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镜像操作
镜像（image）是Docker三大核心概念中最为重要的，自Docker诞生之日起“镜像”就是相关社区最为热门的关键词。
Docker运行容器前需要本地存在对应的镜像，如果镜像没保存在本地，Docker会尝试先从默认镜像仓库下载（默认使用Docker Hub公共注册服务器的仓库），用户也可以通过配置，使用自定义的镜像仓库。
1、镜像搜索
通过docker search image_name命令搜索镜像。通常较为常用的参数有
--automated=true|false：仅显示自动创建的镜像，默认为否；
--no-trunc=true|false：输出信息不截断显示，默认为否；
-s, --stars=X：根据镜像的星级进行搜索 比如搜索centos镜像，星级为10或者以上。从左到右，显示依次为：镜像名、描述、星级、是否为官方、是否为自动创建。
2、拉取镜像
通过docker pull images_name:tag即可拉取需要的镜像。默认的tag（标签是latest）
如拉取一个httpd的镜像（这里我不指定tag标签，默认就是latest，会显示拉取的进度）
执行docker images可以查看到现有的镜像（里面有刚刚获取的httpd镜像）
3、查看镜像信息
通过docker inspect images_name可以查看某个镜像的信息
[root@centos7f ~]# docker inspect httpd
[
{
"Id": "sha256:11426a19f1a28d6491041aef1e1a7a2dcaa188d0165ae495de7d8fc1bf3e164f",
"RepoTags": [
"httpd:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"httpd@sha256:8c84e065bdf72b4909bd55a348d5e91fe265e08d6b28ed9104bfdcac9206dcc8"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2018-07-31T16:49:48.488308431Z",
"Container": "8d9716b97c51721cce2f7450eea9622ec9d97c8760098550f7f1cf8cddd94061",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "8d9716b97c51",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2",
"NGHTTP2_VERSION=1.18.1-1",
"OPENSSL_VERSION=1.0.2l-1~bpo8+1",
"HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.34",
"HTTPD_SHA256=fa53c95631febb08a9de41fd2864cfff815cf62d9306723ab0d4b8d7aa1638f0",
"HTTPD_PATCHES=",
"APACHE_DIST_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename= \thttps://www-us.apache.org/dist/ \thttps://www.apache.org/dist/ \thttps://archive.apache.org/dist/"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"httpd-foreground\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:c237180f28409d28401f1f634e784c940bb89d15e4de5db35ca5f320aed423b2",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": [],
"Labels": {}
},
"DockerVersion": "17.06.2-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2",
"NGHTTP2_VERSION=1.18.1-1",
"OPENSSL_VERSION=1.0.2l-1~bpo8+1",
"HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.34",
"HTTPD_SHA256=fa53c95631febb08a9de41fd2864cfff815cf62d9306723ab0d4b8d7aa1638f0",
"HTTPD_PATCHES=",
"APACHE_DIST_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename= \thttps://www-us.apache.org/dist/ \thttps://www.apache.org/dist/ \thttps://archive.apache.org/dist/"
],
"Cmd": [
"httpd-foreground"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:c237180f28409d28401f1f634e784c940bb89d15e4de5db35ca5f320aed423b2",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": [],
"Labels": null
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 177559099,
"VirtualSize": 177559099,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e8a7d936a146f00002daad342da591eb4ff3c52b94361f62fe160949668df94f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0497e7522cf60cc840d184f1f75a88e45fccedeb50f9685c72ba2f4e0334843b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a71b868c28231bfcf73126a5df47157182b0414243f282a198770a22eea3713a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e243b6e4b235b79969aff4fca1ba8521d1c7fc505c77d7d07d7ab52e95d960da/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dfa918fa4630779aaa319c0c833c9bf6b40d237e77a32b3e79574b843b78bff1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5c0c1f37210838240c1e6aaa7a0ac2abee872450025d89df4a719cd2aeea21f4/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91f6e0aabf12bcdd5628447fabc919f0039f5e7bd7153382cad6ef413ccd5ed0/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91f6e0aabf12bcdd5628447fabc919f0039f5e7bd7153382cad6ef413ccd5ed0/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91f6e0aabf12bcdd5628447fabc919f0039f5e7bd7153382cad6ef413ccd5ed0/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:dd1eb1fd7e08dc9bda0cbea31a89196c453cb218bea80ce64eeb19fadc98d262",
"sha256:f6ff89d562dc5b83d425e3a8768a580f4f7cde78f4b73e1f0adb3fd417c0a846",
"sha256:611673f0c323fcac4130e893672e60d6b53a6e7c5b5890139f734d7f6e9dd6bc",
"sha256:74e07a1c6b076bad4d917bde97391a7a565409445ace712ff6f26ae4f04b5b33",
"sha256:94519f51ae61e88862ce4cb142d17a2bf4cf2f4aa36b286e0933f423c1939cff",
"sha256:dcaeabd68175a017bd22be178535663ba9576eca061067f252039523527f424b",
"sha256:28eaf9ee6b41f5f72eecbef3f09474a496bcb5cfefd718a1865cf74733a6def0"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
] 注意：docker inspect输出的是json格式的信息
如：下面两条命令输出了httpd镜像开放了80端口、使用的是amd64的架构
4、删除镜像
使用docker rmi images_name命令
第一条命令没有执行成功，因为基于这个镜像上存在一个容器。通过-f选项可强制删除这个镜像，强制删除后，容器也将被删除，所以-f选项需谨慎使用。
5、创建一个镜像
commit方法：可根据一个容器创建一个镜像
下图中我首先启动了一个镜像，然后使用commit方法创建一个镜像叫httpd_server、tag是01。通过docker images可以查看到我创建的镜像
commit的参数：
-a指定创建镜像的author（作者）
-m提交消息
基于模板导入的方法
这里有很多docker的模板供下载http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/（下载速度很慢，不是很建议这么做）
下载完了，可以执行
cat 模板 | docker import - images_name：tag 这样你就能通过模板创建了一个镜像。
书写Dockerfile创建模板（建议做法）
详细操作请关注后面的博客
6、存出和载入镜像
存出
通过docker save命令可以存出一个镜像，通过这个命令可以将同样的环境给开发、运维、测试使用，避免了一些因为工作环境带了的麻烦
载入
为了验证效果我将原有的jdeathe/centos-ssh删除了，然后载入刚刚存出的centos.tar。载入的命令为docker load < images.tar
7、上传镜像到docker hub
首先你需要注册有个docker hub的账号
注册地址https://hub.docker.com
执行docker login即可登录
想要上传到你的docker hub账户内，首先要给镜像打标签。记住标签打的是自己的hub账号名，然后跟上仓库名，tag。如果你的docker hub没有这个仓库，会自动创建该仓库。
然后直接push打了标签的镜像即可
这里给大家看一下结果
容器操作
查看你的容器
docker ps命令可以查看你当前运行的容器，而docker ps -a或者docker ps --all可以查看所有容器 
创建容器
docker create images_name:tag可以创建一个容器。这里创建容器会随机给一个容器名称，很不利于管理，但是注意在创建容器时docker会返还给你一个容器的ID。
启动容器
docker start container_name/container_id
新建的同时启动容器
执行docker run images_name可以根据一个镜像创建一个容器并运行。
下图中，我用run命令基于jdeathe/centos-ssh运行了一个容器，然后让容器执行了echo "hello,I'm running"命令。然后容器会自动停止运行
守护态运行容器
我们在使用docker容器的时候大多时候都会让docker一直运行提供应用服务的，很少会让他运行执行一个命令就直接关闭。docker run -itd可以让容器在docker的回台运行，提供服务。
进入/连接容器
通过上面的命令让容器在后台运行了，所以连接容器执行命令是需要的
通过docker exec -it container_name /bin/bash 命令即可连接到正在运行的容器
显示容器的信息
[root@centos7f ~]# docker inspect 002b96bb30a9
[
{
"Id": "002b96bb30a92e73b71b9430e9ddef168ed0e098a5a7bb460fb04b4ca0286c3b",
"Created": "2018-08-18T13:31:18.963206183Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 114840,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2018-08-18T13:31:19.305350229Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"Health": {
"Status": "unhealthy",
"FailingStreak": 39,
"Log": [
{
"Start": "2018-08-18T21:31:40.692311294+08:00",
"End": "2018-08-18T21:31:40.780482004+08:00",
"ExitCode": 1,
"Output": ""
},
{
"Start": "2018-08-18T21:31:41.301262289+08:00",
"End": "2018-08-18T21:31:41.388515509+08:00",
"ExitCode": 1,
"Output": ""
},
{
"Start": "2018-08-18T21:31:41.910073234+08:00",
"End": "2018-08-18T21:31:41.997176118+08:00",
"ExitCode": 1,
"Output": ""
},
{
"Start": "2018-08-18T21:31:42.518304445+08:00",
"End": "2018-08-18T21:31:42.605189606+08:00",
"ExitCode": 1,
"Output": ""
},
{
"Start": "2018-08-18T21:31:43.127178763+08:00",
"End": "2018-08-18T21:31:43.21354527+08:00",
"ExitCode": 1,
"Output": ""
}
]
}
},
"Image": "sha256:563e45ee6e1243335785f558dbb566791e5ac5bd293aafc5c75e5b0743eaa888",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/002b96bb30a92e73b71b9430e9ddef168ed0e098a5a7bb460fb04b4ca0286c3b/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/002b96bb30a92e73b71b9430e9ddef168ed0e098a5a7bb460fb04b4ca0286c3b/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/002b96bb30a92e73b71b9430e9ddef168ed0e098a5a7bb460fb04b4ca0286c3b/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/002b96bb30a92e73b71b9430e9ddef168ed0e098a5a7bb460fb04b4ca0286c3b/002b96bb30a92e73b71b9430e9ddef168ed0e098a5a7bb460fb04b4ca0286c3b-json.log",
"Name": "/cocky_ptolemy",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": [
"02039efcbf2bb4b4b8f1a88187144ef13fe3873035efe13dff00b3afcdeb1059"
],
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "shareable",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3cda10e35c399bd1362edc91b9d1ae9b27a76c198aaf9407b06fe3ebc521d200-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/53a5b0930c3c8500d36135247d0820d14ab9249c07df1e745dc61fdf9829f638/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c8e5e31d4c76e171e86a8ac1b88d7a76798d6588b45c9eee8f9430fa0eb72681/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b67f4e966ab81cee54f1c2b2438ca1dcb49aaa600fa724acdf9fc2b32e2ad36/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/27fa1c8e7cfc942ee5df37b210ce9020ef9dc1439bd114e915183e0a8a731b6a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5b946c5b08c008f219caa0703770d3a0bae213b07346a30d00db4c3aaaaec3d0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2f939ad9a322e1471b17693fa89936d341a04359dbc5e2ac155e888b15b5e0e9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f47a7753c7d4889dc79fa7edf005733d816eafcdbb60d83f6e1fcb551117e408/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e5af324a45dc5c414841328ef55e3ee3aed7738c100de81a06887c9abfae43e8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b992eefb82fb8035c96de66a66def764b09c8a24b4b977817cf6545476a6cc07/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b97cd8b38d9f15c08bcd4c1589e8a0c8f8d617429986d61713a7b96183cdcc25/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/392aa202ea4b1eb42b229082ee607d827cc42933e2507f5dc50f6d67f84f9331/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bbb0e0b3b6a8da11ffb6c7825f87f87b18cf3310a7ab1d64020abb037c6d4807/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/16d8286164ccebe3b1b43d266519ced560165833e33bbc49150ff4384306e39a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b3ba97cbdaac36a329b4349e13a7875de424b24363b39f86ac84883db5199a2d/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3cda10e35c399bd1362edc91b9d1ae9b27a76c198aaf9407b06fe3ebc521d200/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3cda10e35c399bd1362edc91b9d1ae9b27a76c198aaf9407b06fe3ebc521d200/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3cda10e35c399bd1362edc91b9d1ae9b27a76c198aaf9407b06fe3ebc521d200/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "002b96bb30a9",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"22/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS=",
"SSH_AUTOSTART_SSHD=true",
"SSH_AUTOSTART_SSHD_BOOTSTRAP=true",
"SSH_CHROOT_DIRECTORY=%h",
"SSH_INHERIT_ENVIRONMENT=false",
"SSH_SUDO=ALL=(ALL) ALL",
"SSH_USER=app-admin",
"SSH_USER_FORCE_SFTP=false",
"SSH_USER_HOME=/home/%u",
"SSH_USER_ID=500:500",
"SSH_USER_PASSWORD=",
"SSH_USER_PASSWORD_HASHED=false",
"SSH_USER_SHELL=/bin/bash"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Healthcheck": {
"Test": [
"CMD",
"/usr/bin/healthcheck"
],
"Interval": 500000000,
"Timeout": 1000000000,
"Retries": 5
},
"Image": "jdeathe/centos-ssh",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"build-date": "20170911",
"install": "docker run --rm --privileged --volume /:/media/root jdeathe/centos-ssh:2.3.2 /usr/sbin/scmi install --chroot=/media/root --name=${NAME} --tag=2.3.2 --setopt='--volume {{NAME}}.config-ssh:/etc/ssh'",
"license": "GPLv2",
"maintainer": "James Deathe ",
"name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.deathe.description": "CentOS-7 7.4.1708 x86_64 - SCL, EPEL and IUS Repositories / Supervisor / OpenSSH.",
"org.deathe.license": "MIT",
"org.deathe.name": "centos-ssh",
"org.deathe.release": "jdeathe/centos-ssh:2.3.2",
"org.deathe.url": "https://github.com/jdeathe/centos-ssh",
"org.deathe.vendor": "jdeathe",
"org.deathe.version": "2.3.2",
"uninstall": "docker run --rm --privileged --volume /:/media/root jdeathe/centos-ssh:2.3.2 /usr/sbin/scmi uninstall --chroot=/media/root --name=${NAME} --tag=2.3.2 --setopt='--volume {{NAME}}.config-ssh:/etc/ssh'",
"vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "a28e769b9df4b9bba2c502c27a363bf69c0dc0127186d4287325239ef60cd2ed",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"22/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/a28e769b9df4",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "7458b19a71f455028c46a21b9b723639bea102556b1aa2e69a0964af2556671a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "7d4f6f5d62534239375305abc5e17709845a269f4dbb52d36b115b559963f594",
"EndpointID": "7458b19a71f455028c46a21b9b723639bea102556b1aa2e69a0964af2556671a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
] 导出导入容器
首先导出一个容器
将容器导入到镜像
删除一个容器
通过docker rm container_name可以删除一个未运行的镜像，加上-f选项可以强制删除一个运行的镜像。
常用操作方法小结
1、docker run -itd --name centos001 jdeathe/centos-ssh /bin/bash
该命令可以让一个容器后台运行并未这个起名叫做centos001。
2、docker run -it --name centos002
该命令可以运行一个容器，但是不是后台守护态。所以会直接连接进入该容器，可直接进行操作，直接执行exit退出该容器后，该容器就会停止。如果想退出，但是不停止容器，可以执行ctrl+p,然后紧跟着执行ctrl+q，让容器在退出后保持运行。
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QQ群⑧：
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发表于 2019-2-21 07:50:39
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