ELK之ElasticSearch 6.4.x安全认证Search Guard6

gaojinguan

　　ELK的安装非常简单，解压稍加配置即能用。
　　今天的重点是记录ELK的安全认证，ELK安装好后，ElasticSearch是可以直接浏览访问的，非常不安全，Kibana也是一样直接访问web界面无需密码。
　　这里使用的是开源免费社区版：Search Guard 6插件来做安全认证。

• 软件版本与环境
  

　　ElasticSearch集群3台
10.1.1.195         elasticsearch  logstash
10.1.1.196         elasticsearch
10.1.1.197         elasticsearch  kibana
　　ELK版本：
elasticsearch-6.4.0
logstash-6.4.0
kibana-6.4.0
JDK1.8
　　下载地址：https://www.elastic.co/downloads
E：https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.4.0.tar.gz
L：https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.4.0.zip
K：https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
　　JDK1.8：https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
　　Search Guard版本必须要和elasticsearch，kibana版本对应 :https://docs.search-guard.com/latest/search-guard-versions
Search Guard 6-6.4.0
elasticsearch安装的Search Guard版本：search-guard-6-6.4.0-23.1
https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/repositories/releases/content/com/floragunn/search-guard-6/6.4.0-23.1/search-guard-6-6.4.0-23.1.zip
kibana安装的Search Guard版本：search-guard-kibana-plugin-6.4.0-15
https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/repositories/releases/content/com/floragunn/search-guard-kibana-plugin/6.4.0-15/search-guard-kibana-plugin-6.4.0-15.zip

• 在线生成Search Guard证书
  Search Guard需要证书才可以，生成证书有两种方式，一个是人工手动生成，这个复杂麻烦，另一种就是官网提供了在线生成，这里使用了后面一种在线生成
  官网在线生成证书连接：https://search-guard.com/tls-certificate-generator/
  
  Email用来接收密钥，
  Organization Name可以随便填写，
  Hostname填写ElasticSearch集群中每个节点的node name，这是一一对应的，这里我有三个节点，
  node name为填节点IP
  

　　将邮箱中收到的密钥文件上传至服务器/tmp路径，再解压，会得到search-guard-certificates文件夹。
结构如下：

# tree /tmp/search-guard-certificates
/tmp/search-guard-certificates
├── chain-ca.pem
├── client-certificates
│   ├── CN=demouser.all.pem
│   ├── CN=demouser.crtfull.pem
│   ├── CN=demouser.crt.pem
│   ├── CN=demouser.csr
│   ├── CN=demouser.key.pem
│   ├── CN=demouser.key.pkcs12
│   ├── CN=demouser-keystore.jks
│   ├── CN=demouser-keystore.p12
│   ├── CN=demouser-signed.pem
│   ├── CN=sgadmin.all.pem
│   ├── CN=sgadmin.crtfull.pem
│   ├── CN=sgadmin.crt.pem
│   ├── CN=sgadmin.csr
│   ├── CN=sgadmin.key.pem
│   ├── CN=sgadmin.key.pkcs12
│   ├── CN=sgadmin-keystore.jks
│   ├── CN=sgadmin-keystore.p12
│   └── CN=sgadmin-signed.pem
├── node-certificates
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.195.crtfull.pem
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.195.csr
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.195.key.pem
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.195.key.pkcs12
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.195-keystore.jks
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.195-keystore.p12
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.195-signed.pem
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.196.crtfull.pem
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.196.csr
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.196.key.pem
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.196.key.pkcs12
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.196-keystore.jks
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.196-keystore.p12
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.196-signed.pem
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.197.crtfull.pem
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.197.csr
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.197.key.pem
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.197.key.pkcs12
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.197-keystore.jks
│   ├── CN=IP-10.1.1.197-keystore.p12
│   └── CN=IP-10.1.1.197-signed.pem
├── README.txt
├── root-ca
│   ├── root-ca.crt
│   ├── root-ca.key
│   └── root-ca.pem
├── root-ca.pem
├── signing-ca
│   ├── signing-ca.crt
│   ├── signing-ca.key
│   └── signing-ca.pem
├── truststore.jks
└── truststore.p12
4 directories, 50 files

• 安装配置search集群和Search Guard插件
  将前面下载的elasticsearch-6.4.0.tar.gz，和search-guard-6-6.4.0-23.1.zip上传至服务器/tmp目录
  

　　1）先安装elasticsearch

# tar zxvf elasticsearch-6.4.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local
# cd /usr/local/
# mv elasticsearch-6.4.0  ./elasticsearch
　　2）安装search-guard插件
官方提供的文档：https://docs.search-guard.com/latest/search-guard-installation

# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch
# ./bin/elasticsearch-plugin install -b file:///tmp/search-guard-6-6.4.0-23.1.zip
-> Downloading com.floragunn:search-guard-6:6.4.0-23.0 from maven central
[=================================================] 100%
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@     WARNING: plugin requires additional permissions     @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
* java.io.FilePermission /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn read
* java.lang.RuntimePermission accessClassInPackage.com.sun.jndi.ldap
* java.lang.RuntimePermission accessClassInPackage.sun.misc
* java.lang.RuntimePermission accessClassInPackage.sun.nio.ch
* java.lang.RuntimePermission accessClassInPackage.sun.security.x509
* java.lang.RuntimePermission accessDeclaredMembers
* java.lang.RuntimePermission accessUserInformation
* java.lang.RuntimePermission getClassLoader
* java.lang.RuntimePermission setContextClassLoader
* java.lang.RuntimePermission shutdownHooks
* java.lang.reflect.ReflectPermission suppressAccessChecks
* java.net.NetPermission getNetworkInformation
* java.net.NetPermission getProxySelector
* java.net.SocketPermission * connect,accept,resolve
* java.security.SecurityPermission getProperty.ssl.KeyManagerFactory.algorithm
* java.security.SecurityPermission insertProvider.BC
* java.security.SecurityPermission org.apache.xml.security.register
* java.security.SecurityPermission putProviderProperty.BC
* java.security.SecurityPermission setProperty.ocsp.enable
* java.util.PropertyPermission * read,write
* java.util.PropertyPermission org.apache.xml.security.ignoreLineBreaks write
* javax.security.auth.AuthPermission doAs
* javax.security.auth.AuthPermission modifyPrivateCredentials
* javax.security.auth.kerberos.ServicePermission * accept
See http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/permissions.html
for descriptions of what these permissions allow and the associated risks.
-> Installed search-guard-6
　　3）将search-guard语言配置在elasticsearch.yml

# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch
--将第2步解压的证书文件夹/tmp/search-guard-certificates 复制到/usr/local/elasticsearch/config目录下
# cp -ar /tmp/search-guard-certificates  /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/key
--配置elasticsearch.yml
# egrep -v "^#|^$" ./config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: CLU-ELK                      --集群名称
node.name: 10.1.1.195                       --节点名称
path.data: /data/elasticsearch/data     --数据存放路径
path.logs: /data/elasticsearch/logs      --日志存放路径
network.host: 0.0.0.0                           --监听ip
http.port: 9200                                     --监听端口
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["10.1.1.195", "10.1.1.196", "10.1.1.197"]             --集群节点
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2                                                                 --最多几个有效节点
bootstrap.system_call_filter: false
searchguard.ssl.transport.pemcert_filepath: key/node-certificates/CN=IP-10.1.1.195.crtfull.pem   --search-guard节点证书，不同的节点填写成对应的证书
searchguard.ssl.transport.pemkey_filepath: key/node-certificates/CN=IP-10.1.1.195.key.pem       --search-guard节点key
searchguard.ssl.transport.pemkey_password: 701159a9c1a77ffd008d                                           --该密钥可在解压的证书文件夹下的README.txt里可查到
searchguard.ssl.transport.pemtrustedcas_filepath: key/chain-ca.pem
searchguard.ssl.transport.enforce_hostname_verification: false
searchguard.ssl.http.enabled: true
searchguard.ssl.http.pemcert_filepath: key/node-certificates/CN=IP-10.1.1..195.crtfull.pem
searchguard.ssl.http.pemkey_filepath: key/node-certificates/CN=IP-10.1.1..195.key.pem
searchguard.ssl.http.pemkey_password: 701159a9c1a77ffd008d
searchguard.ssl.http.pemtrustedcas_filepath: key/chain-ca.pem
searchguard.authcz.admin_dn:
- CN=sgadmin
searchguard.audit.type: internal_elasticsearch
searchguard.enable_snapshot_restore_privilege: true
searchguard.check_snapshot_restore_write_privileges: true
searchguard.restapi.roles_enabled: ["sg_all_access"]
cluster.routing.allocation.disk.threshold_enabled: false
node.max_local_storage_nodes: 3
xpack.security.enabled: false

　　备：上面pemkey_password属性可以在下载的密钥包中README.txt文件中查看到

# tail -30 /usr/local/elasticsearch/key/README.txt
## Passwords
### Common passwords
Root CA password: fbb188de616ae59b17b424c4339b8333f0bdd8b6
Truststore password: 88e0e8b9fe8029ef7e07
Admin keystore and private key password: 00fb1075cf84c333f1cc
Demouser keystore and private key password: 4682ae98bd089f0be252
## Host/Node specific passwords
Host: 10.1.1.195
10.1.1.195 keystore and private key password: 43ccf85767e1232f6336        --每个节点的密钥
10.1.1.195 keystore: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.195-keystore.jks
10.1.1.195 PEM certificate: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.195.crtfull.pem
10.1.1.195 PEM private key: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.195.key.pem
Host: 10.1.1.196
10.1.1.196 keystore and private key password: 712aae762adca2b981eb
10.1.1.196 keystore: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.196-keystore.jks
10.1.1.196 PEM certificate: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.196.crtfull.pem
10.1.1.196 PEM private key: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.196.key.pem
Host: 10.1.1.197
10.1.1.197 keystore and private key password: 701159a9c1a77ffd008d
10.1.1.197 keystore: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.197-keystore.jks
10.1.1.197 PEM certificate: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.197.crtfull.pem
10.1.1.197 PEM private key: node-certificates/CN=10.88.6.197.key.pem
　　至此配置完成
接下来创建普通用户并启动elasticsearch

# useradd elk
# echo elk123 | passwd --stdin  elk
# chown elk:elk -R /usr/local/elasticsearch
　　启动elasticsearch，如果没有报错，就继续往下走，如果报错，则仔细检查每一步。

• 设置权限因子
  将sgadmin客户端证书密钥复制到插件目录下
  # cd /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/key
  # cp root-ca.pem chain-ca.pem  client-certificates/CN\=sgadmin.key.pem  client-certificates/CN\=sgadmin.crtfull.pem  ../../plugins/search-guard-6/tools
  # chmod 744 sgadmin.sh
  # ./sgadmin.sh -cacert root-ca.pem -cert CN=sgadmin.crtfull.pem -key CN=sgadmin.key.pem -keypass 00fb1075cf84c333f1cc -nhnv -icl -cd ../sgconfig/
  -nhnv -icl -cd ../sgconfig/
  Search Guard Admin v6
  Will connect to localhost:9300 ... done
  Elasticsearch Version: 6.4.0
  Search Guard Version: 6.4.0-23.1
  Connected as CN=sgadmin
  Contacting elasticsearch cluster 'elasticsearch' and wait for YELLOW clusterstate ...
  Clustername: GHS-ELK
  Clusterstate: GREEN
  Number of nodes: 3
  Number of data nodes: 3
  searchguard index already exists, so we do not need to create one.
  Populate config from /usr/local/elasticsearch/plugins/search-guard-6/sgconfig
  Will update 'sg/config' with ../sgconfig/sg_config.yml
  SUCC: Configuration for 'config' created or updated
  Will update 'sg/roles' with ../sgconfig/sg_roles.yml
  SUCC: Configuration for 'roles' created or updated
  Will update 'sg/rolesmapping' with ../sgconfig/sg_roles_mapping.yml
  SUCC: Configuration for 'rolesmapping' created or updated
  Will update 'sg/internalusers' with ../sgconfig/sg_internal_users.yml
  SUCC: Configuration for 'internalusers' created or updated
  Will update 'sg/actiongroups' with ../sgconfig/sg_action_groups.yml
  SUCC: Configuration for 'actiongroups' created or updated
  Done with success
  

　　备：权限因子执行命令，在下载的key证书目录下的README.txt里可以找到
　　浏览器书打开验证是否生效https://admin:admin@10.1.1.195:9200

ip  heap.percent ram.percent cpu load_1m load_5m load_15m node.role master name
10.1.1.197           37          14   0    0.51    0.23     0.23 mdi       -      10.1.1.197
10.1.1.196           29          10   0    0.14    0.09     0.12 mdi       *      10.1.1.196
10.1.1.195           33          16   5    0.19    0.30     0.31 mdi       -      10.1.1.195
　　如看到此结果说明账户配置成功，其admin:admin是默认管理账户。关于帐号，会在后面配置kibana章节说到
　　这是第一章节，讲elasticsearch 6.4.0 部署search-guard 6的方法
　　下一章节讲logstash 配置search-guard 6的方法，以级认证的方法