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1、字符集对应查看1
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| mysql> show character set;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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2.查看字符集变量
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| mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /app55/mysql-5.5.45/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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3.乱码原因
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| 客户端字符集
character_set_client
character_set_connection
character_set_results
数据库字符集:
Character_set_server
character_set_database
character_set_system
这两种字符集不相同导致。
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4.解决字符集乱码
1).已经有数据库,但是插入数据时乱码,需要如下
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| mysql> show create database virtual;
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| virtual | CREATE DATABASE `virtual` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use virtual;
Database changed
mysql> show create table user;
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user | CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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| 操作前,先set names库和表的character。
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2).没有数据库,那么在建立数据库的时候指定数据库格式。
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| mysql> create database test default character set gbk collate gbk_chinese_ci;
mysql> create table user (id int not null,name varchar(20));
mysql> show create table user;
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user | CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk |
默认继承数据库的字符集
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
然后,
set names ‘gbk’,
再次操作。
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3).直接导入sql文件,怎么解决乱码
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| 3.1 sql文件中,加上set names utf8
3.2 mysql>set names utf8;
mysql>source file.sql
3.3 mysql命令使用--default-character-set=utf8 导入sql文件
Mysql –uadmin –p’jidian123’ –S /mydata/mysql.sock –default-character-set=utf8
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5.set names ‘utf8’ 和—default-character-set=utf8具体干了些什么?
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| 它们都干了相同的事,把下面3个变量的值变成和要操作的数据库字符集相同了。
character_set_client | utf8 | character_set_connection | utf8
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| character_set_results | utf8
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6、结论
字符集乱码问题受4个东西影响。
1)客户端字符集,3个字符集受Linux系统字符集影响。
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| character_set_client
character_set_connection
character_set_results
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2)要操作的数据库的字符集
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| Show create database test;
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3)要操作的数据表的字符集
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| Use test;
Show create table user
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7.更改配置文件
客户端字符集,编辑my.cnf
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| vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set = utf8 <===set names 'utf8'
注意:客户端修改字符集不需要重启服务器
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服务端字符集,编辑my.cnf
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| vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
default-character-set = utf8 mysql5.1
character-set-server = utf8 mysql5.5
注意:服务端修改字符集需要重启服务器
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8大结论:
1)linux服务器字符集
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| CentOS6
系列
vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG="en_CN.UTF-8"
CentOS7
系列
vi /etc/locale.conf
LANG="en_CN.UTF-8"
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2)linux客户端字符集
3)MySQL服务器字符集配置
永久生效
vi /etc/my.cnf
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| [mysqld]
default-character-set=utf8 mysql5.1
版本
character-set-server=utf8 mysql5.5
版本
重启服务器
提示:
更改后变化的变量
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /app55/mysql-5.5.45/share/charsets/
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4)MySQL客户端字符集配置
临时生效:
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| 1、set names 'utf8'
2、mysql -uadmin -p -S /mydata/mysql.sock --default-character-set=utf8
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提示:
更改后受影响的变量
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| mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /app55/mysql-5.5.45/share/charsets/
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永久生效
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| vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
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提示:
不需要重启服务器,数据证明一切。 并且客户端字符集不会再受linux字符集的影响了。
9.生成环境更改字符集
对已有数据的数据库进行字符集转变,没有没有作用。只能导出数据,重新建库建表。
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| 改库:
alter database character set 'ut8';
改表:
alter table character set 'utf8';
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生产环境更改字符集方法:latin1 utf8
1)导出表结构
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| mysqldump -uadmin -p'jidian123' -S /mydata/mysql.sock -d virtual >virtual_bak.sql
sed -i 's/latin1/utf8/g' virtual_bak.sql
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2.建库
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| create database virtual default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
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3.更改MySQL默认字符集
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| [client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8 mysql5.5
配置
default-character-set = utf8 mysql5.1
配置
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重启数据库
4.导入数据
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| mysql -uadmin -p'jidian123' -S /mydata/mysql.sock virtual < virtual_bak.sql
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