Redis数据持久化机制AOF原理分析一---转

nidr · 发表于 2015-7-20 14:16:25

　　http://blog.iyunv.com/acceptedxukai/article/details/18136903
　　http://blog.iyunv.com/acceptedxukai/article/details/18181563
　　本文所引用的源码全部来自Redis2.8.2版本。
　　Redis AOF数据持久化机制的实现相关代码是redis.c, redis.h, aof.c, bio.c, rio.c, config.c
　　在阅读本文之前请先阅读Redis数据持久化机制AOF原理分析之配置详解文章，了解AOF相关参数的解析，文章链接
　　http://blog.iyunv.com/acceptedxukai/article/details/18135219
　　转载请注明，文章出自http://blog.iyunv.com/acceptedxukai/article/details/18136903
　　下面将介绍AOF数据持久化机制的实现
　　
Server启动加载AOF文件数据
　　
　　Server启动加载AOF文件数据的执行步骤为:main() -> initServerConfig() -> loadServerConfig() -> initServer() -> loadDataFromDisk()。initServerConfig()主要为初始化默认的AOF参数配置；loadServerConfig()加载配置文件redis.conf中AOF的参数配置，覆盖Server的默认AOF参数配置，如果配置appendonly on，那么AOF数据持久化功能将被激活，server.aof_state参数被设置为REDIS_AOF_ON；loadDataFromDisk()判断server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON，结果为True就调用loadAppendOnlyFile函数加载AOF文件中的数据，加载的方法就是读取AOF文件中数据，由于AOF文件中存储的数据与客户端发送的请求格式相同完全符合Redis的通信协议，因此Server创建伪客户端fakeClient，将解析后的AOF文件数据像客户端请求一样调用各种指令，cmd->proc(fakeClient)，将AOF文件中的数据重现到Redis Server数据库中。
　　

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/* Function called at startup to load RDB or AOF file in memory. */
void loadDataFromDisk(void) {
long long start = ustime();
if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON) {
if (loadAppendOnlyFile(server.aof_filename) == REDIS_OK)
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"DB loaded from append only file: %.3f seconds",(float)(ustime()-start)/1000000);
} else {
if (rdbLoad(server.rdb_filename) == REDIS_OK) {
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"DB loaded from disk: %.3f seconds",
(float)(ustime()-start)/1000000);
} else if (errno != ENOENT) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Fatal error loading the DB: %s. Exiting.",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
}
}

　　Server首先判断加载AOF文件是因为AOF文件中的数据要比RDB文件中的数据要新。
　　
　　

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int loadAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) {
struct redisClient *fakeClient;
FILE *fp = fopen(filename,"r");
struct redis_stat sb;
int old_aof_state = server.aof_state;
long loops = 0;
//redis_fstat就是fstat64函数，通过fileno(fp)得到文件描述符，获取文件的状态存储于sb中，
//具体可以参考stat函数，st_size就是文件的字节数
if (fp && redis_fstat(fileno(fp),&sb) != -1 && sb.st_size == 0) {
server.aof_current_size = 0;
fclose(fp);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
if (fp == NULL) {//打开文件失败
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Fatal error: can't open the append log file for reading: %s",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
/* Temporarily disable AOF, to prevent EXEC from feeding a MULTI
* to the same file we're about to read. */
server.aof_state = REDIS_AOF_OFF;
fakeClient = createFakeClient(); //建立伪终端
startLoading(fp); // 定义于 rdb.c ，更新服务器的载入状态
while(1) {
int argc, j;
unsigned long len;
robj **argv;
char buf[128];
sds argsds;
struct redisCommand *cmd;
/* Serve the clients from time to time */
// 有间隔地处理外部请求，ftello()函数得到文件的当前位置，返回值为long
if (!(loops++ % 1000)) {
loadingProgress(ftello(fp));//保存aof文件读取的位置，ftellno(fp)获取文件当前位置
aeProcessEvents(server.el, AE_FILE_EVENTS|AE_DONT_WAIT);//处理事件
}
//按行读取AOF数据
if (fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp) == NULL) {
if (feof(fp))//达到文件尾EOF
break;
else
goto readerr;
}
//读取AOF文件中的命令，依照Redis的协议处理
if (buf[0] != '*') goto fmterr;
argc = atoi(buf+1);//参数个数
if (argc < 1) goto fmterr;
argv = zmalloc(sizeof(robj*)*argc);//参数值
for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
if (fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp) == NULL) goto readerr;
if (buf[0] != '$') goto fmterr;
len = strtol(buf+1,NULL,10);//每个bulk的长度
argsds = sdsnewlen(NULL,len);//新建一个空sds
//按照bulk的长度读取
if (len && fread(argsds,len,1,fp) == 0) goto fmterr;
argv[j] = createObject(REDIS_STRING,argsds);
if (fread(buf,2,1,fp) == 0) goto fmterr; /* discard CRLF 跳过\r\n*/
}
/* Command lookup */
cmd = lookupCommand(argv[0]->ptr);
if (!cmd) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unknown command '%s' reading the append only file", (char*)argv[0]->ptr);
exit(1);
}
/* Run the command in the context of a fake client */
fakeClient->argc = argc;
fakeClient->argv = argv;
cmd->proc(fakeClient);//执行命令
/* The fake client should not have a reply */
redisAssert(fakeClient->bufpos == 0 && listLength(fakeClient->reply) == 0);
/* The fake client should never get blocked */
redisAssert((fakeClient->flags & REDIS_BLOCKED) == 0);
/* Clean up. Command code may have changed argv/argc so we use the
* argv/argc of the client instead of the local variables. */
for (j = 0; j < fakeClient->argc; j++)
decrRefCount(fakeClient->argv[j]);
zfree(fakeClient->argv);
}
/* This point can only be reached when EOF is reached without errors.
* If the client is in the middle of a MULTI/EXEC, log error and quit. */
if (fakeClient->flags & REDIS_MULTI) goto readerr;
fclose(fp);
freeFakeClient(fakeClient);
server.aof_state = old_aof_state;
stopLoading();
aofUpdateCurrentSize(); //更新server.aof_current_size，AOF文件大小
server.aof_rewrite_base_size = server.aof_current_size;
return REDIS_OK;
…………
}

　　在前面一篇关于AOF参数配置的博客遗留了一个问题，server.aof_current_size参数的初始化，下面解决这个疑问。
　　
　　

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void aofUpdateCurrentSize(void) {
struct redis_stat sb;
if (redis_fstat(server.aof_fd,&sb) == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unable to obtain the AOF file length. stat: %s",
strerror(errno));
} else {
server.aof_current_size = sb.st_size;
}
}

　　redis_fstat是作者对Linux中fstat64函数的重命名，该还是就是获取文件相关的参数信息，具体可以Google之，sb.st_size就是当前AOF文件的大小。这里需要知道server.aof_fd即AOF文件描述符，该参数的初始化在initServer()函数中
　　
　　

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/* Open the AOF file if needed. */
if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON) {
server.aof_fd = open(server.aof_filename,O_WRONLY|O_APPEND|O_CREAT,0644);
if (server.aof_fd == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Can't open the append-only file: %s",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
}

　　
　　
　　至此，Redis Server启动加载硬盘中AOF文件数据的操作就成功结束了。
　　
　　
Server数据库产生新数据如何持久化到硬盘
　　
当客户端执行Set等修改数据库中字段的指令时就会造成Server数据库中数据被修改，这些修改的数据应该被实时更新到AOF文件中，并且也要按照一定的fsync机制刷新到硬盘中，保证数据不会丢失。
　　
　　在上一篇博客中，提到了三种fsync方式:appendfsync always, appendfsync everysec, appendfsync no. 具体体现在server.aof_fsync参数中。
　　首先看当客户端请求的指令造成数据被修改，Redis是如何将修改数据的指令添加到server.aof_buf中的。
　　call() -> propagate() -> feedAppendOnlyFile()，call()函数判断执行指令后是否造成数据被修改。
　　feedAppendOnlyFile函数首先会判断Server是否开启了AOF，如果开启AOF，那么根据Redis通讯协议将修改数据的指令重现成请求的字符串，注意在超时设置的处理方式，接着将字符串append到server.aof_buf中即可。该函数最后两行代码需要注意，这才是重点，如果server.aof_child_pid != -1那么表明此时Server正在重写rewrite AOF文件，需要将被修改的数据追加到server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks链表中，等待rewrite结束后，追加到AOF文件中。具体见下面代码的注释。

　　

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/* Propagate the specified command (in the context of the specified database id)
* to AOF and Slaves.
*
* flags are an xor between:
* + REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE (no propagation of command at all)
* + REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF (propagate into the AOF file if is enabled)
* + REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL (propagate into the replication link)
*/
void propagate(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dbid, robj **argv, int argc,
int flags)
{
//将cmd指令变动的数据追加到AOF文件中
if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF && flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF)
feedAppendOnlyFile(cmd,dbid,argv,argc);
if (flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL)
replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,dbid,argv,argc);
}

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//cmd指令修改了数据，先将更新的数据写到server.aof_buf中
void feedAppendOnlyFile(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dictid, robj **argv, int argc) {
sds buf = sdsempty();
robj *tmpargv[3];
/* The DB this command was targeting is not the same as the last command
* we appendend. To issue a SELECT command is needed. */
// 当前 db 不是指定的 aof db，通过创建 SELECT 命令来切换数据库
if (dictid != server.aof_selected_db) {
char seldb[64];
snprintf(seldb,sizeof(seldb),"%d",dictid);
buf = sdscatprintf(buf,"*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n$%lu\r\n%s\r\n",
(unsigned long)strlen(seldb),seldb);
server.aof_selected_db = dictid;
}
// 将 EXPIRE / PEXPIRE / EXPIREAT 命令翻译为 PEXPIREAT 命令
if (cmd->proc == expireCommand || cmd->proc == pexpireCommand ||
cmd->proc == expireatCommand) {
/* Translate EXPIRE/PEXPIRE/EXPIREAT into PEXPIREAT */
buf = catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(buf,cmd,argv[1],argv[2]);
}// 将 SETEX / PSETEX 命令翻译为 SET 和 PEXPIREAT 组合命令
else if (cmd->proc == setexCommand || cmd->proc == psetexCommand) {
/* Translate SETEX/PSETEX to SET and PEXPIREAT */
tmpargv[0] = createStringObject("SET",3);
tmpargv[1] = argv[1];
tmpargv[2] = argv[3];
buf = catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(buf,3,tmpargv);
decrRefCount(tmpargv[0]);
buf = catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(buf,cmd,argv[1],argv[2]);
} else {//其他的指令直接追加
/* All the other commands don't need translation or need the
* same translation already operated in the command vector
* for the replication itself. */
buf = catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(buf,argc,argv);
}
/* Append to the AOF buffer. This will be flushed on disk just before
* of re-entering the event loop, so before the client will get a
* positive reply about the operation performed. */
// 将 buf 追加到服务器的 aof_buf 末尾，在beforeSleep中写到AOF文件中，并且根据情况fsync刷新到硬盘
if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON)
server.aof_buf = sdscatlen(server.aof_buf,buf,sdslen(buf));
/* If a background append only file rewriting is in progress we want to
* accumulate the differences between the child DB and the current one
* in a buffer, so that when the child process will do its work we
* can append the differences to the new append only file. */
//如果server.aof_child_pid不为1，那就说明有快照进程正在写数据到临时文件(已经开始rewrite)，
//那么必须先将这段时间接收到的指令更新的数据先暂时存储起来，等到快照进程完成任务后，
//将这部分数据写入到AOF文件末尾，保证数据不丢失
//解释为什么需要aof_rewrite_buf_blocks，当server在进行rewrite时即读取所有数据库中的数据，
//有些数据已经写到新的AOF文件，但是此时客户端执行指令又将该值修改了，因此造成了差异
if (server.aof_child_pid != -1)
aofRewriteBufferAppend((unsigned char*)buf,sdslen(buf));
/*这里说一下server.aof_buf和server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks的区别
aof_buf是正常情况下aof文件打开的时候，会不断将这份数据写入到AOF文件中。
aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 是如果用户主动触发了写AOF文件的命令时，比如 config set appendonly yes命令
那么redis会fork创建一个后台进程,也就是当时的数据快照，然后将数据写入到一个临时文件中去。
在此期间发送的命令，我们需要把它们记录起来，等后台进程完成AOF临时文件写后，serverCron定时任务
感知到这个退出动作，然后就会调用backgroundRewriteDoneHandler进而调用aofRewriteBufferWrite函数，
将aof_rewrite_buf_blocks上面的数据，也就是diff数据写入到临时AOF文件中，然后再unlink替换正常的AOF文件。
因此可以知道，aof_buf一般情况下比aof_rewrite_buf_blocks要少，
但开始的时候可能aof_buf包含一些后者不包含的前面部分数据。*/
sdsfree(buf);
}

　　
　　
　　Server在每次事件循环之前会调用一次beforeSleep函数，下面看看这个函数做了什么工作？
　　

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/* This function gets called every time Redis is entering the
* main loop of the event driven library, that is, before to sleep
* for ready file descriptors. */
void beforeSleep(struct aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {
REDIS_NOTUSED(eventLoop);
listNode *ln;
redisClient *c;
/* Run a fast expire cycle (the called function will return
* ASAP if a fast cycle is not needed). */
if (server.active_expire_enabled && server.masterhost == NULL)
activeExpireCycle(ACTIVE_EXPIRE_CYCLE_FAST);
/* Try to process pending commands for clients that were just unblocked. */
while (listLength(server.unblocked_clients)) {
ln = listFirst(server.unblocked_clients);
redisAssert(ln != NULL);
c = ln->value;
listDelNode(server.unblocked_clients,ln);
c->flags &= ~REDIS_UNBLOCKED;
/* Process remaining data in the input buffer. */
//处理客户端在阻塞期间接收到的客户端发送的请求
if (c->querybuf && sdslen(c->querybuf) > 0) {
server.current_client = c;
processInputBuffer(c);
server.current_client = NULL;
}
}
/* Write the AOF buffer on disk */
//将server.aof_buf中的数据追加到AOF文件中并fsync到硬盘上
flushAppendOnlyFile(0);
}

　　通过上面的代码及注释可以发现，beforeSleep函数做了三件事：1、处理过期键，2、处理阻塞期间的客户端请求，3、将server.aof_buf中的数据追加到AOF文件中并fsync刷新到硬盘上，flushAppendOnlyFile函数给定了一个参数force，表示是否强制写入AOF文件，0表示非强制即支持延迟写，1表示强制写入。
　　
　　

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void flushAppendOnlyFile(int force) {
ssize_t nwritten;
int sync_in_progress = 0;
if (sdslen(server.aof_buf) == 0) return;
// 返回后台正在等待执行的 fsync 数量
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC)
sync_in_progress = bioPendingJobsOfType(REDIS_BIO_AOF_FSYNC) != 0;
// AOF 模式为每秒 fsync ，并且 force 不为 1 如果可以的话，推延冲洗
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC && !force) {
/* With this append fsync policy we do background fsyncing.
* If the fsync is still in progress we can try to delay
* the write for a couple of seconds. */
// 如果 aof_fsync 队列里已经有正在等待的任务
if (sync_in_progress) {
// 上一次没有推迟冲洗过，记录推延的当前时间，然后返回
if (server.aof_flush_postponed_start == 0) {
/* No previous write postponinig, remember that we are
* postponing the flush and return. */
server.aof_flush_postponed_start = server.unixtime;
return;
} else if (server.unixtime - server.aof_flush_postponed_start < 2) {
// 允许在两秒之内的推延冲洗
/* We were already waiting for fsync to finish, but for less
* than two seconds this is still ok. Postpone again. */
return;
}
/* Otherwise fall trough, and go write since we can't wait
* over two seconds. */
server.aof_delayed_fsync++;
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Asynchronous AOF fsync is taking too long (disk is busy?). Writing the AOF buffer without waiting for fsync to complete, this may slow down Redis.");
}
}
/* If you are following this code path, then we are going to write so
* set reset the postponed flush sentinel to zero. */
server.aof_flush_postponed_start = 0;
/* We want to perform a single write. This should be guaranteed atomic
* at least if the filesystem we are writing is a real physical one.
* While this will save us against the server being killed I don't think
* there is much to do about the whole server stopping for power problems
* or alike */
// 将 AOF 缓存写入到文件，如果一切幸运的话，写入会原子性地完成
nwritten = write(server.aof_fd,server.aof_buf,sdslen(server.aof_buf));
if (nwritten != (signed)sdslen(server.aof_buf)) {//出错
/* Ooops, we are in troubles. The best thing to do for now is
* aborting instead of giving the illusion that everything is
* working as expected. */
if (nwritten == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Exiting on error writing to the append-only file: %s",strerror(errno));
} else {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Exiting on short write while writing to "
"the append-only file: %s (nwritten=%ld, "
"expected=%ld)",
strerror(errno),
(long)nwritten,
(long)sdslen(server.aof_buf));
if (ftruncate(server.aof_fd, server.aof_current_size) == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Could not remove short write "
"from the append-only file. Redis may refuse "
"to load the AOF the next time it starts. "
"ftruncate: %s", strerror(errno));
}
}
exit(1);
}
server.aof_current_size += nwritten;
/* Re-use AOF buffer when it is small enough. The maximum comes from the
* arena size of 4k minus some overhead (but is otherwise arbitrary). */
// 如果 aof 缓存不是太大，那么重用它，否则，清空 aof 缓存
if ((sdslen(server.aof_buf)+sdsavail(server.aof_buf)) < 4000) {
sdsclear(server.aof_buf);
} else {
sdsfree(server.aof_buf);
server.aof_buf = sdsempty();
}
/* Don't fsync if no-appendfsync-on-rewrite is set to yes and there are
* children doing I/O in the background. */
//aof rdb子进程运行中不支持fsync并且aof rdb子进程正在运行，那么直接返回，
//但是数据已经写到aof文件中，只是没有刷新到硬盘
if (server.aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite &&
(server.aof_child_pid != -1 || server.rdb_child_pid != -1))
return;
/* Perform the fsync if needed. */
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS) {//总是fsync，那么直接进行fsync
/* aof_fsync is defined as fdatasync() for Linux in order to avoid
* flushing metadata. */
aof_fsync(server.aof_fd); /* Let's try to get this data on the disk */
server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
} else if ((server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC &&
server.unixtime > server.aof_last_fsync)) {
if (!sync_in_progress) aof_background_fsync(server.aof_fd);//放到后台线程进行fsync
server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
}
}

　　上述代码中请关注server.aof_fsync参数，即设置Redis fsync AOF文件到硬盘的策略，如果设置为AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS，那么直接在主进程中fsync，如果设置为AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC，那么放入后台线程中fsync，后台线程的代码在bio.c中。
　　
　　
小结
　　文章写到这，已经解决的了Redis Server启动加载AOF文件和如何将客户端请求产生的新的数据追加到AOF文件中，对于追加数据到AOF文件中，根据fsync的配置策略如何将写入到AOF文件中的新数据刷新到硬盘中，直接在主进程中fsync或是在后台线程fsync。
　　至此，AOF数据持久化还剩下如何rewrite AOF，接受客户端发送的BGREWRITEAOF请求，此部分内容待下篇博客中解析。
　　感谢此篇博客给我在理解Redis AOF数据持久化方面的巨大帮助，http://chenzhenianqing.cn/articles/786.html
　　本人Redis-2.8.2的源码注释已经放到Github中，有需要的读者可以下载，我也会在后续的时间中更新，https://github.com/xkeyideal/annotated-redis-2.8.2
　　本人不怎么会使用Git，望有人能教我一下。
　　
　　--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　本文所引用的源码全部来自Redis2.8.2版本。
　　Redis AOF数据持久化机制的实现相关代码是redis.c, redis.h, aof.c, bio.c, rio.c, config.c
　　在阅读本文之前请先阅读Redis数据持久化机制AOF原理分析之配置详解文章，了解AOF相关参数的解析，文章链接
　　http://blog.iyunv.com/acceptedxukai/article/details/18135219
　　接着上一篇文章，本文将介绍Redis是如何实现AOF rewrite的。
　　转载请注明，文章出自http://blog.iyunv.com/acceptedxukai/article/details/18181563
　　
AOF rewrite的触发机制
　　
　　如果Redis只是将客户端修改数据库的指令重现存储在AOF文件中，那么AOF文件的大小会不断的增加，因为AOF文件只是简单的重现存储了客户端的指令，而并没有进行合并。对于该问题最简单的处理方式，即当AOF文件满足一定条件时就对AOF进行rewrite，rewrite是根据当前内存数据库中的数据进行遍历写到一个临时的AOF文件，待写完后替换掉原来的AOF文件即可。
　　
　　Redis触发AOF rewrite机制有三种：
　　1、Redis Server接收到客户端发送的BGREWRITEAOF指令请求，如果当前AOF/RDB数据持久化没有在执行，那么执行，反之，等当前AOF/RDB数据持久化结束后执行AOF rewrite
　　2、在Redis配置文件redis.conf中，用户设置了auto-aof-rewrite-percentage和auto-aof-rewrite-min-size参数，并且当前AOF文件大小server.aof_current_size大于auto-aof-rewrite-min-size(server.aof_rewrite_min_size)，同时AOF文件大小的增长率大于auto-aof-rewrite-percentage(server.aof_rewrite_perc)时，会自动触发AOF rewrite
　　3、用户设置“config set appendonly yes”开启AOF的时，调用startAppendOnly函数会触发rewrite
　　下面分别介绍上述三种机制的处理.
　　
接收到BGREWRITEAOF指令

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

void bgrewriteaofCommand(redisClient *c) {
//AOF rewrite正在执行，那么直接返回
if (server.aof_child_pid != -1) {
addReplyError(c,"Background append only file rewriting already in progress");
} else if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) {
//AOF rewrite未执行，但RDB数据持久化正在执行，那么设置AOF rewrite状态为scheduled
//待RDB结束后执行AOF rewrite
server.aof_rewrite_scheduled = 1;
addReplyStatus(c,"Background append only file rewriting scheduled");
} else if (rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground() == REDIS_OK) {
//直接执行AOF rewrite
addReplyStatus(c,"Background append only file rewriting started");
} else {
addReply(c,shared.err);
}
}

当AOF rewrite请求被挂起时，在serverCron函数中，会处理。

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

/* Start a scheduled AOF rewrite if this was requested by the user while
* a BGSAVE was in progress. */
// 如果用户执行 BGREWRITEAOF 命令的话，在后台开始 AOF 重写
//当用户执行BGREWRITEAOF命令时，如果RDB文件正在写，那么将server.aof_rewrite_scheduled标记为1
//当RDB文件写完后开启AOF rewrite
if (server.rdb_child_pid == -1 && server.aof_child_pid == -1 &&
server.aof_rewrite_scheduled)
{
rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground();
}

Server自动对AOF进行rewrite

在serverCron函数中会周期性判断

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

/* Trigger an AOF rewrite if needed */
//满足一定条件rewrite AOF文件
if (server.rdb_child_pid == -1 &&
server.aof_child_pid == -1 &&
server.aof_rewrite_perc &&
server.aof_current_size > server.aof_rewrite_min_size)
{
long long base = server.aof_rewrite_base_size ?
server.aof_rewrite_base_size : 1;
long long growth = (server.aof_current_size*100/base) - 100;
if (growth >= server.aof_rewrite_perc) {
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Starting automatic rewriting of AOF on %lld%% growth",growth);
rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground();
}
}

config set appendonly yes

当客户端发送该指令时，config.c中的configSetCommand函数会做出响应，startAppendOnly函数会执行AOF rewrite

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[2]->ptr,"appendonly")) {
int enable = yesnotoi(o->ptr);
if (enable == -1) goto badfmt;
if (enable == 0 && server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF) {//appendonly no 关闭AOF
stopAppendOnly();
} else if (enable && server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_OFF) {//appendonly yes rewrite AOF
if (startAppendOnly() == REDIS_ERR) {
addReplyError(c,
"Unable to turn on AOF. Check server logs.");
return;
}
}
}

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

int startAppendOnly(void) {
server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
server.aof_fd = open(server.aof_filename,O_WRONLY|O_APPEND|O_CREAT,0644);
redisAssert(server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_OFF);
if (server.aof_fd == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Redis needs to enable the AOF but can't open the append only file: %s",strerror(errno));
return REDIS_ERR;
}
if (rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground() == REDIS_ERR) {//rewrite
close(server.aof_fd);
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Redis needs to enable the AOF but can't trigger a background AOF rewrite operation. Check the above logs for more info about the error.");
return REDIS_ERR;
}
/* We correctly switched on AOF, now wait for the rerwite to be complete
* in order to append data on disk. */
server.aof_state = REDIS_AOF_WAIT_REWRITE;
return REDIS_OK;
}

Redis AOF rewrite机制的实现
从上述分析可以看出rewrite的实现全部依靠rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground函数，下面分析该函数，通过下面的代码可以看出，Redis是fork出一个子进程来操作AOF rewrite，然后子进程调用rewriteAppendOnlyFile函数，将数据写到一个临时文件temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof中。如果子进程完成会通过exit(0)函数通知父进程rewrite结束，在serverCron函数中使用wait3函数接收子进程退出状态，然后执行后续的AOF rewrite的收尾工作，后面将会分析。
父进程的工作主要包括清楚server.aof_rewrite_scheduled标志，记录子进程IDserver.aof_child_pid = childpid，记录rewrite的开始时间server.aof_rewrite_time_start = time(NULL)等。

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

int rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground(void) {
pid_t childpid;
long long start;
// 后台重写正在执行
if (server.aof_child_pid != -1) return REDIS_ERR;
start = ustime();
if ((childpid = fork()) == 0) {
char tmpfile[256];
/* Child */
closeListeningSockets(0);//
redisSetProcTitle("redis-aof-rewrite");
snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof", (int) getpid());
if (rewriteAppendOnlyFile(tmpfile) == REDIS_OK) {
size_t private_dirty = zmalloc_get_private_dirty();
if (private_dirty) {
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
"AOF rewrite: %zu MB of memory used by copy-on-write",
private_dirty/(1024*1024));
}
exitFromChild(0);
} else {
exitFromChild(1);
}
} else {
/* Parent */
server.stat_fork_time = ustime()-start;
if (childpid == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Can't rewrite append only file in background: fork: %s",
strerror(errno));
return REDIS_ERR;
}
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
"Background append only file rewriting started by pid %d",childpid);
server.aof_rewrite_scheduled = 0;
server.aof_rewrite_time_start = time(NULL);
server.aof_child_pid = childpid;
updateDictResizePolicy();
/* We set appendseldb to -1 in order to force the next call to the
* feedAppendOnlyFile() to issue a SELECT command, so the differences
* accumulated by the parent into server.aof_rewrite_buf will start
* with a SELECT statement and it will be safe to merge. */
server.aof_selected_db = -1;
replicationScriptCacheFlush();
return REDIS_OK;
}
return REDIS_OK; /* unreached */
}

接下来介绍rewriteAppendOnlyFile函数，该函数的主要工作为：遍历所有数据库中的数据，将其写入到临时文件temp-rewriteaof-%d.aof中，写入函数定义在rio.c中，比较简单，然后将数据刷新到硬盘中，然后将文件名rename为其调用者给定的临时文件名，注意仔细看代码，这里并没有修改为正式的AOF文件名。
在写入文件时如果设置server.aof_rewrite_incremental_fsync参数，那么在rioWrite函数中fwrite部分数据就会将数据fsync到硬盘中，来保证数据的正确性。

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

int rewriteAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) {
dictIterator *di = NULL;
dictEntry *de;
rio aof;
FILE *fp;
char tmpfile[256];
int j;
long long now = mstime();
/* Note that we have to use a different temp name here compared to the
* one used by rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground() function. */
snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-rewriteaof-%d.aof", (int) getpid());
fp = fopen(tmpfile,"w");
if (!fp) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Opening the temp file for AOF rewrite in rewriteAppendOnlyFile(): %s", strerror(errno));
return REDIS_ERR;
}
rioInitWithFile(&aof,fp); //初始化读写函数，rio.c
//设置r->io.file.autosync = bytes;每32M刷新一次
if (server.aof_rewrite_incremental_fsync)
rioSetAutoSync(&aof,REDIS_AOF_AUTOSYNC_BYTES);
for (j = 0; j < server.dbnum; j++) {//遍历每个数据库
char selectcmd[] = "*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n";
redisDb *db = server.db+j;
dict *d = db->dict;
if (dictSize(d) == 0) continue;
di = dictGetSafeIterator(d);
if (!di) {
fclose(fp);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
/* SELECT the new DB */
if (rioWrite(&aof,selectcmd,sizeof(selectcmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkLongLong(&aof,j) == 0) goto werr;
/* Iterate this DB writing every entry */
while((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
sds keystr;
robj key, *o;
long long expiretime;
keystr = dictGetKey(de);
o = dictGetVal(de);
initStaticStringObject(key,keystr);
expiretime = getExpire(db,&key);
/* If this key is already expired skip it */
if (expiretime != -1 && expiretime < now) continue;
/* Save the key and associated value */
if (o->type == REDIS_STRING) {
/* Emit a SET command */
char cmd[]="*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n";
if (rioWrite(&aof,cmd,sizeof(cmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
/* Key and value */
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,&key) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_LIST) {
if (rewriteListObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_SET) {
if (rewriteSetObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_ZSET) {
if (rewriteSortedSetObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_HASH) {
if (rewriteHashObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else {
redisPanic("Unknown object type");
}
/* Save the expire time */
if (expiretime != -1) {
char cmd[]="*3\r\n$9\r\nPEXPIREAT\r\n";
if (rioWrite(&aof,cmd,sizeof(cmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,&key) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkLongLong(&aof,expiretime) == 0) goto werr;
}
}
dictReleaseIterator(di);
}
/* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */
fflush(fp);
aof_fsync(fileno(fp));//将tempfile文件刷新到硬盘
fclose(fp);
/* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only
* if the generate DB file is ok. */
if (rename(tmpfile,filename) == -1) {//重命名文件名，注意rename后的文件也是一个临时文件
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error moving temp append only file on the final destination: %s", strerror(errno));
unlink(tmpfile);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"SYNC append only file rewrite performed");
return REDIS_OK;
werr:
fclose(fp);
unlink(tmpfile);
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error writing append only file on disk: %s", strerror(errno));
if (di) dictReleaseIterator(di);
return REDIS_ERR;
}

AOF rewrite工作到这里已经结束一半，上一篇文章提到如果server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF，那么就会将客户端请求指令修改的数据通过feedAppendOnlyFile函数追加到AOF文件中，那么此时AOF已经rewrite了，必须要处理此时出现的差异数据，记得在feedAppendOnlyFile函数中有这么一段代码

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

if (server.aof_child_pid != -1)
aofRewriteBufferAppend((unsigned char*)buf,sdslen(buf));

如果AOF rewrite正在进行，那么就将修改数据的指令字符串存储到server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks链表中，等待AOF rewrite子进程结束后处理，处理此部分数据的代码在serverCron函数中。需要指出的是wait3函数我不了解，可能下面注释会有点问题。

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

/* Check if a background saving or AOF rewrite in progress terminated. */
//如果RDB bgsave或AOF rewrite子进程已经执行,通过获取子进程的退出状态，对后续的工作进行处理
if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1 || server.aof_child_pid != -1) {//
int statloc;
pid_t pid;
if ((pid = wait3(&statloc,WNOHANG,NULL)) != 0) {
int exitcode = WEXITSTATUS(statloc);//获取退出的状态
int bysignal = 0;
if (WIFSIGNALED(statloc)) bysignal = WTERMSIG(statloc);
if (pid == server.rdb_child_pid) {
backgroundSaveDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal);
} else if (pid == server.aof_child_pid) {
backgroundRewriteDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal);
} else {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Warning, detected child with unmatched pid: %ld",
(long)pid);
}
// 如果 BGSAVE 和 BGREWRITEAOF 都已经完成，那么重新开始 REHASH
updateDictResizePolicy();
}
}

对于AOF rewrite期间出现的差异数据，Server通过backgroundSaveDoneHandler函数将server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks链表中数据追加到新的AOF文件中。
backgroundSaveDoneHandler函数执行步骤：

1、通过判断子进程的退出状态，正确的退出状态为exit(0)，即exitcode为0，bysignal我不清楚具体意义，如果退出状态正确，backgroundSaveDoneHandler函数才会开始处理
2、通过对rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground函数的分析，可以知道rewrite后的AOF临时文件名为temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof(%d=server.aof_child_pid)中，接着需要打开此临时文件
3、调用aofRewriteBufferWrite函数将server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks中差异数据写到该临时文件中
4、如果旧的AOF文件未打开，那么打开旧的AOF文件，将文件描述符赋值给临时变量oldfd
5、将临时的AOF文件名rename为正常的AOF文件名
6、如果旧的AOF文件未打开，那么此时只需要关闭新的AOF文件，此时的server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks数据应该为空；如果旧的AOF是打开的，那么将server.aof_fd指向newfd,然后根据相应的fsync策略将数据刷新到硬盘上
7、调用aofUpdateCurrentSize函数统计AOF文件的大小，更新server.aof_rewrite_base_size，为serverCron中自动AOF rewrite做相应判断
8、如果之前是REDIS_AOF_WAIT_REWRITE状态，则设置server.aof_state为REDIS_AOF_ON，因为只有“config set appendonly yes”指令才会设置这个状态，也就是需要写完快照后，立即打开AOF；而BGREWRITEAOF不需要打开AOF
9、调用后台线程去关闭旧的AOF文件
下面是backgroundSaveDoneHandler函数的注释代码

[cpp] view plaincopyprint?

/* A background append only file rewriting (BGREWRITEAOF) terminated its work.
* Handle this. */
void backgroundRewriteDoneHandler(int exitcode, int bysignal) {
if (!bysignal && exitcode == 0) {//子进程退出状态正确
int newfd, oldfd;
char tmpfile[256];
long long now = ustime();
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
"Background AOF rewrite terminated with success");
/* Flush the differences accumulated by the parent to the
* rewritten AOF. */
snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof",
(int)server.aof_child_pid);
newfd = open(tmpfile,O_WRONLY|O_APPEND);
if (newfd == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Unable to open the temporary AOF produced by the child: %s", strerror(errno));
goto cleanup;
}
//处理server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks中DIFF数据
if (aofRewriteBufferWrite(newfd) == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Error trying to flush the parent diff to the rewritten AOF: %s", strerror(errno));
close(newfd);
goto cleanup;
}
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
"Parent diff successfully flushed to the rewritten AOF (%lu bytes)", aofRewriteBufferSize());
/* The only remaining thing to do is to rename the temporary file to
* the configured file and switch the file descriptor used to do AOF
* writes. We don't want close(2) or rename(2) calls to block the
* server on old file deletion.
*
* There are two possible scenarios:
*
* 1) AOF is DISABLED and this was a one time rewrite. The temporary
* file will be renamed to the configured file. When this file already
* exists, it will be unlinked, which may block the server.
*
* 2) AOF is ENABLED and the rewritten AOF will immediately start
* receiving writes. After the temporary file is renamed to the
* configured file, the original AOF file descriptor will be closed.
* Since this will be the last reference to that file, closing it
* causes the underlying file to be unlinked, which may block the
* server.
*
* To mitigate the blocking effect of the unlink operation (either
* caused by rename(2) in scenario 1, or by close(2) in scenario 2), we
* use a background thread to take care of this. First, we
* make scenario 1 identical to scenario 2 by opening the target file
* when it exists. The unlink operation after the rename(2) will then
* be executed upon calling close(2) for its descriptor. Everything to
* guarantee atomicity for this switch has already happened by then, so
* we don't care what the outcome or duration of that close operation
* is, as long as the file descriptor is released again. */
if (server.aof_fd == -1) {
/* AOF disabled */
/* Don't care if this fails: oldfd will be -1 and we handle that.
* One notable case of -1 return is if the old file does
* not exist. */
oldfd = open(server.aof_filename,O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK);
} else {
/* AOF enabled */
oldfd = -1; /* We'll set this to the current AOF filedes later. */
}
/* Rename the temporary file. This will not unlink the target file if
* it exists, because we reference it with "oldfd". */
//把临时文件改名为正常的AOF文件名。由于当前oldfd已经指向这个之前的正常文件名的文件，
//所以当前不会造成unlink操作，得等那个oldfd被close的时候，内核判断该文件没有指向了，就删除之。
if (rename(tmpfile,server.aof_filename) == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Error trying to rename the temporary AOF file: %s", strerror(errno));
close(newfd);
if (oldfd != -1) close(oldfd);
goto cleanup;
}
//如果AOF关闭了，那只要处理新文件，直接关闭这个新的文件即可
//但是这里会不会导致服务器卡呢?这个newfd应该是临时文件的最后一个fd了，不会的，
//因为这个文件在本函数不会写入数据，因为stopAppendOnly函数会清空aof_rewrite_buf_blocks列表。
if (server.aof_fd == -1) {
/* AOF disabled, we don't need to set the AOF file descriptor
* to this new file, so we can close it. */
close(newfd);
} else {
/* AOF enabled, replace the old fd with the new one. */
oldfd = server.aof_fd;
//指向新的fd，此时这个fd由于上面的rename语句存在，已经为正常aof文件名
server.aof_fd = newfd;
//fsync到硬盘
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS)
aof_fsync(newfd);
else if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC)
aof_background_fsync(newfd);
server.aof_selected_db = -1; /* Make sure SELECT is re-issued */
aofUpdateCurrentSize();
server.aof_rewrite_base_size = server.aof_current_size;
/* Clear regular AOF buffer since its contents was just written to
* the new AOF from the background rewrite buffer. */
//rewrite得到的肯定是最新的数据，所以aof_buf中的数据没有意义，直接清空
sdsfree(server.aof_buf);
server.aof_buf = sdsempty();
}
server.aof_lastbgrewrite_status = REDIS_OK;
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "Background AOF rewrite finished successfully");
/* Change state from WAIT_REWRITE to ON if needed */
//下面判断是否需要打开AOF，比如bgrewriteaofCommand就不需要打开AOF。
if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_WAIT_REWRITE)
server.aof_state = REDIS_AOF_ON;
/* Asynchronously close the overwritten AOF. */
//让后台线程去关闭这个旧的AOF文件FD，只要CLOSE就行，会自动unlink的，因为上面已经有rename
if (oldfd != -1) bioCreateBackgroundJob(REDIS_BIO_CLOSE_FILE,(void*)(long)oldfd,NULL,NULL);
redisLog(REDIS_VERBOSE,
"Background AOF rewrite signal handler took %lldus", ustime()-now);
} else if (!bysignal && exitcode != 0) {
server.aof_lastbgrewrite_status = REDIS_ERR;
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Background AOF rewrite terminated with error");
} else {
server.aof_lastbgrewrite_status = REDIS_ERR;
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Background AOF rewrite terminated by signal %d", bysignal);
}
cleanup:
aofRewriteBufferReset();
aofRemoveTempFile(server.aof_child_pid);
server.aof_child_pid = -1;
server.aof_rewrite_time_last = time(NULL)-server.aof_rewrite_time_start;
server.aof_rewrite_time_start = -1;
/* Schedule a new rewrite if we are waiting for it to switch the AOF ON. */
if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_WAIT_REWRITE)
server.aof_rewrite_scheduled = 1;
}

至此，AOF数据持久化已经全部结束了，剩下的就是一些细节的处理，以及一些Linux库函数的理解，对于rename、unlink、wait3等库函数的深入认识就去问Google吧。
小结

Redis AOF数据持久化的实现机制通过三篇文章基本上比较详细的分析了，但这只是从代码层面去看AOF，对于AOF持久化的优缺点网上有很多分析，Redis的官方网站也有英文介绍，Redis的数据持久化还有一种方法叫RDB，更多RDB的内容等下次再分析。
感谢此篇博客给我在理解Redis AOF数据持久化方面的巨大帮助，http://chenzhenianqing.cn/articles/786.html，此篇博客对AOF的分析十分的详细。　　

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