一、创建DNS主服务器 1、安装bind并配置主配置文件
主服务器为CentOS 7,主服务地址为172.16.11.55
安装bind
[root@xinfeng ~]# yum install bind安装完成后查看是否存在/var/named/named.ca
这个文件包含了互联网上根服务器对应的名字和地址
备份一下/etc/named.conf
配置主配置文件/etc/named.conf
[root@xinfeng named]# vim /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
listen-on port 53 { 172.16.11.55; 127.0.0.1; };
#这里要加入对外监听53端口的主机地址
// listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
#注释掉ipv6的设置
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
#将这里改为any,表示服务器允许所有地址来查询
/*
- If you are building an AUTHORITATIVE DNS server, do NOT enable recursion.
- If you are building a RECURSIVE (caching) DNS server, you need to enable
recursion.
- If your recursive DNS server has a public IP address, you MUST enable access
control to limit queries to your legitimate users. Failing to do so will
cause your server to become part of large scale DNS amplification
attacks. Implementing BCP38 within your network would greatly
reduce such attack surface
*/
recursion yes;
#这里为yes表示允许递归查询
// dnssec-enable yes;
// dnssec-validation yes;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
// bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
// managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
#从dnssec开始到此全部注释掉
pid-file "/run/named/named.pid";
session-keyfile "/run/named/session.key";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";改完之后重启服务,查看53号端口是否对外监听
[root@xinfeng named]# systemctl restart named.service
[root@xinfeng named]# ss -tunl | grep 53
udp UNCONN 0 0 172.16.11.55:53 *:*
udp UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 10 172.16.11.55:53 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 10 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:953 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 ::1:953 :::*
#可以看到已经监听到53号端口上了在主配置文件中定义区域,编辑/etc/named.rfc1912.zones
[root@xinfeng named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
// and http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsop-default-local-zones-02.txt
// (c)2007 R W Franks
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {
type master;
file "named.localhost";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "named.localhost";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.loopback";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.loopback";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.empty";
allow-update { none; };
};
#在最后增加了一个区域叫xinfeng.com
zone "xinfeng.com" IN {
#type是服务器类型,master表示为主服务器
type master;
#file是区域解析库文件的名称,这个文件放在/var/named/下
file "xinfeng.com.zone";
};2、配置正向区域解析,并用dig测试
编辑完后保存,然后到/var/named/下面去创建一个xinfeng.com.zone的文件
[root@xinfeng named]# vim xinfeng.com.zone
$TTL 86400
#TTL表示客户端得到结果后的可缓存时长,单位是秒,这里是1天,可从全局继承
$ORIGIN xinfeng.com.
#ORIGIN定义为xinfeng.com.【注意最后有一个点】,这里定义之后,就可用后面@代替xinfeng.com.
@ IN SOA ns1.xinfeng.com. admin.xinfeng.com. (
#SOA表示起始授权纪录,之后跟上当前区域主DNS的名称,然后跟上当前主区域的管理员邮箱,邮箱中的@用.替换
2016041718
#2016041718表示序列号,编辑一次此文件就必须手动加1
1H
#1H表示刷新时间为1消失
5M
#5M表示重试时间为5分钟
7D
#7D表示过期时间为7天,也可以写成1W
1D )
#1D表示否定答案的时间为1天
IN NS ns1
#NS专用于表示当前区域的DNS服务器,之后必须跟一个A纪录
ns1 IN A 172.16.11.55
#A表示ipv4正向解析,ipv6为AAAA,这里解析ns1.xinfeng.com到172.16.11.55
www IN A 172.16.11.55
#这里解析www.xinfeng.com到172.16.11.55
ftp IN CNAME www
#CNAME表示别名,这里解析ftp.xinfeng.com到www.xinfeng.com,最终解析到172.16.11.55保存之后用named-check来检查主配置文件和区域解析文件是否有语法错误
[root@xinfeng named]# named-checkconf
[root@xinfeng named]# named-checkzone "xinfeng.com" /var/named/xinfeng.com.zone
zone xinfeng.com/IN: loaded serial 2016041718
OKOK表示没有语法错误
之后一定要记得改变文件/var/named/xinfeng.com.zone的属组为named,并改变权限为640
[root@xinfeng named]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 190 4月 14 02:42 xinfeng.com.zone
[root@xinfeng named]# chown :named xinfeng.com.zone
[root@xinfeng named]# chmod 640 xinfeng.com.zone
[root@xinfeng named]# ll
-rw-r-----. 1 root named 190 4月 14 02:42 xinfeng.com.zone然后重启named服务
[root@xinfeng named]# systemctl restart named.service安装dig测试,dig在bind-utils包内
[root@xinfeng named]# yum install bind-utils
[root@xinfeng named]# dig -t A xinfeng.com @172.16.11.55
; DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7_2.3 -t A xinfeng.com @172.16.11.55
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADERHEADERHEADERHEADERHEADERHEADER