Tomcat和apache的紧密结合

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Tomcat4.0.1最近刚刚发布，关于它如何集成在Apache中连Jakarta.apache.org的网站上还没有类似的文章，作者一拿到Tomcat4.0，便想着如何将这两个绝妙组合搭配在一起，因为Tomcat4.1支持jsp1.2和Servlet2.3，如果只把Tomcat作为一般调试程序用的工具的话，没有必要将它和Apache放在一起，但是如果作为商业用途来用的话，它的功能还略显单薄，所以我们需要一个强有力的Web服务器，为此，我选择了Apache。下面我就将这两者怎样结合写出来。
一、需要的软件：
1、Jdk1.3，这是所有Java程序必须的软件包
2、Apache Web Server 1.3以上，在http://www.52jsp.com可以下载 1.3.22，笔者就用它。
3、Mod_jk，这是Jakarta组织开发的使Apache支持Tomcat的插件，比ApacheJserv更强大，因为ApacheJserv只能用在Apache上，而不能用在别的WebServer 上，Mod_jk可以和很多服务器搭配起来用。大家可以到
http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat/release/v3.3/bin/win32/i386/处下载win32的mod_jk，也可以在http://www.52jsp.com下载。
4、Jakarta Tomcat4.0.1，这是Jakarta组织最新开发的支持Servlet2.3和jsp1.2的服务器。大家可以到http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat-4.0/release/v4.0.1/bin/ 处下载。
5、Jdk1.3，这是所有都必须的
二、安装：
1、安装Jdk，我将它安装到e:\jdk1.3下
2、安装Apache,安装它没有什么可说的，一路回车，不要忘了记住它的安装路径，我安装在E:\apache下。
3、安装Mod_jk，只要将下载的mod_jk.dllcopy到安装Apache目录下的libexec下就可以了。
4、安装Tomcat,下载的Win32版本是一个exe文件，没什么可说的，我将它安装在E:\Apache Tomcat 4.0这个目录下。
三、 配置
1、 首先，配置Jdk1.3,在你的环境变量里将JAVA_HOME设为E:\jdk1.3,具体做法为，WinNT/2000: 我的电脑?>属性?>高级?>环境变量，增加一个，值设为E:jdk1.3。如果为Win9X,那么手动修改Autoexec.bat增加Set JAVA_HOME=E:\jdk1.3，重启机器使设置生效。
2、 配置Apache，修改Httpd.conf，增加的内容如下：
LoadModule jk_module libexec/mod_jk.dll
AddModule mod_jk.c
JkWorkersFile "E:\Apache Tomcat 4.0\conf\workers.properties"
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel info
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
JkMount /*.jsp ajp13
JkMount /servlet/* ajp13
对于上面的配置我简单介绍一下，JkWorkersFile使指定mod_jk工作所需要的工作文件，JkMount后面是将所有和jsp和servlet的请求通过Apj13的协议送给Tomcat，让Tomcat来处理。
3、 在E:\Apache Tomcat4.0\conf目录下建一个worker.properties,如果你要是用过Tomcat3.2以上，将它里面的workers.properties拷贝过来也可以，但是要做相应的修改,workers.properties内容如下：
# $Header: /home/cvs/jakarta-tomcat/src/etc/Attic/workers.properties,v 1.3.2.2 2000/10/16 01http://www.trucy.org/bbs/html/emoticons/laugh.gif22 larryi Exp $
# $Revision: 1.3.2.2 $
# $Date: 2000/10/16 01http://www.trucy.org/bbs/html/emoticons/laugh.gif22 $
#
#
# workers.properties -
#
# This file provides jk derived plugins with with the needed information to
# connect to the different tomcat workers.
#
# As a general note, the characters $( and ) are used internally to define
# macros. Do not use them in your own configuration!!!
#
# Whenever you see a set of lines such as:
# x=value
# y=$(x)something
#
# the final value for y will be valuesomething
#
# Normaly all you will need to modify is the first properties, i.e.
# workers.tomcat_home, workers.java_home and ps. Most of the configuration
# is derived from these.
#
# When you are done updating workers.tomcat_home, workers.java_home and ps
# you should have 3 workers configured:
#
# - An ajp12 worker that connects to localhost:8007
# - An ajp13 worker that connects to localhost:8009
# - A jni inprocess worker.
# - A load balancer worker
#
# However by default the plugins will only use the ajp12 worker. To have
# the plugins use other workers you should modify the worker.list property.
#
#
#
# workers.tomcat_home should point to the location where you
# installed tomcat. This is where you have your conf, webapps and lib
# directories.
#
workers.tomcat_home=E:\Apache Tomcat 4.0
#
# workers.java_home should point to your Java installation. Normally
# you should have a bin and lib directories beneath it.
#
workers.java_home=e:\jdk1.3
#
# You should configure your environment slash... ps= on NT and / on UNIX
# and maybe something different elsewhere.
#
ps=\
# ps=/
#
#------ ADVANCED MODE ------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#
#------ DEFAULT worket list ------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#
# The workers that your plugins should create and work with
#
worker.list=ajp12, ajp13

#
#------ DEFAULT ajp12 WORKER DEFINITION ------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#
# Defining a worker named ajp12 and of type ajp12
# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.
#
worker.ajp12.port=8007
worker.ajp12.host=localhost
worker.ajp12.type=ajp12
#
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.ajp12.lbfactor=1
#
#------ DEFAULT ajp13 WORKER DEFINITION ------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#
# Defining a worker named ajp13 and of type ajp13
# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.
#
worker.ajp13.port=8009
worker.ajp13.host=localhost
worker.ajp13.type=ajp13
#
# Specifies the load balance factor when used with
# a load balancing worker.
# Note:
# ----> lbfactor must be > 0
# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.
worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1
#
# Specify the size of the open connection cache.
#worker.ajp13.cachesize
#
#------ DEFAULT LOAD BALANCER WORKER DEFINITION ----------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#
# The loadbalancer (type lb) workers perform wighted round-robin
# load balancing with sticky sessions.
# Note:
# ----> If a worker dies, the load balancer will check its state
# once in a while. Until then all work is redirected to peer
# workers.
worker.loadbalancer.type=lb
worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers=ajp12, ajp13

#
#------ DEFAULT JNI WORKER DEFINITION---------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#
# Defining a worker named inprocess and of type jni
# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.
#
worker.inprocess.type=jni
#
#------ CLASSPATH DEFINITION -----------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#
# Additional class path components.
#
worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)classes
#
# The XML parser provided with Tomcat
#
worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)jaxp.jar
worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)parser.jar
#
# Tomcat`s implementation
#
worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)jasper.jar
worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)servlet.jar
worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)webserver.jar
#
# Javac as available from Java2SE
#
worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)tools.jar
#
# Setting the command line for tomcat
# Note: The cmd_line string may not contain spaces.
#
worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-config
worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)/conf/jni_server.xml
worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-home
worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)
#
# The JVM that we are about to use
#
# This is for Java2
#
worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)jre$(ps)bin$(ps)classic$(ps)jvm.dll
#
# And this is for jdk1.1.X
#
#worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)bin$(ps)javai.dll
#
#
# Setting the place for the stdout and stderr of tomcat
#
worker.inprocess.stdout=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stdout
worker.inprocess.stderr=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stderr
#
# Setting the tomcat.home Java property
#
worker.inprocess.sysprops=tomcat.home=$(workers.tomcat_home)
#
# Java system properties
#
# worker.inprocess.sysprops=java.compiler=NONE
# worker.inprocess.sysprops=myprop=mypropvalue
#
# Additional path components.
#
# worker.inprocess.ld_path=d:$(ps)SQLLIB$(ps)bin
#
对于这个文件，大家要修改只有两个地方，一个是workers.tomcat_home，这是指定Tomcat工作的目录，另外一个是workers.java_home，这是指定Jdk的目录，大家可以做适当修改。
4、 配置Tomcat，这可是比较重要的一步，成败在此一举。
大家打开Tomcat的核心配置文件E:\Apache Tomcat4.0\conf\server.xml
修改如下：
将

的 去掉，这句话熟悉XML的人都知道它是注释，因为默认的Tomcat4是没有启用Apj13的8009的端口即mod_jk所使用，修改后如下：

然后保存，现在你的Tomcat和Apache的配置基本完成了。下面我们开始测试。
四、 测试:
大家首先启动Apache，然后在浏览器里输入http://localhost，如果能看到Apache的欢迎页面，那么恭喜您，第一步成功了。然后回到Tomca目录下运行startup.bat启动Tomcat，再打开浏览器输入：http://localhost:8080/ 如果看到可爱的Tomcat，那么恭喜您，Tomcat也没有问题，最后最重要的是Apache下可以解释jsp和Servlet,把下面的代码copy到文本编辑器中命名为hello.jsp,内容如下:








将它保存到E:\Apache\htdocs下，然后在浏览器里输入http://localhost/hello.jsp
如果看到了Hello,那么您的确成功了，完成了通向jsp和servlet的第一步。