在CentOS上安装Nagios ( 官方文档 )

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　　Quickstart Installation Guides, Security Considerations　　Introduction
　　This guide is intended to provide you with simple instructions on how to install Nagios from source (code) on Fedora and have it monitoring your local machine inside of 20 minutes. No advanced installation options are discussed here - just the basics that will work for 95% of users who want to get started.
　　These instructions were written based on a standard Fedora Core 6 Linux distribution.
　　What You'll End Up With
　　If you follow these instructions, here's what you'll end up with:

• Nagios and the plugins will be installed underneath /usr/local/nagios
  
• Nagios will be configured to monitor a few aspects of your local system (CPU load, disk usage, etc.)
  
• The Nagios web interface will be accessible at http://localhost/nagios/
  

　　Prerequisites
　　During portions of the installation you'll need to have root access to your machine.
　　Make sure you've installed the following packages on your Fedora installation before continuing.

• Apache
  
• PHP
  
• GCC compiler
  
• GD development libraries
  

　　You can use yum to install these packages by running the following commands (as root):
　　

　　
yum install httpd php
　　

　　
yum install gcc glibc glibc-common
　　

　　
yum install gd gd-devel
　　

　　

　　

　　1) Create Account Information
　　Become the root user.
　　

　　
su -l
　　

　　

　　

　　Create a new nagios user account and give it a password.
　　

　　
/usr/sbin/useradd -m nagios
　　

　　
passwd nagios
　　

　　

　　

　　Create a new nagcmd group for allowing external commands to be submitted through the web interface. Add both the nagios user and the apache user to the group.
　　

　　
/usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd
　　

　　
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
　　

　　
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd apache
　　

　　

　　

　　2) Download Nagios and the Plugins
　　Create a directory for storing the downloads.
　　

　　
mkdir ~/downloads
　　

　　
cd ~/downloads
　　

　　

　　

　　Download the source code tarballs of both Nagios and the Nagios plugins (visit http://www.nagios.org/download/ for links to the latest versions). These directions were tested with Nagios 3.1.1 and Nagios Plugins 1.4.11.
　　

　　
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagios/nagios-3.2.2.tar.gz
　　

　　
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagiosplug/nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz
　　

　　

　　

　　3) Compile and Install Nagios
　　Extract the Nagios source code tarball.
　　

　　
cd ~/downloads
　　

　　
tar xzf nagios-3.2.2.tar.gz
　　

　　
cd nagios-3.2.2
　　

　　

　　

　　Run the Nagios configure script, passing the name of the group you created earlier like so:
　　

　　
./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
　　

　　

　　

　　Compile the Nagios source code.
　　

　　
make all
　　

　　

　　

　　Install binaries, init script, sample config files and set permissions on the external command directory.
　　

　　
make install
　　

　　
make install-init
　　

　　
make install-config
　　

　　
make install-commandmode
　　

　　

　　

　　Don't start Nagios yet - there's still more that needs to be done...
　　4) Customize Configuration
　　Sample configuration files have now been installed in the /usr/local/nagios/etc directory. These sample files should work fine for getting started with Nagios. You'll need to make just one change before you proceed...
　　Edit the /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg config file with your favorite editor and change the email address associated with the nagiosadmin contact definition to the address you'd like to use for receiving alerts.
　　

　　
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
　　

　　

　　

　　5) Configure the Web Interface
　　Install the Nagios web config file in the Apache conf.d directory.
　　

　　
make install-webconf
　　

　　

　　

　　Create a nagiosadmin account for logging into the Nagios web interface. Remember the password you assign to this account - you'll need it later.
　　

　　
htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin
　　

　　

　　

　　Restart Apache to make the new settings take effect.
　　

　　
service httpd restart
　　

　　

　　

Note: Consider implementing the ehanced CGI security measures described here to ensure that your web authentication credentials are not compromised.

　　6) Compile and Install the Nagios Plugins
　　Extract the Nagios plugins source code tarball.
　　

　　
cd ~/downloads
　　

　　
tar xzf nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz
　　

　　
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.11
　　

　　

　　

　　Compile and install the plugins.
　　

　　
./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios
　　

　　
make
　　

　　
make install
　　

　　

　　

　　7) Start Nagios
　　Add Nagios to the list of system services and have it automatically start when the system boots.
　　

　　
chkconfig --add nagios
　　

　　
chkconfig nagios on
　　

　　

　　

　　Verify the sample Nagios configuration files.
　　

　　
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
　　

　　

　　

　　If there are no errors, start Nagios.
　　

　　
service nagios start
　　

　　

　　

　　8) Modify SELinux Settings
　　Fedora ships with SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux) installed and in Enforcing mode by default. This can result in "Internal Server Error" messages when you attempt to access the Nagios CGIs.
　　See if SELinux is in Enforcing mode.
　　

　　
getenforce
　　

　　

　　

　　Put SELinux into Permissive mode.
　　

　　
setenforce 0
　　

　　

　　

　　To make this change permanent, you'll have to modify the settings in /etc/selinux/config and reboot.
　　Instead of disabling SELinux or setting it to permissive mode, you can use the following command to run the CGIs under SELinux enforcing/targeted mode:
　　

　　
chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /usr/local/nagios/sbin/
　　

　　
chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /usr/local/nagios/share/
　　

　　

　　

　　For information on running the Nagios CGIs under Enforcing mode with a targeted policy, visit the Nagios Support Portal or Nagios Community Wiki.
　　9) Login to the Web Interface
　　You should now be able to access the Nagios web interface at the URL below. You'll be prompted for the username (nagiosadmin) and password you specified earlier.
　　

　　
http://localhost/nagios/
　　

　　

　　

　　Click on the "Service Detail" navbar link to see details of what's being monitored on your local machine. It will take a few minutes for Nagios to check all the services associated with your machine, as the checks are spread out over time.
　　10) Other Modifications
　　Make sure your machine's firewall rules are configured to allow access to the web server if you want to access the Nagios interface remotely.
　　Configuring email notifications is out of the scope of this documentation. While Nagios is currently configured to send you email notifications, your system may not yet have a mail program properly installed or configured. Refer to your system documentation, search the web, or look to the Nagios Support Portal or Nagios Community Wiki for specific instructions on configuring your system to send email messages to external addresses. More information on notifications can be found here.
　　11) You're Done
　　Congratulations! You sucessfully installed Nagios. Your journey into monitoring is just beginning. You'll no doubt want to monitor more than just your local machine, so check out the following docs...