FastDFS 的安装与配置

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FastDFS 的安装与配置

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　　概述：
　　

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FastDFS介绍

1.简介

★介绍

• 开源的轻量级分布式文件系统；
  
• 使用 C++语言编写
  
• FastDFS是一个开源的分布式文件系统，她对文件进行管理，功能包括：文件存储、文件同步、文件访问（文件上传、文件下载）等，解决了大容量存储和负载均衡的问题。特别适合以文件为载体的在线服务，如相册网站、视频网站等等。
  
  

2.FastDFS 组件

★三个角色：

• tracker、storage server、client
  

☉tracker server：

• 跟踪服务器，调度，在访问中起负载均衡的作用；
  
• 在内存中记录所有存储组和存储服务器的状态信息；
  
  

☉storage server：

• 存储服务器，文件（data）和文件属性（metadata）；
  
• 存储节点存储文件，完成文件管理的所有功能：存储、同步和提供存取接口，FastDFS同时对文件的meta data进行管理。所谓文件的meta data就是文件的相关属性，以键值对（key value pair）方式表示，如：width=1024，其中的key为width，value为1024。文件meta data是文件属性列表，可以包含多个键值对。
  
  

☉client：

• 客户端，业务请求发起方，通过专用接口基于TCP协议与tracker以及storage server进行交互；
  

附图：

3.FastDFS的实现机制和工作原理：

★实现机制

• 跟踪器和存储节点都可以由一台多台服务器构成。跟踪器和存储节点中的服务器均可以随时增加或下线而不会影响线上服务。其中跟踪器中的所有服务器都是对等的，可以根据服务器的压力情况随时增加或减少。
  
• 为了支持大容量，存储节点（服务器）采用了分卷（或分组）的组织方式。存储系统由一个或多个卷组成，卷与卷之间的文件是相互独立的，所有卷 的文件容量累加就是整个存储系统中的文件容量。一个卷可以由一台或多台存储服务器组成，一个卷下的存储服务器中的文件都是相同的，卷中的多台存储服务器起 到了冗余备份和负载均衡的作用。
  
• 在卷中增加服务器时，同步已有的文件由系统自动完成，同步完成后，系统自动将新增服务器切换到线上提供服务。
  
• 当存储空间不足或即将耗尽时，可以动态添加卷。只需要增加一台或多台服务器，并将它们配置为一个新的卷，这样就扩大了存储系统的容量。
  

☉FastDFS中的文件标识分为两个部分：

• 卷名和文件名，二者缺一不可。
  

☉上传文件交互过程：
  1. client询问tracker上传到的storage，不需要附加参数；
  2. tracker返回一台可用的storage；
  3. client直接和storage通讯完成文件上传。


☉下载文件交互过程：
1. client询问tracker下载文件的storage，参数为文件标识（卷名和文件名）；
2. tracker返回一台可用的storage；
3. client直接和storage通讯完成文件下载。

4.fid（文件的存储方式）：

★group_name/M##/&&/&&/file_name
☉group_name：

• 存储组的组名；上传完成后，需要客户端自行保存；
  

☉M##：

• 服务器配置的虚拟路径，与磁盘选项store_path#对应；
  

☉两级以两位16进制数字命名的目录：
☉文件名：

• 与原文件名并不相同；由storage server根据特定信息生成；
  
• 文件名包含：源存储服务器的IP地址、文件创建时间戳、文件大小、随机数和文件扩展名等；
  

附图：

FastDFS安装和配置

1.安装

★官方站点

• https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs
  

★安装：

☉使用 git clone 方法将所需要的源码克隆到本地；

• yum install git -y
  
• git clone https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs
  
• git clone https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon.git  （被依赖的通用库）
  
  

　　演示：将下载的源码包制作成rpm包，方便下次安装使用，制作过程如下：
　　1.首先获取相应的版本信息后，将源码包打包成 .tar.gz 的格式
# 这是使用git 克隆后的源码包
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# ls
fastdfs  libfastcommon
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# ls fastdfs-5.0.10
client  common  conf  COPYING-3_0.txt  fastdfs.spec  HISTORY  init.d  INSTALL  make.sh  php_client  README.md  restart.sh  stop.sh  storage  test  tracker
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# ls libfastcommon-1.0.36
doc  HISTORY  INSTALL  libfastcommon.spec  make.sh  php-fastcommon  README  src
# 后去相应的版本号 然后打包成 .tar.gz 格式
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# mv libfastcommon libfastcommon-master-1.0.36
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# tar zcf libfastcommon-1.0.36.tar.gz libfastcommon-1.0.36/*
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# mv fastdfs fastdfs-5.0.10
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# tar zcf fastdfs-5.0.10.tar.gz fastdfs-5.0.10/*
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# ls
fastdfs-5.0.10  fastdfs-5.0.10.tar.gz  libfastcommon-1.0.36  libfastcommon-1.0.36.tar.gz　　2.在root目录下创建 rpmbuild 目录下的 SOURCES和SPESC 目录，并将源码包放在SOURCES目录下，将源码包中的以 .spec 结尾的放在 SPESC目录下
[root@centos7~]# mkdir rpmbuild/{SOURCES,SPECS} -pv
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/SOURCES’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/SPESC’
[root@centos7 ~]# cp /FastDFS/libfastcommon-1.0.36.tar.gz /root/rpmbuild/SOURCES/
[root@centos7 ~]# cp /FastDFS/libfastcommon-1.0.36/libfastcommon.spec /root/rpmbuild/SPECS/
[root@centos7~]# cp /FastDFS/fastdfs-5.0.10.tar.gz /root/rpmbuild/SOURCES/
[root@centos7~]# cp /FastDFS/fastdfs-5.0.10/fastdfs.spec /root/rpmbuild/SPECS/　　3. 执行rpmbuild -bb 命令，先制作libfastcommon的rpm包，并安装，因为fastdfs依赖此包
[root@centos7 SPECS]# pwd
/root/rpmbuild/SPECS
[root@centos7 SPECS]# rpmbuild -ba libfastcommon.spec

[root@centos7 rpmbuild]# ls
BUILD  BUILDROOT  RPMS  SOURCES  SPECS  SRPMS
# 制作好的 rpm 包如下：
[root@centos7 rpmbuild]# ll RPMS/x86_64/
total 420
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  99236 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290120 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-debuginfo-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  34424 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-devel-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos7 rpmbuild]# ll SRPMS/
total 428
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 437253 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.src.rpm
# 安装 libfastcommon 包
[root@centos7 SPECS]# yum install RPMS/x86_64/libfastcommon-devel-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos7 SPECS]# yum install RPMS/x86_64/libfastcommon-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
#=====================================================================================
同样方法制作 fastab 的rpm 包
[root@centos7 SPECS]# rpmbuild -ba fastdfs.spec
# 制作的 rpm 包如下：
[root@centos7 rpmbuild]# ll RPMS/x86_64/
total 1476
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1888 Mar 23 21:52 fastdfs-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 716396 Mar 23 21:52 fastdfs-debuginfo-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 169296 Mar 23 21:52 fastdfs-server-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129872 Mar 23 21:52 fastdfs-tool-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  99236 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290120 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-debuginfo-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  34424 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-devel-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  36080 Mar 23 21:52 libfdfsclient-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  18216 Mar 23 21:52 libfdfsclient-devel-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
# 安装fastdfs相关的rpm包即可　　4. 完整的与fastdfs相关的rpm包如下：
[root@centos7 FastDFS]# ll rpm/
total 492
# fastdfs 依赖到的包
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  99236 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  34424 Mar 23 21:40 libfastcommon-devel-1.0.36-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
# fastdfs 相关的包
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1888 Mar 23 21:52 fastdfs-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 169296 Mar 23 21:52 fastdfs-server-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129872 Mar 23 21:52 fastdfs-tool-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
# 客户端相关的包
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  36080 Mar 23 21:52 libfdfsclient-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  18216 Mar 23 21:52 libfdfsclient-devel-5.0.10-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm2.程序环境及配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ql fastdfs-server
/etc/fdfs/storage.conf.sample      # storaged  配置文件实例
/etc/fdfs/storage_ids.conf.sample
/etc/fdfs/tracker.conf.sample      # tracker 配置文件实例
/etc/init.d/fdfs_storaged          # 服务脚本
/etc/init.d/fdfs_trackerd
/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged             # storaged  主程序文件
/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd             # tracker 主程序文件
/usr/bin/restart.sh                # 服务启动和停止的命令
/usr/bin/stop.sh
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ql fastdfs-tool
/usr/bin/fdfs_append_file
/usr/bin/fdfs_appender_test
/usr/bin/fdfs_appender_test1
/usr/bin/fdfs_crc32
/usr/bin/fdfs_delete_file
/usr/bin/fdfs_download_file
/usr/bin/fdfs_file_info
/usr/bin/fdfs_monitor
/usr/bin/fdfs_test
/usr/bin/fdfs_test1
/usr/bin/fdfs_upload_appender
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ql libfdfsclient
/etc/fdfs/client.conf.sample
/usr/lib/libfdfsclient.so
/usr/lib64/libfdfsclient.so　　tracker 配置启动（node1节点：192.168.1.112）
　　1.tracker 配置文件修改如下：
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /etc/fdfs/
[root@centos7 fdfs]# ls
client.conf.sample  storage.conf.sample  storage_ids.conf.sample  tracker.conf.sample
[root@centos7 fdfs]# cp tracker.conf.sample tracker.conf
[root@centos7 fdfs]# vim tracker.conf
# is this config file disabled
# false for enabled
# true for disabled
disabled=false
# bind an address of this host
# empty for bind all addresses of this host
bind_addr=
# the tracker server port
port=22122
# connect timeout in seconds
# default value is 30s
connect_timeout=30
# network timeout in seconds
# default value is 30s
network_timeout=60
# the base path to store data and log files
base_path=/data/fdfs/tracker       # 修改为自己需要的位置
# max concurrent connections this server supported
max_connections=256
# accept thread count
# default value is 1
# since V4.07
accept_threads=1
# work thread count, should = this bytes
# default value is 0 (never call fsync)
fsync_after_written_bytes=0
# sync log buff to disk every interval seconds
# must > 0, default value is 10 seconds
sync_log_buff_interval=10
# sync binlog buff / cache to disk every interval seconds
# default value is 60 seconds
sync_binlog_buff_interval=10
# sync storage stat info to disk every interval seconds
# default value is 300 seconds
sync_stat_file_interval=300
# thread stack size, should >= 512KB
# default value is 512KB
thread_stack_size=512KB
# the priority as a source server for uploading file.
# the lower this value, the higher its uploading priority.
# default value is 10
upload_priority=10
# the NIC alias prefix, such as eth in Linux, you can see it by ifconfig -a
# multi aliases split by comma. empty value means auto set by OS type
# default values is empty
if_alias_prefix=
# if check file duplicate, when set to true, use FastDHT to store file indexes
# 1 or yes: need check
# 0 or no: do not check
# default value is 0
check_file_duplicate=0
# file signature method for check file duplicate
## hash: four 32 bits hash code
## md5: MD5 signature
# default value is hash
# since V4.01
file_signature_method=hash
# namespace for storing file indexes (key-value pairs)
# this item must be set when check_file_duplicate is true / on
key_namespace=FastDFS
# set keep_alive to 1 to enable persistent connection with FastDHT servers
# default value is 0 (short connection)
keep_alive=0
# you can use "#include filename" (not include double quotes) directive to
# load FastDHT server list, when the filename is a relative path such as
# pure filename, the base path is the base path of current/this config file.
# must set FastDHT server list when check_file_duplicate is true / on
# please see INSTALL of FastDHT for detail
##include /home/yuqing/fastdht/conf/fdht_servers.conf
# if log to access log
# default value is false
# since V4.00
use_access_log = false
# if rotate the access log every day
# default value is false
# since V4.00
rotate_access_log = false
# rotate access log time base, time format: Hour:Minute
# Hour from 0 to 23, Minute from 0 to 59
# default value is 00:00
# since V4.00
access_log_rotate_time=00:00
# if rotate the error log every day
# default value is false
# since V4.02
rotate_error_log = false
# rotate error log time base, time format: Hour:Minute
# Hour from 0 to 23, Minute from 0 to 59
# default value is 00:00
# since V4.02
error_log_rotate_time=00:00
# rotate access log when the log file exceeds this size
# 0 means never rotates log file by log file size
# default value is 0
# since V4.02
rotate_access_log_size = 0
# rotate error log when the log file exceeds this size
# 0 means never rotates log file by log file size
# default value is 0
# since V4.02
rotate_error_log_size = 0
# keep days of the log files
# 0 means do not delete old log files
# default value is 0
log_file_keep_days = 0
# if skip the invalid record when sync file
# default value is false
# since V4.02
file_sync_skip_invalid_record=false
# if use connection pool
# default value is false
# since V4.05
use_connection_pool = false
# connections whose the idle time exceeds this time will be closed
# unit: second
# default value is 3600
# since V4.05
connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
# use the ip address of this storage server if domain_name is empty,
# else this domain name will ocur in the url redirected by the tracker server
http.domain_name=
# the port of the web server on this storage server
http.server_port=8080    # 监听的端口要和 tracker 中的相同　　2.创建相应的目录文件
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -pv /data/fdfs/storage/0
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/fdfs’
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/fdfs/storage’
mkdir: created directory ‘/data/fdfs/storage/0’　　3.启动 storage 服务，并查看监听端口 23000
[root@centos7 ~]# service fdfs_storaged start
Starting fdfs_storaged (via systemctl):                    [  OK  ]
[root@centos7 ~]# ss -tnlp |grep "fdfs"
LISTEN     0      128          *:23000                    *:*                   users:(("fdfs_storaged",pid=1926,fd=5))　　如上 storage 节点就已经配置完成。。。
　　
　　配置 client （在node3 节点上）

[root@centos7 fdfs]# cp client.conf.sample client.conf
[root@centos7 fdfs]# vim client.conf
[root@centos7 fdfs]# cat client.conf
# connect timeout in seconds
# default value is 30s
connect_timeout=30
# network timeout in seconds
# default value is 30s
network_timeout=60
# the base path to store log files
base_path=/data/fdfs/storage      # 日志文件的保存位置，这里我保存在和storage相同的目录下
# tracker_server can ocur more than once, and tracker_server format is
#  "host:port", host can be hostname or ip address
tracker_server=192.168.1.112:22122  # 连接 tracker 的地址和端口
#standard log level as syslog, case insensitive, value list:
### emerg for emergency
### alert
### crit for critical
### error
### warn for warning
### notice
### info
### debug
log_level=info
# if use connection pool
# default value is false
# since V4.05
use_connection_pool = false
# connections whose the idle time exceeds this time will be closed
# unit: second
# default value is 3600
# since V4.05
connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
# if load FastDFS parameters from tracker server
# since V4.05
# default value is false
load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker=false
# if use storage ID instead of IP address
# same as tracker.conf
# valid only when load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker is false
# default value is false
# since V4.05
use_storage_id = false
# specify storage ids filename, can use relative or absolute path
# same as tracker.conf
# valid only when load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker is false
# since V4.05
storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf

#HTTP settings
http.tracker_server_port=80
#use "#include" directive to include HTTP other settiongs
##include http.conf　　1.使用 fdfs_monitor 工具可以监控 tracker 和各 storage 节点的状态，如下：
[root@centos7 fdfs]# fdfs_monitor client.conf
[2017-03-23 23:36:04] DEBUG - base_path=/data/fdfs/storage, connect_timeout=30, network_timeout=60, tracker_server_count=1, anti_steal_token=0, anti_steal_secret_key length=0, use_connection_pool=0, g_connection_pool_max_idle_time=3600s, use_storage_id=0, storage server id count: 0
server_count=1, server_index=0
tracker server is 192.168.1.112:22122
group count: 1
Group 1:
group name = group1
disk total space = 40940 MB
disk free space = 39952 MB
trunk free space = 0 MB
storage server count = 2
active server count = 2
storage server port = 23000
storage HTTP port = 8080
store path count = 1
subdir count per path = 256
current write server index = 0
current trunk file id = 0
Storage 1:
id = 192.168.1.113
ip_addr = 192.168.1.113 (node2.taotao.com)  ACTIVE
http domain =
version = 5.10
join time = 2017-03-23 23:11:26
up time = 2017-03-23 23:11:26
total storage = 40940 MB
free storage = 40521 MB
upload priority = 10
store_path_count = 1
subdir_count_per_path = 256
storage_port = 23000
storage_http_port = 8080
current_write_path = 0
source storage id =
if_trunk_server = 0
connection.alloc_count = 256
connection.current_count = 1
connection.max_count = 1
total_upload_count = 0
success_upload_count = 0
total_append_count = 0
total_file_write_count = 0
success_file_write_count = 0
last_heart_beat_time = 2017-03-23 23:35:59
last_source_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
last_sync_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
last_synced_timestamp = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
Storage 2:
id = 192.168.1.114
ip_addr = 192.168.1.114 (node3.taotao.com)  ACTIVE
http domain =
version = 5.10
join time = 2017-03-23 23:15:37
up time = 2017-03-23 23:15:37
total storage = 40940 MB
free storage = 39952 MB
upload priority = 10
store_path_count = 1
subdir_count_per_path = 256
storage_port = 23000
storage_http_port = 8080
current_write_path = 0
source storage id = 192.168.1.113
if_trunk_server = 0
connection.alloc_count = 256
total_file_open_count = 0
success_file_open_count = 0
total_file_read_count = 0
success_file_read_count = 0
total_file_write_count = 0
success_file_write_count = 0
last_heart_beat_time = 2017-03-23 23:35:41
last_source_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
last_sync_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
last_synced_timestamp = 1970-01-01 08:00:00　　测试：
　　上传文件
# 指明配置文件和要上传的文件
[root@centos7 fdfs]# fdfs_upload_file -h
Usage: fdfs_upload_file   [storage_ip:port] [store_path_index]
[root@centos7 fdfs]# fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf /etc/fstab
group1/M00/00/00/wKgBcVjT7QSAYAiFAAACU3UXaYE5252654  # 文件路径　　查看上传文件信息
[root@centos7 fdfs]# fdfs_file_info -h
Usage: fdfs_file_info  
[root@centos7 fdfs]# fdfs_file_info /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBcVjT7QSAYAiFAAACU3UXaYE5252654
source storage id: 0
source ip address: 192.168.1.113             # 存储的位置
file create timestamp: 2017-03-23 23:43:00   # 时间戳
file size: 595                               # 大小
file crc32: 1964468609 (0x75176981)          # 校验码　　下载文件
[root@centos7 fdfs]# fdfs_download_file -h
Usage: fdfs_download_file   [local_filename] [ ]
[root@centos7 fdfs]# fdfs_download_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgBcVjT7QSAYAiFAAACU3UXaYE5252654 /tmp/fstab
[root@centos7 fdfs]# cat /tmp/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Aug 30 09:45:37 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=90880561-dca2-447b-a935-4c47e1bd03d8 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=219cc6c3-bd54-4bac-a47f-b498c491107f /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=409f2fa0-f642-4cc2-9ed7-b20bda111d8d /usr                    xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=af279379-acbd-47f5-a814-870666bdd6d1 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0