【整理】Python中Cookie的处理：自动处理Cookie，保存为Cookie文件，从文件载入Cookie

jxp2002

文章为转载，原文链接：http://www.crifan.com/python_auto_handle_cookie_and_save_to_from_cookie_file/

1、Python中的Cookie相关的库
Python中有自带的模块：cookielib
可以处理cookie相关的很多事情。
包括

• 从文件中载入cookie
  

更多详细格式和解释，请直接看下面的代码。

2、Python中自动处理Cookie，将Cookie保存到文件，从文件中读取Cookie

Python代码：

• #!/usr/bin/python
  
  
• # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
• """
  
  
• Function:   【整理】Python中Cookie的处理：自动处理Cookie，保存为Cookie文件，从文件载入Cookie
  
•             http://www.crifan.com/python_auto_handle_cookie_and_save_to_from_cookie_file
  
• 
  
• Version:    2013-01-15
  
• Author:     Crifan
  
• Contact:    admin (at) crifan.com
  
• """
  
• 
  
• import os;
  
• import cookielib;
  
• import urllib2;
  
• 
  
• def pythonAutoHandleCookie():
  
•     """
  
  
•         Demo how to auto handle cookie in Python
  
•             cookies in memory
  
•             cookies in file:
  
•                 save cookie to file
  
•                     LWP     format
  
•                     Mozilla format
  
•                 load cookie from file
  
•     """
  
• 
  
•     print "1. Demo how to auto handle cookie (in memory)";
  
•     cookieJarInMemory = cookielib.CookieJar();
  
•     opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookieJarInMemory));
  
•     urllib2.install_opener(opener);
  
•     print "after init, cookieJarInMemory=",cookieJarInMemory; #after init, cookieJarInMemory=
  
•     #!!! following urllib2 will auto handle cookies
  
•     demoUrl = "http://www.google.com/";
  
•     response = urllib2.urlopen(demoUrl);
  
•     #here, we already got response cookies
  
•     print "after urllib2.urlopen, cookieJarInMemory=",cookieJarInMemory;
  
•     #after urllib2.urlopen, cookieJarInMemory=
  
• 
  
• 
  
•     print "2. Demo how to auto handle cookie in file, LWP format";
  
•     cookieFilenameLWP = "localCookiesLWP.txt";
  
•     cookieJarFileLWP = cookielib.LWPCookieJar(cookieFilenameLWP);
  
•     #will create (and save to) new cookie file
  
•     cookieJarFileLWP.save();
  
•     opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookieJarFileLWP));
  
•     urllib2.install_opener(opener);
  
•     #!!! following urllib2 will auto handle cookies
  
•     demoUrl = "http://www.google.com/";
  
•     response = urllib2.urlopen(demoUrl);
  
•     #update cookies, save cookies into file
  
•     cookieJarFileLWP.save();
  
•     #for demo, print cookies in file
  
•     print "LWP cookies:";
  
•     print open(cookieFilenameLWP).read(os.path.getsize(cookieFilenameLWP));
  
•     # #LWP-Cookies-2.0
  
•     # Set-Cookie3: PREF="ID=34c1415b570a93ae:FF=0:NW=1:TM=1358236121:LM=1358236121:S=gEVVojW4x37ht5n-"; path="/"; domain=".google.com"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2015-01-15 07:48:41Z"; version=0
  
•     # Set-Cookie3: NID="67=JI_uEwUm5GDrQ_vCwAp2z_YGU7MdLm5CLMa4CNLF7RQuTDMzrrk1EjRddGcnpoFbht81LaV9spxZQQInf0mPS6lDrvcRqBBL5NOTmy8SwOzA6HWC3iTIo4-o3fO1Udkv"; path="/"; domain=".google.com.hk"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2013-07-17 07:48:41Z"; HttpOnly=None; version=0
  
•     # Set-Cookie3: PREF="ID=8f7e4efca89bdb1b:U=f85a4afa4db021aa:FF=2:LD=zh-CN:NW=1:TM=1358236121:LM=1358236121:S=2WR59hDWutdnUJtF"; path="/"; domain=".google.com.hk"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2015-01-15 07:48:41Z"; version=0
  
• 
  
•     print "3. Demo how to auto handle cookie in file, Mozilla Format";
  
•     cookieFilenameMozilla = "localCookiesMozilla.txt";
  
•     cookieJarFileMozilla = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(cookieFilenameMozilla);
  
•     #will create (and save to) new cookie file
  
•     cookieJarFileMozilla.save();
  
•     opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookieJarFileMozilla));
  
•     urllib2.install_opener(opener);
  
•     #!!! following urllib2 will auto handle cookies
  
•     demoUrl = "http://www.google.com/";
  
•     response = urllib2.urlopen(demoUrl);
  
•     #update cookies, save cookies into file
  
•     cookieJarFileMozilla.save();
  
•     #for demo, print cookies in file
  
•     print "Mozilla cookies:";
  
•     print open(cookieFilenameMozilla).read(os.path.getsize(cookieFilenameMozilla));
  
•     # # Netscape HTTP Cookie File
  
•     # # http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html
  
•     # # This is a generated   Do not edit.
  
• 
  
•     # .google.com    TRUE    /    FALSE    1421308121    PREF    ID=0e05040dd979207c:FF=0:NW=1:TM=1358236121:LM=1358236121:S=jcFid2XgXMIhPUPl
  
•     # .google.com.hk    TRUE    /    FALSE    1374047321    NID    67=klMI_Z5ZPWDjUYrWSUHIE_kYI77_ziJaL0kWRoUGThagME86LKY7H-MNa2wAMI_GklIwYcD8t82qPinxzLd4GLDbmWT0OVLCXhRj0wQDC57dTNAsTs4lhVR7Yjvj2tfn
  
•     # .google.com.hk    TRUE    /    FALSE    1421308121    PREF    ID=028f8b736db06a9a:U=6ba6d080847c8de6:FF=2:LD=zh-CN:NW=1:TM=1358236121:LM=1358236121:S=_1BcC5v3G0ZojVz8
  
• 
  
•     print "4. read cookies from file";
  
•     parseAndSavedCookieFile = "parsedAndSavedCookies.txt"
  
•     parsedCookieJarFile = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(parseAndSavedCookieFile);
  
•     #parsedCookieJarFile = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(cookieFilenameMozilla);
  
•     print parsedCookieJarFile; #
  
•     parsedCookieJarFile.load(cookieFilenameMozilla);
  
•     print parsedCookieJarFile; #
  
• 
  
• 
  
• if __name__=="__main__":
  
•     pythonAutoHandleCookie();
  

3、总结

Python中的cookie的自动处理，比C#好多了。
至少有已有的库可供使用。虽然用法上，需要稍微多多了解后，才知道如何使用的。

更多的解释，可参考官方手册：
cookielib — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
比如其中的revert等函数，需要用到的时候，应该会觉得蛮好用的。

原帖的cookie保存的时候并没有获得全部的cookie，后来又找另外一个文档，对save函数加了两个函数：
ckjar.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)

FileCookieJar. save ( filename=None , ignore_discard=False , ignore_expires=False )Save cookies to a file.
This base class raises NotImplementedError . Subclasses may leave this method unimplemented.
filename is the name of file in which to save cookies. If filename is not specified, self.filename is used (whose default is the value passed to the constructor, if any); if self.filename is None , ValueError is raised.
ignore_discard : save even cookies set to be discarded. ignore_expires : save even cookies that have expired
The file is overwritten if it already exists, thus wiping all the cookies it contains. Saved cookies can be restored later using the load() or revert() methods.