Linux /etc/passwd 文件结构

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Understanding fields in /etc/passwd

The /etc/passwd contains one entry per line for each user (or user account) of the system. All fields are separated by a colon (:) symbol. Total seven fields as follows.

Generally, passwd file entry looks as follows (click to enlarge image):

(Fig.01: /etc/passwd file format - click to enlarge)

• Username: It is used when user logs in. It should be between 1 and 32 characters in length.
• Password: An x character indicates that encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow file.
• User ID (UID): Each user must be assigned a user ID (UID). UID 0 (zero) is reserved for root and UIDs 1-99 are reserved for other predefined accounts. Further UID 100-999 are reserved by system for administrative and system accounts/groups.
• Group ID (GID): The primary group ID (stored in /etc/group file)
• User ID Info: The comment field. It allow you to add extra information about the users such as user's full name, phone number etc. This field use by finger command.
• Home directory: The absolute path to the directory the user will be in when they log in. If this directory does not exists then users directory becomes /
• Command/shell: The absolute path of a command or shell (/bin/bash). Typically, this is a shell. Please note that it does not have to be a shell.
  
  

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