmp… no configure: error: SNMP sanity check failed. Please check config.log for more information.
  Fix: yum install net-snmp-devel
  checking whether to enable XMLWriter support… yes, shared checking for xml2-config path… (cached) /usr/bin/xml2-config checking whether libxml build works… (cached) yes checking for XSL support… yes, shared configure: error: xslt-config not found. Please reinstall the libxslt >= 1.1.0 distribution
  Fix: yum install libxslt-devel
  configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
  Fix: yum install libxml2-devel
  checking for PCRE headers location… configure: error: Could not find pcre.h in /usr
  Fix: yum install pcre-devel
  configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under yes. Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
  Fix: yum install mysql-devel
  checking for unixODBC support… configure: error: ODBC header file ‘/usr/include/sqlext.h’ not found!
  Fix: yum install unixODBC-devel
  checking for pg_config… not found configure: error: Cannot find libpq-fe.h. Please specify correct PostgreSQL installation path
  Fix:
  yum install postgresql-devel
  configure: error: Cannot find pspell
  Fix: yum install pspell-devel
  configure: error: Could not find net-snmp-config binary. Please check your net-snmp installation.
  Fix: yum install net-snmp-devel
  configure: error: xslt-config not found. Please reinstall the libxslt >= 1.1.0 distribution
  Fix: yum install libxslt-devel
  3,拷贝和修改php配置文件
  # cp php.ini-production /opt/php/lib/php.ini 或是/usr/local/lib/php.ini
  # cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
  # /opt/php/bin/php --ini   //测试ini文件是否加载
  修改php.ini
  [PHP]
  safe_mode = On
  register_globals = Off
  magic_quotes_gpc = Off
  allow_url_fopen = Off
  allow_url_include = Off
  expose_php=Off
  disable_functions = shell_exec,system,exec,passthru,show_source,curl_exec,curl_multi_exec,get_cfg_var
  [Date]
  date.timezone = “Asia/Shanghai”
  修改php-fpm.conf
  [global]
  pid = run/php-fpm.pid
  error_log = log/php-fpm.log
  log_level = notice
  emergency_restart_threshold = 0
  emergency_restart_interval = 0
  [www]
  pm.start_servers = 20
  pm.min_spare_servers = 5
  pm.max_spare_servers = 35(不能大于max_children)
  pm.max_requests = 500
  4,添加服务启动脚本
  # cp nginx /etc/init.d/nginx
  # cp php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
  # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
  # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
  # chkconfig --add nginx
  # chkconfig --add php-fpm
  # chkconfig nginx on
  # chkconfig php-fpm on
  三:安装Mysql
  3.1, 创建mysql安装目录
  1 # mkdir -p /opt/mysql/
  3.2, 创建数据存放目录
  1 # mkdir -p /data/mysql/
  3.3, 创建用户和用户组与赋予数据存放目录权限
  # useradd mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
  # chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql/
  3.4, 安装必要的组件
  # yum -y install cmake
  # yum -y install ncurses-devel
  3.5, 编译安装Mysql
  tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz
  cd mysql-5.5.28
  cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
  # make && make install
  安装完mysql服务器运行正常,但无法使用gbk字符集,系统装了中文支持,mysql重装了几次都不行.
  show character set里没有gbk;
  set names gbk 就提示错误 #1115 - Unknown character set: 'gbk'
  ------------
  解决方案:
  上面的编译参数-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk
  这个参数引起的问题
  方法一、去掉这个参数,默认值是支持all的charset
  方法二、直接改为-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all
  加入-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci选项后,启动mysql可能会有问题,须在my.cnf 文件 [mysqld]加入
  character_set_server=utf8
  3.6, 初始化数据库
  # cd /opt/mysql
  # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/
  3.7, 配置环境
  # cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf(这里的my.cnf参考服务器的内存大小 一般my-medium.cnf是256M,my-large.cnf是512M)
  # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
  # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
  # chkconfig mysql on
  # export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH //设置环境变量
  3.8, 启动并设置初始密码
  # /etc/init.d/mysql start
  # mysqladmin -uroot password '123123'
  进行再修改密码的语句
  1: UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD(‘newpwd’) WHERE User = ‘root’;(生新设置密码)
  2: flush privileges;(刷新权限)
  注:mysql日志文件保存在/data/mysql/下面,对应数据文件保存的路径(比如.err)。
  四:安装memcached
1.下载libevent和memcached
  http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
  https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz
  2.安装libevent
  tar -zxvf libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz
  cd libevent-2.0.18-stable
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
  make && make install
  cd ../
  3.安装memcached
  tar -zxvf memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
  cd memcached-1.4.13
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent/
  make && make install
  cd ..
  4:安装Memcache的PHP扩展
  (1).在http://pecl.php.net/package/memcache 选择相应想要下载的memcache版本。
  (2).安装PHP的memcache扩展
  tar vxzf memcache-2.2.6.tar.gz
  cd memcache-2.2.6
  /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
  ./configure –enable-memcache –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config –with-zlib-dir
  make
  make install
  (3).上述安装完后会有类似这样的提示:
  Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/
  (4).把php.ini中的extension_dir = “./”修改为
  extension_dir = “/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/”
  (5).添加一行来载入memcache扩展:extension=memcache.so
  5.启动并加入启动项
  /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -l 192.168.1.2 -u www -m 512 -c 10240 -p 12000 -P /tmp/memcached.pid
  将以上加入到/etc/rc.local方便下次自动启动
  *注:用户-u必须指定,在此处示例所用的是WEB用户www
  6.使用telnet查看状态
  telnet 192.168.1.2 12000
  stats #查看运行状态
  quit #退出
  附注:
  php5.4.9启动命令:/opt/php/sbin/php-fpm
  检测php运行进程 ps aux|grep php-fpm
  php-fpm 关闭:
  kill -INT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
  关闭后,需要 /opt/php/sbin/php-fpm启动;没有php-fpm.pid就用touch创建。
  php-fpm 重启:
  kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
  Nginx 服务启动命令:/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
  语法检测 /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t    检测nginx.conf文件语法;
  php启动报错:
ERROR: [pool www] cannot get uid for user 'fpm'  需要在php-fpm上改动user=fpm
  group=fpm
  fpm改成nginx;(安装nginx的用户)



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