python利用zabbix API添加监控

hongleimi

　　首先说一下坑的地方就是python2和python3的模块改变问题，当然精通python的可以略过。这个在网上百度一下吧，第二个是导入xlsx文件的时候需要xlrd模块，而这个模块最好跟着我下面的方法走，那个python2 就可以用我下边的脚本了。
　　1.安装xlrd读取Excel文件
　　1.1. 下载setuptools-38.2.4.zip，上传至zabbix服务器解压安装，下载地址：https://pypi.python.org/packages/69/56/f0f52281b5175e3d9ca8623dadbc3b684e66350ea9e0006736194b265e99/setuptools-38.2.4.zip#md5=e8e05d4f8162c9341e1089c80f742f64
　　[root@localhost temp]# ll        #上传文件setuptools-38.2.4.zip
total 724
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 736683 Dec 17 22:37 setuptools-38.2.4.zip
　　[root@localhost temp]# unzip setuptools-38.2.4.zip        #解压setuptools-38.2.4.zip
　　1.2下载pip-9.0.1.tar.gz，上传至zabbix服务器解压安装，下载地址：https://pypi.python.org/packages/11/b6/abcb525026a4be042b486df43905d6893fb04f05aac21c32c638e939e447/pip-9.0.1.tar.gz#md5=35f01da33009719497f01a4ba69d63c9
　　[root@localhost temp]# ll
total 1896
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1197370 Dec 17 22:53 pip-9.0.1.tar.gz      #上传文件pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Dec 17 22:55 setuptools-38.2.4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 736683 Dec 17 22:37 setuptools-38.2.4.zip
　　[root@localhost temp]# tar -xzvf pip-9.0.1.tar.gz               #解压pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
　　[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# python setup.py build            #编译
[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# python setup.py install          #安装
　　[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# pip install xlrd                       #安装xlrd
　　3.编辑Excel模板
　　3.1主机名、显示名、IP、主机组、模板

　　3.2将Execle表zabbix_host_add.xlsx上传至zabbix服务器
　　[root@localhost temp]# ll
total 1964
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46079 Dec 17 23:28 zabbix_host_add.xlsx
4.编写Python脚本，参考http://www.361way.com/zabbix-api-2/3681.html
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf-8
　　import json
import urllib2
from urllib2 import URLError
import sys,argparse
import xlrd
　　defaultencoding = 'utf-8'
if sys.getdefaultencoding() != defaultencoding:
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding(defaultencoding)
　　class zabbix_api:
def init(self):
self.url = 'http://zabbix服务器IP地址/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php' #修改URL
self.header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}

    def user_login(self):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "user.login",
"params": {
"user": "Admin", #web页面登录用户名
"password": "zabbix" #web页面登录密码
},
"id": 0
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "\033[041m 用户认证失败，请检查 !\033[0m", e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
#print response['result']
self.authID = response['result']
return self.authID
def host_get(self,hostName=''):
data=json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"filter":{"host":hostName}
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print 'We failed to reach a server.'
print 'Reason: ', e.reason
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
#print response
result.close()
print "主机数量: \033[31m%s\033[0m"%(len(response['result']))
for host in response['result']:     
status={"0":"OK","1":"Disabled"}
available={"0":"Unknown","1":"available","2":"Unavailable"}
#print host
if len(hostName)==0:
print "HostID : %s\t HostName : %s\t Status :\033[32m%s\033[0m \t Available :\033[31m%s\033[0m"%(host['hostid'],host['name'],status[host['status']],available[host['available']])
else:
print "HostID : %s\t HostName : %s\t Status :\033[32m%s\033[0m \t Available :\033[31m%s\033[0m"%(host['hostid'],host['name'],status[host['status']],available[host['available']])
return host['hostid']
def hostgroup_get(self, hostgroupName=''):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"hostgroup.get",
"params":{
"output": "extend",
"filter": {
"name": hostgroupName
}
},
"auth":self.user_login(),
"id":1,
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
#print result.read()
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
#print response()
for group in response['result']:
if  len(hostgroupName)==0:
print "hostgroup:  \033[31m%s\033[0m \tgroupid : %s" %(group['name'],group['groupid'])
else:
print "hostgroup:  \033[31m%s\033[0m\tgroupid : %s" %(group['name'],group['groupid'])
self.hostgroupID = group['groupid']
return group['groupid']
def template_get(self,templateName=''):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method": "template.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"filter": {
"name":templateName                                                      
}
},
"auth":self.user_login(),
"id":1,
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
#print response
for template in response['result']:               
if len(templateName)==0:
print "template : \033[31m%s\033[0m\t  id : %s" % (template['name'], template['templateid'])
else:
self.templateID = response['result'][0]['templateid']
print "Template Name :  \033[31m%s\033[0m "%templateName
return response['result'][0]['templateid']
def hostgroup_create(self,hostgroupName):
if self.hostgroup_get(hostgroupName):
print "hostgroup  \033[42m%s\033[0m is exist !"%hostgroupName
sys.exit(1)
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "hostgroup.create",
"params": {
"name": hostgroupName
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request=urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
print "\033[042m 添加主机组:%s\033[0m  hostgroupID : %s"%(hostgroupName,response['result']['groupids'])
def host_create_andy(self,hostName,visibleName, hostip, hostgroupName, templateName):
if self.host_get(hostip):
print "\033[041m该主机已经添加!\033[0m"
sys.exit(1)
group_list=[]
template_list=[]
for i in hostgroupName.split(','):
var = {}
var['groupid'] = self.hostgroup_get(i)
group_list.append(var)
for i in templateName.split(','):
var={}
var['templateid']=self.template_get(i)
template_list.append(var)
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"host.create",
"params":{
"host": hostName,
"name": visibleName,
"interfaces": [
{
"type": 2,    #1：表示IP；2表示SNMP
"main": 1,
"useip": 1,
"ip": hostip,
"dns": "",
"port": "161"  #IP端口10051；SNMP端口161
}
],
"groups": group_list,
"templates": template_list,
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id":1                  
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
print "添加主机 : \033[42m%s\031[0m \tid :\033[31m%s\033[0m" % (hostip, response['result']['hostids'])
def host_create(self, hostip, hostgroupName, templateName):
if self.host_get(hostip):
print "\033[041m该主机已经添加!\033[0m"
sys.exit(1)
group_list=[]
template_list=[]
for i in hostgroupName.split(','):
var = {}
var['groupid'] = self.hostgroup_get(i)
group_list.append(var)
for i in templateName.split(','):
var={}
var['templateid']=self.template_get(i)
template_list.append(var)
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"host.create",
"params":{
"host": hostip,
"interfaces": [
{
"type": 2,
"main": 1,
"useip": 1,
"ip": hostip,
"dns": "",
"port": "161"
}
],
"groups": group_list,
"templates": template_list,
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id":1                  
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
print "添加主机 : \033[42m%s\031[0m \tid :\033[31m%s\033[0m" % (hostip, response['result']['hostids'])
def host_disable(self,hostip):
data=json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.update",
"params": {
"hostid": self.host_get(hostip),
"status": 1
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
print '----主机现在状态------------'
print self.host_get(hostip)
def host_delete(self,hostid):
hostid_list=[]
#print type(hostid)
for i in hostid.split(','):
var = {}
var['hostid'] = self.host_get(i)
hostid_list.append(var)         
data=json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.delete",
"params": hostid_list,
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except Exception,e:
print  e
else:
result.close()
print "主机 \033[041m %s\033[0m  已经删除 !"%hostid
　　if name == "main":
zabbix=zabbix_api()
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser(description='zabbix  api ',usage='%(prog)s [options]')
parser.add_argument('-H','--host',nargs='?',dest='listhost',default='host',help='查询主机')
parser.add_argument('-G','--group',nargs='?',dest='listgroup',default='group',help='查询主机组')
parser.add_argument('-T','--template',nargs='?',dest='listtemp',default='template',help='查询模板信息')
parser.add_argument('-A','--add-group',nargs=1,dest='addgroup',help='添加主机组')
parser.add_argument('-C','--add-host',dest='addhost',nargs=3,metavar=('192.168.2.1', 'test01,test02', 'Template01,Template02'),help='添加主机,多个主机组或模板使用分号')
parser.add_argument('-d','--disable',dest='disablehost',nargs=1,metavar=('192.168.2.1'),help='禁用主机')
parser.add_argument('-L','--allin',dest='allin',nargs='?',default='allin',help='从Excel批量导入主机')
parser.add_argument('-D','--delete',dest='deletehost',nargs='+',metavar=('192.168.2.1'),help='删除主机,多个主机之间用分号')
parser.add_argument('-v','--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s 1.0')
if len(sys.argv)==1:
print parser.print_help()
else:
args=parser.parse_args()

            if args.listhost != 'host' :
if args.listhost:
zabbix.host_get(args.listhost)
else:
zabbix.host_get()
if args.listgroup !='group':
if args.listgroup:
zabbix.hostgroup_get(args.listgroup)
else:
zabbix.hostgroup_get()
if args.listtemp != 'template':
if args.listtemp:
zabbix.template_get(args.listtemp)
else:
zabbix.template_get()
if args.addgroup:
zabbix.hostgroup_create(args.addgroup[0])
if args.addhost:
zabbix.host_create(args.addhost[0], args.addhost[1], args.addhost[2])
if args.disablehost:
zabbix.host_disable(args.disablehost)
if args.deletehost:
zabbix.host_delete(args.deletehost[0])
if args.allin != 'allin':
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('zabbix_host_add.xlsx')     #Excel名
for row in xrange(workbook.sheets()[0].nrows):
hostname = workbook.sheets()[0].cell(row, 0).value
visible = workbook.sheets()[0].cell(row, 1).value
hostip = workbook.sheets()[0].cell(row, 2).value
hostgroup = workbook.sheets()[0].cell(row, 3).value
hosttemp = workbook.sheets()[0].cell(row, 4).value
zabbix.host_create_andy(hostname,visible,hostip,hostgroup, hosttemp)
　　上面红色标注，请根据实际情况修改。
　　上传Python脚本zabbix_host.py至zabbix服务器
　　[root@localhost temp]# ll
total 1964
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14644 Dec 17 23:28 zabbix_host.py
　　[root@localhost temp]# chown zabbix:zabbix zabbix_host.py  #修改属组属主
[root@localhost temp]# chmod +x zabbix_host.py           #添加执行权限
　　执行脚本：python  zabbix_host.py

　　每个参数都有详细的说明
　　大家不妨执行玩一玩。
我们用导入的xlsx文件这样用： python  zabbix_host.py -L zabbix_host_add.xlsx
显示如下结果 证明添加成功：

然后去web上看看吧，这就是zabbix API简单应用。