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[经验分享] 多实例mysql的安装和管理

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发表于 2015-6-8 09:08:16 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
mysql的多实例有两种方式可以实现,两种方式各有利弊。
第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例,这种方式的优势逻辑简单,配置简单,缺点是管理起来不太方便。
第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例,这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面,优点是管理起来很方便,集中管理。

下面就分别来实战这两种多实例的安装和管理

先来学习第一种使用多个配置文件启动多个不同进程的情况:

环境介绍:

mysql 版本:5.1.50

操作系统:SUSE 11

mysql实例数:3个

实例占用端口分别为:3306、3307、3308
创建mysql用户



    /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
    /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

编译安装mysql



    tar xzvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz
    cd mysql-5.1.50
    ./configure '--prefix=/usr/local/mysql' '--with-charset=utf8' '--with-extra-charsets=complex' '--with-pthread' '--enable-thread-safe-client' '--with-ssl' '--with-client-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-plugins=partition,innobase,blackhole,myisam,innodb_plugin,heap,archive' '--enable-shared' '--enable-assembler'
    make
    make install

初始化数据库



    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql

创建配置文件
vim /data/dbdata_3306/my.cnf
3306的配置文件如下:



    [client]
    port = 3306
    socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
    [mysqld]
    datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/
    skip-name-resolve
    lower_case_table_names=1
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    port = 3306
    socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
    back_log = 50
    max_connections = 300
    max_connect_errors = 1000
    table_open_cache = 2048
    max_allowed_packet = 16M
    binlog_cache_size = 2M
    max_heap_table_size = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 2M
    join_buffer_size = 2M
    thread_cache_size = 64
    thread_concurrency = 8
    query_cache_size = 64M
    query_cache_limit = 2M
    ft_min_word_len = 4
    default-storage-engine = innodb
    thread_stack = 192K
    transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
    tmp_table_size = 64M
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    binlog_format=mixed
    slow_query_log
    long_query_time = 1
    server-id = 1
    key_buffer_size = 8M
    read_buffer_size = 2M
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
    myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
    myisam_repair_threads = 1
    myisam_recover
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    innodb_file_io_threads = 8
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
    innodb_log_file_size = 512M
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
    [mysqldump]
    quick
    max_allowed_packet = 256M
    [mysql]
    no-auto-rehash
    prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>
    [myisamchk]
    key_buffer_size = 512M
    sort_buffer_size = 512M
    read_buffer = 8M
    write_buffer = 8M
    [mysqlhotcopy]
    interactive-timeout
    [mysqld_safe]
    open-files-limit = 8192

vim /data/dbdata_3307/my.cnf
3307的配置文件如下:



    [client]
    port = 3307
    socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
    [mysqld]
    datadir=/data/dbdata_3307/
    skip-name-resolve
    lower_case_table_names=1
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    port = 3307
    socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
    back_log = 50
    max_connections = 300
    max_connect_errors = 1000
    table_open_cache = 2048
    max_allowed_packet = 16M
    binlog_cache_size = 2M
    max_heap_table_size = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 2M
    join_buffer_size = 2M
    thread_cache_size = 64
    thread_concurrency = 8
    query_cache_size = 64M
    query_cache_limit = 2M
    ft_min_word_len = 4
    default-storage-engine = innodb
    thread_stack = 192K
    transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
    tmp_table_size = 64M
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    binlog_format=mixed
    slow_query_log
    long_query_time = 1
    server-id = 1
    key_buffer_size = 8M
    read_buffer_size = 2M
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
    myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
    myisam_repair_threads = 1
    myisam_recover
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    innodb_file_io_threads = 8
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
    innodb_log_file_size = 512M
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
    [mysqldump]
    quick
    max_allowed_packet = 256M
    [mysql]
    no-auto-rehash
    prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>
    [myisamchk]
    key_buffer_size = 512M
    sort_buffer_size = 512M
    read_buffer = 8M
    write_buffer = 8M
    [mysqlhotcopy]
    interactive-timeout
    [mysqld_safe]
    open-files-limit = 8192

vim /data/dbdata_3308/my.cnf
3308的配置文件如下:



    [client]
    port = 3308
    socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    [mysqld]
    datadir=/data/dbdata_3308/
    skip-name-resolve
    lower_case_table_names=1
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    port = 3308
    socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    back_log = 50
    max_connections = 300
    max_connect_errors = 1000
    table_open_cache = 2048
    max_allowed_packet = 16M
    binlog_cache_size = 2M
    max_heap_table_size = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 2M
    join_buffer_size = 2M
    thread_cache_size = 64
    thread_concurrency = 8
    query_cache_size = 64M
    query_cache_limit = 2M
    ft_min_word_len = 4
    default-storage-engine = innodb
    thread_stack = 192K
    transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
    tmp_table_size = 64M
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    binlog_format=mixed
    slow_query_log
    long_query_time = 1
    server-id = 1
    key_buffer_size = 8M
    read_buffer_size = 2M
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
    myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
    myisam_repair_threads = 1
    myisam_recover
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    innodb_file_io_threads = 8
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
    innodb_log_file_size = 512M
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
    [mysqldump]
    quick
    max_allowed_packet = 256M
    [mysql]
    no-auto-rehash
    prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>
    [myisamchk]
    key_buffer_size = 512M
    sort_buffer_size = 512M
    read_buffer = 8M
    write_buffer = 8M
    [mysqlhotcopy]
    interactive-timeout
    [mysqld_safe]
    open-files-limit = 8192


创建自动启动文件
vim /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld
3306的启动文件如下:



    #!/bin/bash
    mysql_port=3306
    mysql_username="admin"
    mysql_password="password"
    function_start_mysql()
    {
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
    }
    function_stop_mysql()
    {
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown
    }
    function_restart_mysql()
    {
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    function_start_mysql
    }
    function_kill_mysql()
    {
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    }
    case $1 in
    start)
    function_start_mysql;;
    stop)
    function_stop_mysql;;
    kill)
    function_kill_mysql;;
    restart)
    function_stop_mysql
    function_start_mysql;;
    *)
    echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
    esac


vim /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld
3307的启动文件如下:



    #!/bin/bash
    mysql_port=3307
    mysql_username="admin"
    mysql_password="password"
    function_start_mysql()
    {
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
    }
    function_stop_mysql()
    {
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown
    }
    function_restart_mysql()
    {
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    function_start_mysql
    }
    function_kill_mysql()
    {
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    }
    case $1 in
    start)
    function_start_mysql;;
    stop)
    function_stop_mysql;;
    kill)
    function_kill_mysql;;
    restart)
    function_stop_mysql
    function_start_mysql;;
    *)
    echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
    esac


vim /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld
3308的启动文件如下:



    #!/bin/bash
    mysql_port=3308
    mysql_username="admin"
    mysql_password="password"
    function_start_mysql()
    {
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
    }
    function_stop_mysql()
    {
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown
    }
    function_restart_mysql()
    {
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    function_start_mysql
    }
    function_kill_mysql()
    {
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    }
    case $1 in
    start)
    function_start_mysql;;
    stop)
    function_stop_mysql;;
    kill)
    function_kill_mysql;;
    restart)
    function_stop_mysql
    function_start_mysql;;
    *)
    echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
    esac

启动3306、3307、3308的mysql



    /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start
    /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start
    /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start


更改原来密码(处于安全考虑,还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号,这里省略了):



    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

登录测试并创建关闭mysql的帐号权限,mysqld脚本要用到!



    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
    flush privileges;
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
    flush privileges;
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
    flush privileges;

创建了admin帐号以后脚本的stop功能和restart功能就正常了!
更改环境变量



    vim /etc/profile 添加下面一行内容
    PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
    source /etc/profile

添加到自动启动



    vim /etc/init.d/boot.local
    /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start
    /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start
    /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start

如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

管理的话,在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock,如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别!



再来看第二种通过官方自带的mysqld_multi来实现多实例实战:
这里的mysql安装以及数据库的初始化和前面的步骤一样,就不再赘述。

mysqld_multi的配置
vim /etc/my.cnf



    [mysqld_multi]
    mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
    mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
    user = admin
    password = password
    [mysqld1]
    socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
    port = 3306
    pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.pid
    datadir = /data/dbdata_3306
    user = mysql
    skip-name-resolve
    lower_case_table_names=1
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    back_log = 50
    max_connections = 300
    max_connect_errors = 1000
    table_open_cache = 2048
    max_allowed_packet = 16M
    binlog_cache_size = 2M
    max_heap_table_size = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 2M
    join_buffer_size = 2M
    thread_cache_size = 64
    thread_concurrency = 8
    query_cache_size = 64M
    query_cache_limit = 2M
    ft_min_word_len = 4
    default-storage-engine = innodb
    thread_stack = 192K
    transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
    tmp_table_size = 64M
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    binlog_format=mixed
    slow_query_log
    long_query_time = 1
    server-id = 1
    key_buffer_size = 8M
    read_buffer_size = 2M
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
    myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
    myisam_repair_threads = 1
    myisam_recover
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    innodb_file_io_threads = 8
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
    innodb_log_file_size = 512M
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
    [mysqld2]
    socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
    port = 3307
    pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid
    datadir = /data/dbdata_3307
    user = mysql
    skip-name-resolve
    lower_case_table_names=1
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    back_log = 50
    max_connections = 300
    max_connect_errors = 1000
    table_open_cache = 2048
    max_allowed_packet = 16M
    binlog_cache_size = 2M
    max_heap_table_size = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 2M
    join_buffer_size = 2M
    thread_cache_size = 64
    thread_concurrency = 8
    query_cache_size = 64M
    query_cache_limit = 2M
    ft_min_word_len = 4
    default-storage-engine = innodb
    thread_stack = 192K
    transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
    tmp_table_size = 64M
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    binlog_format=mixed
    slow_query_log
    long_query_time = 1
    server-id = 1
    key_buffer_size = 8M
    read_buffer_size = 2M
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
    myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
    myisam_repair_threads = 1
    myisam_recover
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    innodb_file_io_threads = 8
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
    innodb_log_file_size = 512M
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
    [mysqld3]
    socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    port = 3308
    pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.pid
    datadir = /data/dbdata_3308
    user = mysql
    skip-name-resolve
    lower_case_table_names=1
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    back_log = 50
    max_connections = 300
    max_connect_errors = 1000
    table_open_cache = 2048
    max_allowed_packet = 16M
    binlog_cache_size = 2M
    max_heap_table_size = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 2M
    join_buffer_size = 2M
    thread_cache_size = 64
    thread_concurrency = 8
    query_cache_size = 64M
    query_cache_limit = 2M
    ft_min_word_len = 4
    default-storage-engine = innodb
    thread_stack = 192K
    transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
    tmp_table_size = 64M
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    binlog_format=mixed
    slow_query_log
    long_query_time = 1
    server-id = 1
    key_buffer_size = 8M
    read_buffer_size = 2M
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
    myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
    myisam_repair_threads = 1
    myisam_recover
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    innodb_file_io_threads = 8
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
    innodb_log_file_size = 512M
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
    [mysqldump]
    quick
    max_allowed_packet = 256M
    [mysql]
    no-auto-rehash
    prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>
    [myisamchk]
    key_buffer_size = 512M
    sort_buffer_size = 512M
    read_buffer = 8M
    write_buffer = 8M
    [mysqlhotcopy]
    interactive-timeout
    [mysqld_safe]
    open-files-limit = 8192

mysqld_multi启动



    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3

或者采用一条命令的形式:



    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3

更改原来密码(处于安全考虑,还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号,这里省略了):



    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock


登录测试并创建admin密码(停止mysql的时候需要使用到)



    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
    flush privileges;
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
    flush privileges;
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
    GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
    flush privileges;

更改环境变量



    vim /etc/profile
    PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
    source /etc/profile

添加到自动启动



    vim /etc/init.d/boot.local
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3

如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

管理的话,在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock,如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别!
大家在管理多实例的话可以使用mysqlmanager实例管理器,管理器来会比较方面,限于篇幅,这里就不在多做介绍!

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