1、Ganglia简介：
Ganglia是UC Berkeley发起的一个开源集群监视项目，设计用于测量数以千计的节点。Ganglia的核心包含gmond、gmetad以及一个Web前端。主要是用来监控系统性能，如：cpu 、mem、硬盘利用率、 I/O负载、网络流量情况等，通过曲线很容易见到每个节点的工作状态，对合理调整、分配系统资源，提高系统整体性能起到重要作用。
2、Ganglia进程介绍：
每台计算机都运行一个收集和发送度量数据的名为 gmond 的守护进程。接收所有度量数据的主机可以显示这些数据并且可以将这些数据的精简表单传递到层次结构中。正因为有这种层次结构模式，才使得 Ganglia 可以实现良好的扩展。gmond 带来的系统负载非常少，这使得它成为在集群中各台计算机上运行的一段代码，而不会影响用户性能。所有这些数据多次收集会影响节点性能。网络中的 “抖动”发生在大量小消息同时出现时，可以通过将节点时钟保持一致，来避免这个问题。
gmetad可以部署在集群内任一台节点或者通过网络连接到集群的独立主机，它通过单播路由的方式与gmond通信，收集区域内节点的状态信息，并以XML数据的形式，保存在数据库中。
由RRDTool工具处理数据，并生成相应的的图形显示，以Web方式直观的提供给客户端。
3、安装配置ganglia的过程：
（1）安装前的准备工作
（2）安装服务器端
（3）客户端的安装
（4）web前端的安装
（5）安装成功后的测试工作
4、安装前的准备工作：
由于ganglia有许多依赖的软件，所以要事先安装一下，安装过程如下
[url=]
[/url]# yum install –y gcc gcc-c++ libpng freetype zlib libdbi apr.* apr-util ibxml2-devel pkg-config glib pixman pango pango-devel freetye-devel fontconfig cairo cairo-devel libart_lgpl libart_lgpl-devel
5、服务器端的安装：
由于ganglia监控是通过httpd的，所以要先编译httpd服务，而且还要编译php支持gd模块，即：--with-gd
（1）httpd安装：
# cd /opt
# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz
# tar -xvf httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.2.22
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib
# make && make install
编辑httpd的配置文件，/etc/httpd/httpd.conf，添加如下行即可：
# vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"
提供httpd 的SysV服务脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd，内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=$?
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
而后为此脚本赋予执行权限：
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
加入服务列表：
# chkconfig --add httpd
开机自动启动：
# chkconfig httpd on
接下来就可以启动服务进行测试了。
# service httpd start //启动httpd 服务
（2）安装配置php
# cd /opt
# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.3.15.tar.gz
# cd php-5.3.15
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql5 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5/etc --with-gd
# make && make install
为php提供配置文件：
# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
编辑apache配置文件httpd.conf，使apache支持php
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
① 添加如下二行
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
② 定位至DirectoryIndex index.html
修改为：
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
③ 测试php安装是否成功。
# cd /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
# mv index.html index.php
# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
保存退出后，将httpd服务重新启动： service httpd restart或者 reload让其重新载入配置文件即可测试php是否已经可以正常使用。
（3）结合php与mysql
①重新编辑/usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.php文件，如下所示：
<?php
$link=mysql_connect('localhost','root',''); //与mysql数据库连接
if ($link)
echo "Successful!";
else
echo "Failure...";
mysql_close(); //关闭数据库连接
?>
②而后重新启动httpd，并且重新启动mysqld服务。
这时输入ip地址查看信息。
（4）安装配置 rrdtool
# cd /opt
#wget http://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz
# tar xvf rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz
# cd rrdtool-1.4.5
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool –enable-shared
# make && make install
将rrdtool的命令加入配置环境下：
# vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/rrdtool/bin
#source /etc/profile
（5）安装配置其他所要依赖的包：
# yum install -y expat expat-devel pcre pcre-devel （6）Ganglia的安装
好了，终于要安装ganglia了，下面开始： # tar zxf ganglia-3.4.0.tar.gz
# cd ganglia-3.4.0 # ./configure --prefix=/opt/modules/ganglia --with-static-modules --enable-gexec --enable-status --with-gmetad --with-python=/usr --with-librrd=/usr/local/rrdtool --with-libexpat=/usr --with-libconfuse=/usr/local --with-libpcre=/usr/local
# make && make install
# cd gmetad
# cp gmetad.conf /opt/modules/ganglia/etc/
# cp gmetad.init /etc/init.d/gmetad
打开gmetad的配置文件，修改如下内容：
# vi /etc/init.d/gmetad 改为GMETAD=/opt/modules/ganglia/sbin/gmetad # chkconfig --add gmetad
# route add -host 239.2.11.71 dev eth0 # mkdir –p /var/lib/ganglia/rrds # chown nobody:nobody /var/lib/ganglia/ #vi /opt/modules/ganglia/etc/gmetad.conf data_source "ling" 10.100.10.10
setuid_username "root"
rrd_rootdir "/usr/local/rrdtool"
说明：这里的”ling”表示的是集群的名称，后面的内容是这个集群中所包含的主机信息，也就是要监控的主机ip。
# service gmetad start
# netstat –tnlp |grep gmetad
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8651 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29583/gmetad
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8652 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29583/gmetad
6、客户端的安装与配置：
（1）准备工作：
# yum install –y gcc gcc-c++ libpng freetype zlib libdbi apr.* apr-util ibxml2-devel pkg-config glib pixman pango pango-devel freetye-devel fontconfig cairo cairo-devel libart_lgpl libart_lgpl-develexpat expat-devel pcre pcre-devel apr*
# cd /opt
# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.4.6.tar.gz
# tar zxf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz
# cd apr-1.4.6
# ./configure;make;make install
# cd ..
#wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org ... /confuse-2.7.tar.gz
# tar zxf confuse-2.7.tar.gz
# cd confuse-2.7
# ./configure CFLAGS=-fPIC --disable-nls ;make;make install
# cd ..
（2）安装配置 rrdtool
# cd /opt
# wget http://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz
# tar xvf rrdtool-1.4.5.tar.gz
# cd rrdtool-1.4.5
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool --enable-shared
# make && make install
# vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/rrdtool/bin
#source /etc/profile
# cd ..
（3）安装ganglia
#wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/ganglia/ganglia%20monitoring%20core/3.4.0/ganglia-3.4.0.tar.gz
# tar zxf ganglia-3.4.0.tar.gz
# cd ganglia-3.4.0
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/modules/ganglia --enable-gexec --enable-status --with-python=/usr --with-libapr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config --with-libconfuse=/usr/local --with-libexpat=/usr --with-libpcre=/usr
# make && make install
# mkdir /opt/modules/ganglia/etc
#cd gmond
# ./gmond –t > /opt/modules/ganglia/etc/gmond.conf
# cp gmond.init /etc/init.d/gmond
# vi /etc/init.d/gmond
将GMETAD=/usr/bin/gmond
改为GMETAD=/opt/modules/ganglia/sbin/gmond
# chkconfig --add gmond
[url=]# route add -host 239.2.11.71 dev eth0[/url]
# service gmond start
7、Web前端配置：
As of version 3.4.0, the web interface is a separate distribution tarballand maintained in a separate source code repository. Please download from http://ganglia.info
在服务器端进行：
# cd /opt
wgethttp://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/ganglia/ganglia-web/3.5.2/
ganglia-web-3.5.2.tar.gz
# tar xvf ganglia-web-3.5.2.tar.gz
# cd ganglia-web-3.5.2
# vi conf.php
$conf['gmetad_root'] = "/var/lib/ganglia";
$conf['rrds'] = "${conf['gmetad_root']}/rrds";
$conf['rrdtool'] = "/usr/local/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool";
$conf['ganglia_ip'] = "127.0.0.1";
$conf['ganglia_port'] = 8652;
# vi Makefile
将GDESTDIR = /var/www/html/ganglia
APACHE_USER = apache
改为
GDESTDIR = /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ganglia
APACHE_USER = nobody
# make install
# service httpd restart
# service gmetad restart
如果打开浏览器，出现乱码的问题，查看httpd的错误日志，内容如下：
(process:3530): Pango-WARNING **: failed to choose a font, expect ugly output. engine-type='PangoRenderFc', script='latin'
(process:3531): Pango-WARNING **: failed to choose a font, expect ugly output. engine-type='PangoRenderFc', script='common'
(process:3531): Pango-WARNING **: failed to choose a font, expect ugly output. engine-type='PangoRenderFc', script='latin'
(process:3532): Pango-WARNING **: failed to choose a font, expect ugly output. engine-type='PangoRenderFc', script='common'
(process:3532): Pango-WARNING **: failed to choose a font, expect ugly output. engine-type='PangoRenderFc', script='latin'
(process:3536): Pango-WARNING **: failed to choose a font, expect ugly output. engine-type='PangoRenderFc', script='common'
(process:3536): Pango-WARNING **: failed to choose a font, expect ugly output. engine-type='PangoRenderFc', script='latin'
(process:3538): Pango-WARNING **: failed to choose a font, expect ugly output. engine-type='PangoRenderFc', script='common'
可能是apache不支持字体的原因，解决问题的方法是安装liberation-fonts-ttf：
# yum list all |grep liberation
# yum install –y liberation*
此时，打开http://10.100.10.12/ganglia，查看web界面：
8、用ganglia监控mysql数据库
在网上搜索了一下，发现了一个监控mysql的脚本，就下载下来试一试，感觉结果不是很满意，不过可以借鉴一下：
① 在被监控的机器上（10.100.10.10）
# vim gmetric-mysql.sh
#! /bin/bash
# Config
declare -r GMETRIC=/opt/ganglia-3.4.0/gmetric/gmetric
declare -r NEW_DATA_FILE=/tmp/mysql-stats.new
declare -r OLD_DATA_FILE=/tmp/mysql-stats.old
declare -r MYSQL_USER="root" /*连接mysql数据库的用户和密码*/
declare -r MYSQL_PASSWORD=""
# Sanity checks
if test -z "$GMETRIC" ; then
printf "The command $GMETRIC is not available";
exit 192
fi
# Function for submiting metrics
function record_value {
if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
printf "You must specify a look-up value\n"
exit 192
fi
LOOKUP_VAR=$1
GANGLIA_NAME=${2-unspecified}
GANGLIA_TYPE=${3-float}
GANGLIA_UNITS=${4-units}
GANGLIA_VALUE=`grep "$LOOKUP_VAR[^_]" "$NEW_DATA_FILE" | awk '{print $2}'`
printf " * $GANGLIA_NAME: $GANGLIA_VALUE\n"
# Function for submitting delta metrics
function record_value_rate {
if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
printf "You must specify a look-up value\n"
exit 192
fi
MYSQL_VAR=$1
GANGLIA_NAME=${2-unspecified}
GANGLIA_TYPE=${3-float}
GANGLIA_UNITS=${4-"per second"}
# Get values from old and new files
PREVIOUS_VALUE=`grep "$MYSQL_VAR[^_]" "$OLD_DATA_FILE" | awk '{print $2}'`
NEW_VALUE=`grep "$MYSQL_VAR[^_]" "$NEW_DATA_FILE" | awk '{print $2}'`
DELTA_VALUE=$(( $NEW_VALUE-$PREVIOUS_VALUE ))
PREVIOUS_TIMESTAMP=`date -r "$OLD_DATA_FILE" +%s`
NEW_TIMESTAMP=`date -r "$NEW_DATA_FILE" +%s`
DELTA_TIMESTAMP=$(( $NEW_TIMESTAMP-$PREVIOUS_TIMESTAMP ))
if [ $DELTA_VALUE -lt 0 ] || [ $DELTA_TIMESTAMP -lt 0 ]; then
# Something strange here - MYSQL may just have started. Ignore for now
printf "Weird data value - skipping\n"
else
# Need to pipe to bc to perform floating point operations
DELTA_RATE=`echo "scale=4; $DELTA_VALUE/$DELTA_TIMESTAMP" | bc -l`
printf " * $GANGLIA_NAME -- Previous value: $PREVIOUS_VALUE, new value: $NEW_VALUE, delta: $DELTA_VALUE, previous timestamp: $PREVIOUS_TIMESTAMP, new timestamp: $NEW_TIMESTAMP, delta: $DELTA_TIMESTAMP, $DELTA_RATE per second\n"
$GMETRIC --type "$GANGLIA_TYPE" --name "$GANGLIA_NAME" --value $DELTA_VALUE --unit "$GANGLIA_UNITS"
fi
}
# Read MySQL statistics into a temporary file
mysql --user=$MYSQL_USER --password=$MYSQL_PASSWORD --execute "SHOW GLOBAL STATUS" > "$NEW_DATA_FILE"
# Submit metrics
record_value_rate "Connections" "MYSQL_CONNECTIONS" "float" "Connections/sec"
record_value_rate "Com_update" "MYSQL_UPDATE_QUERIES" "float" "Queries/sec"
record_value_rate "Com_select" "MYSQL_SELECT_QUERIES" "float" "Queries/sec"
record_value_rate "Com_insert" "MYSQL_INSERT_QUERIES" "float" "Queries/sec"
record_value_rate "Com_delete" "MYSQL_DELETE_QUERIES" "float" "Queries/sec"
record_value_rate "Created_tmp_tables" "MYSQL_CREATED_TMP_TABLES" "float" "Tables created/sec"
record_value_rate "Slow_queries" "MYSQL_SLOW_QUERIES" "float" "Queries/sec"
record_value_rate "Qcache_hits" "MYSQL_QUERY_CACHE_HITS" "float" "Hits/sec"
record_value "Qcache_queries_in_cache" "MYSQL_QUERIES_IN_CACHE" "float" "Queries"
record_value_rate "Questions" "MYSQL_QUESTIONS" "float" "Questions/sec"
record_value_rate "Threads_connected" "MYSQL_THREADS_CONNECTED" "float" "Threads connected/sec"
record_value "Threads_running" "MYSQL_THREADS_RUNNING" "float" "Threads running"
# Copy data
cp "$NEW_DATA_FILE" "$OLD_DATA_FILE"
② #chmod +x gmetric-mysql.sh
③ crond 执行此脚本：
crontab –e
* * * * * /root/gmetric-mysql.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
④重启gmetad服务（10.100.10.12）
# service gmetad restart
此时打开浏览器，查看mysql的各种状态：
| 
QQ群⑧：
窥视卡
雷达卡
发表于 2012-8-1 09:00:28
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
千斤顶
显身卡