LINUX 监控SNMP培训日记 1 ( RRDTOOL

llcong

　　1. SNMP
　　SNMPWALK / SNMPGET/ snmpnetstat / snmpd.conf
　　2. RRD ( round robin database )
　　时间序列数据, 创建时指定时间槽，间隔
　　PDP : 主数据节点: Primary Data Point ( 临时数据 ) -〉分组计算在保存到时间槽中
　　CDP : 聚合数据节点( consolidate data point )
　　有用的数据是RRA : round robin archive DATA
　　解析度：resolution 时间跨度
　　一个ＲＲＤ文件可以保存两个序列，（DATA source )数据源
　　每个数据源可以定义单独聚合
　　创建ＲＲＤ ( rrdtool )
　　create / update / updatev / graph / info  / rrdresze / xprt / flushcached / rrdcgi
　　create :  set up a new rrd
　　update : store new data values into an RRD
　　updatev : operationally equivalent to update except for output
　　graph    :
　　create a graph from data stored in one or serveral RRDs
　　Apart from generating graphs, data can also be extracted to stdout
　　dump : dump the contents of an RRD in  plain ASCII. In connection wit restore you can use this to move an RRD from one computer architecture to another
　　restore : restor an RRD  in XML format to a binary RRD
　　fetch : get data for a certian time period from a RRD.
　　tune : alter setup of an RRD
　　last    : fetch the last updat time of an RRD
　　info    : get information about an RRD
　　rrdresize    : change the size of individual RRAs
　　xport        : export data retrieved from one or serveral RRDs
　　flushcached : flush the values for a specific RRD file from memory
　　rrdcgi    : standalone tool for producing RRD graphs on the fly
　　实例：每５秒产生一个随机数，参看５０ｓ和５００ｓ的平均值
　　５秒钟数据保存一天／５０ｓ数据保存１周／５００ｓ数据保存一个月
　　rrdtool create {filename} [--start|-b starttime ] [--step | -s step ] [--no-overwrite] [DS:ds-name:DST:dst arguments] [ RRA:CF:cf argumens]
　　DST : 数据类型－ＧＡＵＧＥ／ＣＯＵＮＴＥＲ/ＤＥＲＩＶE/ＡＢＳＯＬＵＴＥ/Compute
　　DST arguments : heartbeat : min : max
　　CF: 聚合函数：AVERAGE/MIN/MAX/LAST
　　CF arguments :      xff:steps:rows
　　#> rdtool create test.rrd --step 5 DS:testds:GAUGE:8:0:U RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:10:17280 RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:10:3456 RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:100:1210
　　#> rrdtool info test.rrd
　　filename = "test.rrd"
rrd_version = "0003"
step = 5
last_update = 1397123014
ds[testds].type = "GAUGE"
ds[testds].minimal_heartbeat = 8
ds[testds].min = 0.0000000000e+00
ds[testds].max = NaN
ds[testds].last_ds = "U"
ds[testds].value = 0.0000000000e+00
ds[testds].unknown_sec = 4
rra[0].cf = "AVERAGE"
rra[0].rows = 17280
rra[0].cur_row = 11633
rra[0].pdp_per_row = 10
rra[0].xff = 5.0000000000e-01
rra[0].cdp_prep[0].value = NaN
rra[0].cdp_prep[0].unknown_datapoints = 2
rra[1].cf = "AVERAGE"
rra[1].rows = 3456
rra[1].cur_row = 2955
rra[1].pdp_per_row = 10
rra[1].xff = 5.0000000000e-01
rra[1].cdp_prep[0].value = NaN
rra[1].cdp_prep[0].unknown_datapoints = 2
rra[2].cf = "AVERAGE"
rra[2].rows = 1210
rra[2].cur_row = 444
rra[2].pdp_per_row = 100
rra[2].xff = 5.0000000000e-01
rra[2].cdp_prep[0].value = NaN
rra[2].cdp_prep[0].unknown_datapoints = 2
　　rrdtool {update |updatev } {filename} timestamp: :
　　#> rrdtool update test.rrd N:$RANDOM
　　#> rrdtool fetch test.rrd AVERAGE | less