很有用的Windows 7 小贴士 (ZT)

风起漂泊

转帖自 http://blogs.msdn.com/tims/archive/2009/01/12/the-bumper-list-of-windows-7-secrets.aspx 　　 　　It’s great to see Windows 7 Beta finally   released to the world! We're very proud of what has been accomplished   over the last months; in many ways, it sets a new quality bar for a beta   operating system release. Building on top of the Windows Vista foundation,   Windows 7 adds a great deal of polish and refinement to both the user   interface and the underlying architecture, while at the same time introducing   many new features and improvements that support new hardware, give power   users and casual users alike better tools to manage their digital lives, and   enable new classes of application experience. 　　Over future   blog entries, I’ll spend time drilling into some of those areas in more   detail; of course, there are plenty of articles already out there that   dissect Windows 7 in some depth, with the Windows SuperSite and Ars Technica   providing notably comprehensive entries. I’d also like to draw particular   attention to the series of   Windows 7 interviews that Yochay   Kiriaty has been posting on Channel 9,   which give the inside scoop on the development of many of the most   significant new features. 　　For now,   though, I want to focus in on some of “secrets” of Windows 7: the many little   tweaks and enhancements that we’ve made in this release that I’ve discovered   and collated over the last few months of using Windows 7 across my home and   work machines. These are the things that are too small to appear in any   marketing document as “features”, but that you quickly miss when you switch   to an older version of Windows. There are some who think that   we’re arbitrarily hiding functionality to make Windows easy for casual   users, but I’d argue that a great deal of effort has been put into this   release to satisfy power users. In homage to those of us who enjoy   discovering the nooks and crannies of a new operating system list, I’ve put   together the longest blog post that I’ve ever written. If you’ve downloaded   and installed Windows 7 Beta recently, I think you’ll enjoy this list of   my thirty favorite secrets. Have fun! Windows        Management.By now, you’ve probably seen        that Windows 7 does a lot to make window management easier: you can        “dock” a window to the left or right half of the screen by simply        dragging it to the edge; similarly, you can drag the window to the top        of the screen to maximize it, and double-click the window top / bottom        border to maximize it vertically with the same horizontal width. What        you might not know is that all these actions are also available with        keyboard shortcuts: Win+Left Arrow and Win+Right Arrow dock;          Win+Up Arrow and Win+Down Arrow maximizes         and restores / minimizes; Win+Shift+Up         Arrow and         Win+Shift+Down         Arrow maximizes and restores the vertical size. 　　This   side-by-side docking feature is particularly invaluable on widescreen   monitors – it makes the old Windows way of shift-clicking on two items in the   taskbar and then using the context menu to arrange them feel really painful. Display        Projection.Had enough of messing around        with weird and wonderful OEM display driver utilities to get your        notebook display onto an external projector? In that case, you’ll be        pleased to know that projection is really quick and simple with Windows        7. Just hit Win+P,        and you’ll be rewarded by the following pop-up window:           Use the arrow keys (or keep hitting Win+P) to switch to “clone”,        “extend” or “external only” display settings. You can also access the        application as displayswitch.exe.         If you want broader control over presentation settings, you can also        press Win+X to        open the Windows Mobility Center, which allows you to turn on a        presentation “mode” that switches IM clients to do not disturb,        disables screensavers, sets a neutral wallpaper etc. (Note that this        feature is also available in Windows Vista.) Cut        Out The Clutter.Working on a        document in a window and want to get rid of all the extraneous        background noise? Simply hit Win+Home        to minimize all the non-active background windows, keeping the window        you’re using in its current position. When you’re ready, simply press        Win+Home again to restore the background windows to their original        locations. Multi-Monitor        Windows Management.The earlier tip on        window management showed how you can dock windows within a monitor. One        refinement of those shortcuts is that you can use Win+Shift+Left Arrow and        Win+Shift+Right        Arrow to        move windows from one monitor to another – keeping them in the same        relative location to the monitor’s top-left origin. Command        Junkies Only.One of the most popular power        toys in Windows XP was “Open Command Prompt Here”, which enabled you to        use the graphical shell to browse around the file system and then use        the context menu to open a command prompt at the current working        directory. In Windows 7 (and in Windows Vista, incidentally – although        not many folk knew about it), you can simply hold the Shift key down        while selecting the context menu to get exactly the same effect. If the        current working directory is a network location, it will automatically        map a drive letter for you. It’s        a Global Village. If you’ve tried to change        your desktop wallpaper, you’ve probably noticed that there’s a set of        wallpapers there that match the locale you selected when you installed        Windows. (If you picked US, you’ll see beautiful views of Crater Lake in        Oregon, the Arches National Park, a beach in Hawai’i, etc.) In fact,        there are several sets of themed wallpapers installed based on the        language you choose, but the others are in a hidden directory. If you’re        feeling in an international mood, simply browse to C:"Windows"Globalization"MCT and        you’ll see a series of pictures under the Wallpaper directory for each        country. Just double-click on the theme file in the Theme directory to        display a rotation through all the pictures for that country. (Note that        some countries contain a generic set of placeholder art for now.) The        Black Box Recorder.Every developer        wishes there was a way that an end-users could quickly and simply record        a repro for the problem that they’re running into that is unique to        their machine. Windows 7 comes to the rescue! Part of the in-built        diagnostic tools that we use internally to send feedback on the product,        the Problem Steps Recorder provides a simple screen capture tool that        enables you to record a series of actions. Once you hit “record”, it        tracks your mouse and keyboard and captures screenshots with any        comments you choose to associate alongside them. Once you stop        recording, it saves the whole thing to a ZIP file, containing an        HTML-based “slide show” of the steps. It’s a really neat little tool and        I can’t wait for it to become ubiquitous on every desktop! The program        is called psr.exe;        you can also search for it from Control Panel under “Record steps to        reproduce a problem”. The        Font of All Knowledge. Long Zheng will be happy:        we’ve got rid of the Add        Fonts dialog that has served Windows faithfully for the last twenty        years. (Of course, for most of that time, it’s been deprecated – the        easy way to install a set of fonts has simply been to drag them into the        Fonts folder via Control Panel.) But now font installation is really        easy – we’ve added an “Install” button to the font viewer applet that        takes care of the installation process: There are lots of other new features built into Windows 7 that will        satisfy those of a typographic bent, incidentally – grouping multiple        weights together, the ability to hide fonts based on regional settings,        a new text rendering engine built into the DirectWrite API, and support        in the Font common file dialog for more than the four “standard” weights.        For example:           Gabriola.As well as the        other typographic features mentioned above, Windows 7 includes Gabriola,        an elaborate display type from the Tiro        Typeworks foundry that takes advantage of OpenType Layout to provide        a variety of stylistic sets, flourishes and ornamentation ligatures: Who        Stole My Browser? If you feel like Internet Explorer is taking a        long time to load your page, it’s worth taking a look at the add-ons you        have installed. One of the more helpful little additions in Internet        Explorer 8 is instrumentation for add-on initialization, allowing you to        quickly see whether you’re sitting around waiting for plug-ins to load.        Just click Tools        / Manage Add-ons, and then scroll right in the list view        to see the load time. On my machine, I noticed that the Research add-on        that Office 2007 installs was a particular culprit, and since I never        use it, it was simple to disable it from the same dialog box. Rearranging        the Furniture.Unless you’ve seen it        demonstrated, you may not know that the icons in the new taskbar aren’t        fixed in-place. You can reorder them to suit your needs, whether they’re        pinned shortcuts or running applications. What’s particularly nice is        that once they’re reordered, you can start a new instance of any of the        first five icons by pressing Win+1, Win+2, Win+3 etc. I        love that I can quickly fire up a Notepad2        instance on my machine with a simple Win+5 keystroke, for instance. What’s less well-known is that you can similarly drag the system tray        icons around to rearrange their order, or move them in and out of the        hidden icon list. It’s an easy way to customize your system to show the        things you want, where you want them. Installing        from a USB Memory Stick.My wife has a Samsung        NC10 netbook (very nice machine, by the way), and we wanted to        install Windows 7 Beta on this machine to replace the pre-installed        Windows XP environment. Like most netbook-class devices, this machine        has no built-in media drive, and nor did I have an external USB DVD        drive available to boot off. The solution: I took a spare 4GB USB 2.0        thumbdrive, reformatted it as FAT32, and simply copied the contents of        the Windows 7 Beta ISO image to the memory stick using xcopy e:" f:" /e /f        (where e: was the DVD drive and f: was the removable drive location).        Not only was it easy to boot and install from the thumbdrive, it was        also blindingly fast: quicker than the corresponding DVD install on my        desktop machine. It’s also worth noting in passing that Windows 7 is far better suited to        a netbook than any previous operating system: it has a much lighter hard        drive and memory footprint than Windows Vista, while also being able to        optimize for solid state drives (for example, it switches off disk        defragmentation since random read access is as fast as sequential read        access, and it handles file deletions differently to minimize wear on        the solid state drive). I        Want My Quick Launch Toolbar Back!You might have        noticed that the old faithful Quick Launch toolbar is not only disabled        by default in Windows 7, it’s actually missing from the list of        toolbars. As is probably obvious, the concept of having a set of pinned        shortcut icons is now integrated directly into the new taskbar. Based on        early user interface testing, we think that the vast majority of users        out there (i.e. not the kind of folk who read this blog, with the        exception of my mother) will be quite happy with the new model, but if        you’re after the retro behavior, you’ll be pleased to know that the old        shortcuts are all still there. To re-enable it, do the following: Right-click the taskbar,         choose Toolbars / New Toolbar In the folder selection         dialog, enter the following string and hit OK: %userprofile%"AppData"Roaming"Microsoft"Internet         Explorer"Quick Launch Turn off the “lock the         taskbar” setting, and right-click on the divider. Make sure that “Show         text” and “Show title” are disabled and the view is set to “small         icons”. Use the dividers to         rearrange the toolbar ordering to choice, and then lock the taskbar         again. 　　If   it’s not obvious by the semi-tortuous steps above, it’s worth noting that   this isn’t something we’re exactly desperate   for folks to re-enable, but it’s there if you really need it for   some reason. Incidentally, we’d love you to really try the new model first   and give us feedback on why you felt the new taskbar didn’t suit your needs. It’s        a Drag.Much        play has been made of the Jump Lists feature in Windows 7, allowing        applications like Windows Live Messenger to offer an easy task-based        entry point. Jump lists replace the default right-click context menu in        the new taskbar; another way to access them (particularly useful if        you’re running Windows 7 on a one-button MacBook) is by left-clicking        and dragging up in a kind of “swooshing” motion. This was designed for        touch-enabled devices like the beautiful        HP TouchSmart all-in-one PC, where the same gesture applies. Another place where you can “swoosh” (not an official Microsoft term) is        the IE 8 address bar, where the downward drag gesture brings up an        expanded list containing the browser history, favorites and similar        entries. The slower you drag, the cooler the animation! Standards        Support. Every        review of Windows 7 that I’ve seen has noted the revamped WordPad and        Paint applets that add an Office-like ribbon to expose their        functionality. Few, however, have noticed one small but hopefully        appreciated feature: WordPad can now read and write both the Word        2007-compatible Office        Open XML file format but also the OpenDocument        specification that IBM and Sun have been advocating:           Windows        Vista-Style Taskbar. I wasn’t initially a fan of the Windows 7        taskbar when it was first introduced in early Windows 7 builds, but as        the design was refined in the run up to the beta, I was converted and        now actively prefer the new look, particularly when I’ve got lots of        windows open simultaneously. For those who really would prefer a look        more reminiscent of Windows Vista, the good news is that it’s easy to        customize the look of the taskbar to more closely mirror the old        version:           To achieve this look, right-click on the taskbar and choose the        properties dialog. Select the “small icons” checkbox and under the        “taskbar buttons” setting, choose “combine when taskbar is full”. It’s        not pixel-perfect in accuracy, but it’s close from a functionality point        of view. Peeking        at the Desktop.        While we’re on the taskbar, it’s worth noting a few subtleties. You’ve        probably seen the small rectangle in the bottom right hand corner: this        is the feature we call “Aero Peek”, which enables you to see any gadgets        or icons you’ve got on your desktop. I wanted to note that there’s a        keyboard shortcut that does the same thing – just press Win+Space. Running        with Elevated Rights. Want to quickly launch a taskbar-docked        application as an administrator? It’s easy – hold down Ctrl+Shift while        you click on the icon, and you’ll immediately launch it with full        administrative rights (assuming your account has the necessary        permissions, of course!) One        More of the Same, Please.I’ve seen a few        folk caught out by this one. If you’ve already got an application open        on your desktop (for example, a command prompt window), and you want to        open a second instance of the same application, you don’t have to go        back to the start menu. You can simply hold down the Shift key        while clicking on the taskbar icon, and it will open a new instance of        the application rather than switching to the existing application. For a        keyboard-free shortcut, you can middle-click        with the third mouse button to do the same thing. (This trick assumes        that your application supports multiple running instances, naturally.) Specialized        Windows Switching.Another feature        that power users will love is the ability to do a kind of “Alt+Tab”        switching across windows that belong to just one application. For        example, if you’ve got five Outlook message windows open along with ten        other windows, you can quickly tab through just the Outlook windows by        holding down the Ctrl        key while you repeatedly click on the single Outlook        icon. This will toggle through each of the five Outlook windows in        order, and is way faster than opening Alt+Tab and trying to figure out        which of the tiny thumbnail images relates to the specific message        you’re trying to find. Walking        Through the Taskbar.Another “secret”        Windows shortcut: press Win+T        to move the focus to the taskbar. Once you’re there, you can use the        arrow keys to select a particular window or group and then hit Enter to        launch or activate it. As ever, you can cancel out of this mode by        hitting the Esc key. I don’t know for sure, but I presume this shortcut        was introduced for those with accessibility needs. However, it’s equally        valuable to power users – another good reason for all developers to care        about ensuring their code is accessible. The        Widescreen Tip.Almost every        display sold these days is widescreen, whether you’re buying a notebook        computer or a monitor. While it might be great for watching DVDs, when        you’re trying to get work done it can sometimes feel like you’re a        little squeezed for vertical space. As a result, the first thing I do when I set up any new computer is to        dock the taskbar to the left hand side of the screen. I can understand        why we don’t set this by default – can you imagine the complaints from        enterprise IT departments who have to retrain all their staff – but        there’s no reason why you as a power user should have to suffer from        default settings introduced when the average screen resolution was        800x600. In the past, Windows did an indifferent job of supporting “side dockers”        like myself. Sure, you could move the taskbar, but it felt like an        afterthought – the gradients would be wrong, the Start menu had a few        idiosyncrasies, and you’d feel like something of a second-class citizen.        The Windows 7 taskbar feels almost as if it was designed with vertical        mode as the default – the icons work well on the side of the screen,        shortcuts like the Win+T trick mentioned previously automatically switch        from left/right arrows to up/down arrows, and so on. The net effect is        that you wind up with a much better proportioned working space. Try it – in particular, if you’ve got a netbook computer that has a        1024x600 display, you’ll immediately appreciate the extra space for        browsing the Internet. For the first day you’ll feel a little out of        sync, but then I guarantee you’ll become an enthusiastic convert! Pin        Your Favorite Folders.If you’re always        working in the same four or five folders, you can quickly pin them with        the Explorer icon on the taskbar. Hold the right-click button down and        drag the folder to the taskbar, and it will be automatically pinned in        the Explorer Jump List. Starting        Explorer from “My Computer”. If you spend more time        manipulating files outside of the documents folders than inside, you        might want to change the default starting directory for Windows Explorer        so that it opens at the Computer node:    To do this, navigate to Windows Explorer in the Start Menu (it’s in the        Accessories folder). Then edit the properties and change the target to        read: %SystemRoot%"explorer.exe        /root,::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D} If you want the change to affect the icon on the taskbar, you’ll need to        unpin and repin it to the taskbar so that the new shortcut takes affect.        It’s worth noting that Win+E        will continue to display the documents library as the default view: I’ve        not found a way to change this from the shell at this time. ClearType        Text Tuning and Display Color Calibration. If you want to        tune up your display for image or text display, we have the tools        included out of the box. It’s amazing what a difference this makes: by        slightly darkening the color of the text and adjusting the gamma back a        little, my laptop display looks much crisper than it did before. You’d        adjust the brightness and contrast settings on that fancy 42” HDTV        you’ve just bought: why wouldn’t you do the same for the computer        displays that you stare at every day?   Check out cttune.exe        and dccw.exe        respectively, or run the applets from Control Panel. ISO        Burning.        Easy to miss if you’re not looking for it: you can double-click on any        DVD or CD .ISO image and you’ll see a helpful little applet that will        enable you to burn the image to a blank disc. No more grappling for        shareware utilities of questionable parentage! Windows        Movie Maker.Windows 7 doesn’t include a        movie editing tool – it’s been moved to the Windows Live Essentials        package, along with Photo Gallery, Mail and Messenger. Unfortunately,        Windows Live Movie Maker is currently still in an early beta that is        missing most of the old feature set (we’re reworking the application),        and so you might be feeling a little bereft of options. It goes without        saying that we intend to have a better solution by the time we ship        Windows 7, but in the meantime the best solution for us early adopters        is to use Windows Movie Maker 2.6 (which is essentially the same as the        most recent update to the Windows XP version). It’s missing the full set        of effects and transitions from the Windows Vista version, and doesn’t        support HD editing, but it’s pretty functional for the typical usage        scenario of home movie editing.    Download Windows Movie Maker 2.6 from here: http://microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=d6ba5972-328e-4df7-8f9d-068fc0f80cfc          Hiding        the Windows Live Messenger Icon.Hopefully your        first act after Windows 7 setup completed was to download and install        the Windows Live Essentials suite of applications (if not, then you’re        missing out on a significant part of the Windows experience). If you’re        a heavy user of IM, you may love the way that Windows Live Messenger is        front and central on the taskbar, where you can easily change status and        quickly send an IM to someone: On the other hand, you may prefer to keep Windows Live Messenger in the        system tray where it’s been for previous releases. If so, you can fool        the application into the old style of behavior. To do this, close        Windows Live Messenger, edit the shortcut properties and set the        application to run in Windows Vista compatibility mode. Bingo! Enjoy        The Fish. I’m        surprised that not many people seem to have caught the subtle joke with        the Siamese fighting fish that is part of the default background, so        I’ll do my part at keeping the secret hidden. Check out wikipedia for a clue. When        All Else Fails… There        are always those times when you’re in a really bad spot – you can’t boot        up properly, and what you really want is something you can quickly use        to get at a command prompt so you can properly troubleshoot. Windows 7        now includes the ability to create a system repair disc, which is        essentially a CD-bootable version of Windows that just includes the        command prompt and a suite of system tools. Just type “system repair        disc” in the Start Menu search box, and you’ll be led to the utility.

　　
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