django 部署，gunicorn、virtualenv、nginx

(^o^)/~完美

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　　使用gunicorn 来部署django
　　django写代码简单，但部署是个难题，今天终于发现gunicorn 这个好东西，与大家一起分享。
　　
　　环境：ubuntu 14.04 64bit + django 1.6.5 + virtualenv + gunicorn
　　
一、创建虚拟环境



root@recall:/home/www# pwd
/home/www
root@recall:/home/www# virtualenv bugenv

New python executable in bugenv/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.
root@recall:/home/www# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 21 12:34 ../
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:05 bugenv/
....................................(这一行是私人数据，这里不影响，所以不显示了)
　　
　　
二、进入虚拟环境



root@recall:/home/www# cd bugenv/
root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# source bin/activate
(bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv#
　　
　　三、下载django和gunicorn
pip install django==1.6.5
pip install gunicorn





1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install django==1.6.5
2 Downloading/unpacking django==1.6.5
3   Downloading Django-1.6.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.7MB): 6.7MB downloaded
4 Installing collected packages: django
5 Successfully installed django
6 Cleaning up...
7 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install gunicorn
8 Downloading/unpacking gunicorn
9   Downloading gunicorn-19.0.0.tar.gz (382kB): 382kB downloaded
10   Running setup.py (path:/home/www/bugenv/build/gunicorn/setup.py) egg_info for package gunicorn
11     
12     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'
13     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'
14     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'
15     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'
16     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'
17     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'
18 Installing collected packages: gunicorn
19   Running setup.py install for gunicorn
20     
21     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'
22     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'
23     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'
24     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'
25     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'
26     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'
27       File "/home/www/bugenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/gaiohttp.py", line 67
28         yield from self.wsgi.close()
29                  ^
30     SyntaxError: invalid syntax
31     
32     Installing gunicorn_paster script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
33     Installing gunicorn script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
34     Installing gunicorn_django script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
35 Successfully installed gunicorn
36 Cleaning up...
37 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv#
下载django和gunicorn　　四、创建django项目和django app
　　django-admin.py startproject bugproject
python manages.py startapp bugapp



1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# ls
2 bin include lib local
3 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# mkdir djcode
4 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# cd djcode/
5 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# django-admin.py startproject bugproject
6 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# cd bugproject/
7 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# python manage.py startapp bugapp
　　
　　
五、设置django 的settings.py文件
添加app，最后结果如下：



1 INSTALLED_APPS = (
2     'django.contrib.admin',
3     'django.contrib.auth',
4     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
5     'django.contrib.sessions',
6     'django.contrib.messages',
7     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
8     # add app
9     'bugapp',
10     'gunicorn',
11 )
　　
　　六、运行gunicorn



1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# pwd
2 /home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject
3 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010
　　如果没有问题，程序就挂起了。
如果你要操作其它东西，你最好使用nohup或screen
　　七、测试
　　7.1 我这里用的是nohup运行的(也就是说，上面六的最后一行命令变成了下面这一行)



1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# nohup gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010&
　　然后用tail查看nohup.out，没有任何信息就对了
　　7.2 查看端口



1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# netstat -lpnt
2 Active Internet connections (only servers)
3 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
5 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      772/nginx      
6 tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:1010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9842/python     
7 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:******          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8387/python     
8 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:*****           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      689/python        
9 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:****            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1013/python  
　　
　　我们使用的1010端口已经被占用了
　　7.3 使用curl 进行测试
root@recall:~# curl 127.0.0.1:1010
结果如下：



1
2
3   
4   Welcome to Django
5   
6     html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
7     body * { padding:10px 20px; }
8     body * * { padding:0; }
9     body { font:small sans-serif; }
10     body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
11     h1 { font-weight:normal; }
12     h2 { margin-bottom:.8em; }
13     h2 span { font-size:80%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
14     h3 { margin:1em 0 .5em 0; }
15     h4 { margin:0 0 .5em 0; font-weight: normal; }
16     table { border:1px solid #ccc; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; background:white; }
17     tbody td, tbody th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
18     thead th { padding:1px 6px 1px 3px; background:#fefefe; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:11px; border:1px solid #ddd; }
19     tbody th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
20     #summary { background: #e0ebff; }
21     #summary h2 { font-weight: normal; color: #666; }
22     #explanation { background:#eee; }
23     #instructions { background:#f6f6f6; }
24     #summary table { border:none; background:transparent; }
25   
26
27
28
29
30   It worked!
31   Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.
32
33
34
35   
36     Of course, you haven't actually done any work yet.
37     Next, start your first app by running python manage.py startapp [appname].
38   
39
40
41
42   
43     You're seeing this message because you have DEBUG = True in your
44     Django settings file and you haven't configured any URLs. Get to work!
45   
46
47
　　
　　八、配置nginx
8.1 只有127.0.0.1:1010能访问时不够的，我们还需要配置nginx
　　root@recall:~# vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf



1     server{
2         listen 80;
3         resolver 8.8.8.8;
4         server_name www.xxoo.com;
5
6         location / {
7                 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1010;
8                 proxy_set_header Host $host;
9                 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
10                 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
11         }
12     }
　　至于静态文件，自己百度、谷歌配置就好了。
　　8.2 测试配置文件



1 root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -t
2 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
3 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
　　
　　8.3 nginx 重新加载配置文件
root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s reload